Articulo de referencia

Hathwa Raj

Hathwa Raj also known as the Kalyanpur chieftaincy was a chieftaincy established in what is now Saran division of Bihar. It comprised 1,365 villages across Chhapra , Siwan , and...

Page extended-confirmed-protected

Hathwa Raj also known as the Kalyanpur chieftaincy was a chieftaincy established in what is now Saran division of Bihar. It comprised 1,365 villages across Chhapra, Siwan, and Gopalganj districts of Bihar, with a population exceeding 391,000 and generating an annual revenue of nearly one million rupees at the time of independence.[1] Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor Akbar during late 16th century.

History

Legends state that the region of Kalyanpur was originally ruled by the Cheros who were later supplanted by the Rajputs who in turn were replaced by the Bhumihars who became the ancestors of the Hathwa Rajas. The earliest reference to the Hathwa chieftaincy is in 1539 when Emperor Humayun sought refuge in Kalyanpur after his defeat at the Battle of Chausa. The Raja of the time, Raja Jay Mal provided aid to Humayun by giving food to his troops. Because Jay Mal provided aid to his enemy, Sher Shah Suri attempted to punish the Hathwa chieftain who in turn fled to the forests of Gorakhpur to lead an insurgency. By the time Humayun had returned to the throne, he rewarded Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi, with a substantial amount of land.[2][3] Jubraj Shahi also engaged in a conflict with Kabul Mohammad of Barharia, a neighbouring chieftain of Afghan origin. Jubraj Shahi emerged victorious after he killed Kabul Mohammad and captured his fort and land. Because Kabul Mohammad was also rebelling against the Empire, Emperor Akbar rewarded Jubraj Shahi with additional land.[2]Abul Fazl provides information on Kalyan Mal, the chieftain of Hathwa in the 1580s. When the rebel of Ghazipur, Masum Khan Farankhudi, was defeated by the Mughal general, Shahbaz Khan Kamboh, Farankhudi sought shelter in Kalyanpur. However Kalyan Mal refused to grant any assistance and as a result the rebel went back to Ghazipur and submitted himself before the Mughal governor. Local sources indicate that it was due to this and other instances of providing assistance that Akbar granted him the title of Raja.[2]

Hay poca información sobre Hathwa en las fuentes imperiales durante el reinado del emperador Jahangir, aunque las fuentes locales indican que el Raja Khemkaran mantuvo buenas relaciones con el emperador y recibió el título de Raja Bahadur en 1625. También cambió la ubicación de su capital de Kalyanpur a Husainpur, donde se construyó una nueva fortaleza. [ 2 ]

Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur, quien fue Maharaja entre 1874 y 1896, era un asceta. Poco después de su coronación, emprendió una peregrinación a los santuarios del norte de la India . Posteriormente, solía viajar y peregrinar con regularidad, principalmente a Benarés . [ 4 ] Debido a su ubicación central, Hathwa era la sede del palacio residencial del Raja y sus aldeas cercanas albergaban a la mayoría de los principales sirvientes de la propiedad. [ 5 ]

Además de la oficina de la finca ( Kachcheri ), ubicada en el grupo de aldeas de Hathwa, se encontraban el bungalow del administrador de la finca, la casa del Diwan, la escuela Hathwa Eden, la oficina de correos, el dispensario Raj, el salón médico Durga y el templo llamado Gopal mandir. [ 6 ]

Hacia la década de 1840, Hathwa se caracterizaba por sus grandes bazares y mercados quincenales. A principios del siglo XIX, se construyeron fuertes, palacios y varios templos. Un relato de principios del siglo XX describe Hathwa como un impresionante mercado tradicional, con tiendas que ofrecían una amplia gama de productos agrícolas y de consumo, y especialistas que brindaban diversos servicios. La presencia de escuelas y templos acentuaba aún más su importancia en la localidad. La hacienda recaudaba anualmente impuestos profesionales de los comerciantes establecidos en Hathwa. [ 5 ]

Palacio perteneciente al Hathwa Raj

Durga Puja

Durga Puja era una gran atracción para la familia Hathwa Raj y todos los miembros de la familia se reunían para adorar a su Durga en Thawe Mandir . [ 7 ] Los rituales consistían en que el Maharaja viajaba en un carruaje al Gopal Mandir, y luego al Sheesh Mahal para el durbar anual y, posteriormente, en un elefante para darshan de Maiyya en Vijayadashmi. [ 8 ] La familia Hathwa todavía celebra algunas de las costumbres, incluido el sacrificio de búfalos y cabras durante el puja. [ 9 ]

Véase también

Notas

  1. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar . University of California Press . pp.  305 (en la página 69). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  2. 1234Tahir Hussain Ansari (20 June 2019). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. Taylor & Francis. pp. 288–293. ISBN 978-1-00-065152-2.
  3. | first = Hetukar | last = Jha | author-link = Hetukar Jha | title = Permanent Settlement in Bihar | publisher = Social Scientist | year = 1980, Vol. 9, No.1 (Aug., 1980) | pages = 53-57
  4. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 140). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  5. 12Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 193). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  6. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 194). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  7. Gayatree Sharma (22 October 2012). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 October 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  8. Gayatree Sharma (22 October 2012). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  9. Gayatree Sharma (10 March 2015). "Ex-zamindars' tryst with Durga Puja". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 October 2012.

Further reading

  • Yang, Anand A. (1989). The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52005-711-1.