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Bernard Ashmole

Bernard Ashmole (22 June 1894 – 25 February 1988) was a British archaeologist and art historian , who specialized in ancient Greek sculpture . He held a number of professorships...

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Bernard Ashmole (22 June 1894 – 25 February 1988) was a British archaeologist and art historian, who specialized in ancient Greek sculpture. He held a number of professorships during his lifetime; Yates Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology at the University of London from 1929 to 1948, Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at University of Oxford from 1956 to 1961, and Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen from 1961 to 1963. He was also Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum from 1939 to 1956.

Early life

Ashmole was born on 22 June 1894 in Ilford, Essex, to William Ashmole and Caroline Wharton Tiver.[1] He was a descendant of the antiquarianElias Ashmole.[2] He was privately educated[1] before attending the privateForest School from 1903 to 1911.[3] He matriculated into Hertford College, Oxford, in 1913, having been awarded the Essex Scholarship in Classics.[2]

Career

World War I service

With the outbreak of World War I, he left university to join the British Army. He was commissioned into the 11th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers.[2] He was badly wounded at the Battle of the Somme.[1] While recuperating in a service battalion, he was made a temporary captain on 5 November 1916.[4] He returned to the trenches once more, when he was re-attached to the Royal Fusiliers on 9 March 1918. He retained the rank of temporary captain dated to 31 October 1917 with seniority from 5 November 1916.[5]

Inter-war period

At Oxford he studied with Percy Gardner and John Beazley, with whom he collaborated on the Greek art chapter for the Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed. (1928; separately issued, 1930) and whom he eventually succeeded to the Lincoln Chair of Classical Art at Oxford, on Beazley's retirement in 1956.

Entre 1925 y 1928, fue director de la Escuela Británica de Roma , donde colaboró ​​en la catalogación de las esculturas del Palazzo dei Conservatori y desarrolló una sensibilidad por la escultura y la arquitectura modernas entre los jóvenes estudiantes de la Escuela. Tras tres años trabajando en la Escuela Británica de Roma, Ashmole fue nombrado profesor de arqueología clásica en el University College de Londres . [ 6 ] Regresó al Reino Unido en 1929 para asumir el cargo y encargó al arquitecto neozelandés Amyas Connell el diseño de «High and Over», [ 6 ] una casa modernista con estructura de hormigón en Amersham -on-the-Hill, Buckinghamshire . La casa está catalogada como Grado II* por su excepcional importancia arquitectónica. [ 7 ] La casa aparece en Metro-land de John Betjeman , donde se la describe como «escandalizante para todo Buckinghamshire» y como parte de la incipiente tendencia que se conocería como modernismo.

Su obra Escultura griega del período arcaico tardío y del período clásico temprano en Sicilia y el sur de Italia (1934) se desarrolló a partir de sus conferencias Hertz en la Academia Británica . En 1939, Ashmole fue nombrado conservador de antigüedades griegas y romanas en el Museo Británico , tras un incidente público relacionado con la limpieza abrasiva de los mármoles de Elgin ; allí impulsó las incipientes carreras de dos generaciones de estudiosos de la antigüedad clásica.

Servicio en la Segunda Guerra Mundial

In World War II, he served in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and was given the service number 84365.[8] He was commissioned as a pilot officer (on probation) on 21 July 1940.[9] On 21 July 1941, his commission was confirmed and he was promoted to the war substantive rank of flying officer.[10] He was made a temporaryflight lieutenant on 1 September 1942.[11] By January 1944, he was an actingsquadron leader.[12] In the next month, he was promoted to flight lieutenant (war substantive) dated 31 August 1943 and to squadron leader (war substantive) dated 5 January 1944.[13] On 10 February 1954, he relinquished his commission, retaining the rank of wing commander.[14]

Post World War II

He resigned his University of London chair in 1948 to concentrate on the post-war reinstallation of the British Museum. He retired from Oxford in 1961 to accept a chair in Greek Art and Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen, 1961–1963; to be visiting professor at Yale University, 1964, and to give the Taft Lectures, Cincinnati), published as The Classical Ideal in Greek Sculpture (University of Cincinnati, 1964); to give the Wrightsman Lectures in New York (1967, published as Architect and Sculptor in Classical Greece, 1972). He advised the oil billionaire J. Paul Getty on his acquisitions of classical art.

Personal life

In 1920, Ashmole married Dorothy Irene de Peyer. Together they had two daughters and a son.[3]

Honours and decorations

Ashmole was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 17 April 1917.[15] His citation read:

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He displayed great courage and skill in forming his company up for the attack under very heavy fire. Later, although wounded, he continued in command until he was wounded a second time and collapsed.[15]

El 29 de diciembre de 1942, se anunció que había sido condecorado con la Cruz de Vuelo Distinguido griega "en reconocimiento a los valiosos servicios prestados en relación con la guerra". [ 8 ] El 14 de enero de 1944, se anunció que había sido mencionado en los despachos . [ 12 ]

Fue nombrado Comendador de la Orden del Imperio Británico (CBE) en la lista de honores de Año Nuevo de 1957. [ 16 ]

Referencias

  1. 1 2 3 ASHMOLE, Profesor Bernard . Quién fue quién. A & C Black. Diciembre de 2007.
  2. 1 2 3 Sorensen, Lee. "Ashmole, Bernard" . Diccionario de historiadores del arte. Archivado del original el 22 de julio de 2012. Recuperado el 30 de agosto de 2012 .
  3. 1 2 Boardman, John (2004). "Ashmole, Bernard (1894–1988)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( edición en línea). Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/39795 . Recuperado el 30 de agosto de 2012 . (Se requiere suscripción, acceso a la biblioteca de Wikipedia o ser miembro de una biblioteca pública del Reino Unido ).
  4. ↑ "N.º 30232" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 14 de agosto de 1917. pág. 8315. 
  5. ↑ "N.º 30566" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 8 de marzo de 1918. pág. 3070. 
  6. 1 2 Tinniswood, Adrian (2016). El fin de semana largo: La vida en la casa de campo inglesa entre las guerras . Jonathan Cape . pág. 115. ISBN  9780224099455.
  7. ↑ "HIGH AND OVER WITH ADACHED WALLS, STEPS AND PERGOLA, HIGHOVER PARK HIGH AND OVER, 40, HIGHOVER PARK, AMERSHAM, HP7 0BP" . Historic England . Consultado el 13 de abril de 2024 .
  8. 1 2 "N.º 35837" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 25 de diciembre de 1942. págs. 5639–5640 . 
  9. ↑ "N.º 34954" . The London Gazette . 27 de septiembre de 1940. pág. 5719. 
  10. ↑ "N.º 35247" . The London Gazette . 15 de agosto de 1941. pág. 4736. 
  11. ↑ "N.º 35765" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 27 de octubre de 1942. pág. 4706. 
  12. 1 2 "N.º 36329" . The London Gazette . 11 de enero de 1944. págs. 286–289 . 
  13. ↑ "N.º 36373" . The London Gazette . 8 de febrero de 1944. pág. 735. 
  14. ↑ "N.º 40175" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 14 de mayo de 1954. págs. 2911–2912 . 
  15. 1 2 "N.º 30023" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 17 de abril de 1917. pág. 3678. 
  16. ↑ "N.º 40960" . The London Gazette (Suplemento). 28 de diciembre de 1956. pág. 11. 
  • Ashmole, Bernard, 1994. Bernard Ashmole, 1894–1988: Una autobiografía (Malibú: Museo Getty)
  • Diccionario de historiadores del arte : "Bernard Ashmole"