Bicicleta

Bicske ( en húngaro: [ ˈbit͡ʃkɛ ] ; en latín : Lusomana o Lumanum ) es una localidad del condado de Fejér , Hungría . Se encuentra a unos 35 km (22 millas) al oeste de Budapest . Su administración ha sufrido numerosos cambios; ha sido asentamiento, aldea, ciudad comercial y una división administrativa.  

El nombre de la familia Byckche se conoce desde 1258, cuando algunos de sus miembros recibieron una importante donación de tierras del rey. Según un documento de 1306, a los hijos de Botond, János (Juan) y Péter, se les concedió permiso para cobrar peajes en la localidad de Bicske.

A partir de 1596, Bicske perteneció al Imperio Otomano .

El conde Ádám Batthyány adquirió las tierras en 1642. La familia Batthyány construyó un castillo entre 1754 y 1755, convirtiéndolo en su residencia. También construyeron un observatorio y un pequeño castillo ( Hegyi-kastély ) para los astrónomos . Durante la época de los Batthyány, la aldea, que había sido destruida por los turcos , se convirtió en una próspera ciudad. Desde 1688 hasta 1877, fue la principal localidad del distrito.

A Jewish community developed in Bicske during the 18th century; most of its members were associated with the Neolog or Reform Judaism movement. They built a synagogue and a school, which was open to both Christian and Jewish students.^[2] By the 19th century Bicske was a well-developed market town and cultural centre. From 1877 to 1946 it belonged to the district of Vál.

After World War I, an era known as the "White Terror," lasting from 1919 - 1921, saw the Jewish community of Bicske under attack by Christians, as homes were looted and citizens were murdered.^[2]

In 1940, during World War II, Jewish farms and shops were confiscated and nationalized and able-bodied Jewish men were sent to Ukraine to work in the mines. In May 1940, a ghetto was erected in Bicske and Jews from neighboring towns were brought there for confinement. In June 1940, the ghetto was liquidated and its entire Jewish population was sent to the Komárom ghetto and, that same month, to Auschwitzconcentration camp for extermination. The town's synagogue was completely destroyed.^[2]

Bicske was captured on 24 December 1944 by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in the course of the Budapest Offensive. On the night of 4 January 1945 the GermanNazi 5th SS Panzer Regiment, under the command of Fritz Darges, advanced towards Bicske but was stopped by the 41st Guards Rifle Division of the Soviet 4th Guards Army. The Germans retreated, but destroyed more than thirty Soviet tanks during the battle.^[3]

In 1947 Bicske became independent.

There were 12,000 inhabitants in 1986.

• Roman Catholic Church (18th century) with a Maulbertsch panel painting
• Batthyány Mansion, Bicske (built in 1754-1755)
• In the center of the town are excavated ruins of a temple with several tombs, dating from the 15th century
• Ruins of the Observatory and the astronomers' castle

The association football club, Bicskei TC, is based in the town.

Bicske is twinned with:^[4]

• Altshausen, Germany
• Băile Tușnad, Romania
• Chop, Ukraine
• Reci, Romania

• Sitio web oficial en húngaro