mafia caldea

La mafia caldea , o crimen organizado caldeo , es un conjunto de organizaciones criminales compuestas por caldeos que surgió en Estados Unidos durante la década de 1980. El crimen organizado caldeo opera principalmente en Detroit , así como en San Diego, California , y Phoenix, Arizona . ^{[ 1 ] [ 2 ]}

Los grupos de la mafia caldea están compuestos casi exclusivamente por miembros de ascendencia caldea originarios de Irak. Estos grupos suelen ser organizaciones pequeñas y muy exclusivas, cuyos miembros rinden cuentas a líderes conocidos como "padrinos". ^{[ 4 ]} La mafia caldea tiene presencia en ciudades de los Estados Unidos con grandes poblaciones caldeas, como Detroit , San Diego y Phoenix . ^{[ 2 ] [ 4 ]} Los grupos del crimen organizado caldeo están involucrados en asesinato, incendio provocado, tráfico de armas, tráfico de narcóticos, lavado de dinero, fraude, robo, falsificación, extorsión, tráfico de personas, asalto, secuestro y robo a mano armada, con vínculos con la Detroit Partnership de la mafia estadounidense , el Cártel de Sinaloa y la mafia mexicana . ^{[ 1 ] [ 3 ]} El papel de los grupos del crimen organizado caldeo en el narcotráfico implica el transporte y la distribución de grandes cantidades de marihuana , cocaína y MDMA . ^{[ 4 ] [ 5 ]} En Detroit, los criminales caldeos participan en la distribución de MDMA canadiense, marihuana mexicana, cocaína en polvo y crack , que se compran a otros grupos criminales. Las gasolineras y tiendas de conveniencia propiedad de la mafia caldea en toda el área de Detroit se utilizan para blanquear las ganancias ilícitas del narcotráfico. ^{[ 5 ]}

The Chaldean mafia originated in Detroit, Michigan in the early 1980s.^[1] The Metropolitan Detroit area is home to the largest population of Chaldeans outside Iraq.^[5] Louis Akrawi, known as the "Godfather of the Chaldean Mafia", fled Iraq in 1968 following an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party and settled in Detroit, where he became a crime boss and an influential figure in the city's Chaldean community. Akrawi headed a crime syndicate which operated drug dealing, illegal gambling, and extortion rackets, using his restaurant, LA Ribs & Chicken, as a front. When he was given a key to the city by Mayor Coleman Young in 1980, Akrawi organized an anti-Hussein protest outside Sacred Heart Catholic Church.^[6]

In 1989, Chaldean drug kingpin Harry Kalasho, a nephew of Louis Akrawi, was killed in a drive-by shooting, causing a Chaldean gang war which resulted in numerous shootings and bombings.^[6]

In 1991, two associates of Louis Akrawi, Hatim Zakar and Najah Konja, were convicted in a conspiracy case in Oakland County, while Akrawi was acquitted.^[6]

Following an attempt on his life by a rival gang in 1993, Louis Akrawi hired two men to kill the owner of a Detroit party store. The assassination went awry, however, and an innocent bystander, Michael Cogborn, was shot dead. Akrawi was convicted of second-degree murder in 1996 and sentenced to 15-to-25 years in prison. Akrawi was paroled in November 2011, but spent three months in jail waiting for deportation proceedings against him. Since Iraq did not accept deportees from the United States that had no travel documents, the Michigan Department of Corrections revoked Akrawi's parole and returned him to prison. After he was paroled again in February 2017, Akrawi, along with his former associates, Hatim Zakar and Najah Konja, were among over a hundred Chaldean Iraqi illegal immigrants with criminal records who were arrested in the Detroit area by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Enforcement and Removal Operations and targeted for deportation.^[6]

The Chaldean mafia operated narcotics distribution networks from Phoenix and San Diego to Detroit. The work of the Detroit Metropolitan Violent Crime Task Force—with representatives from the FBI, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF); the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Detroit Police Department, the Michigan State Police Department, and the Wayne County Sheriff's Office—resulted in the conviction of 111 subjects and the seizure of $5.3 million, 6.5 tons of marijuana, 25 kilograms of cocaine, five pounds of crystal methamphetamine, and 78 firearms.^[7]

In 2011 "Operation Shadowbox", a joint investigation between El Cajon, California police and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration into the trafficking of narcotics, firearms and explosives, allowed for the seizure of more than 13 pounds of methamphetamine; more than 5 pounds of ecstasy, pharmaceuticals, crack cocaine, heroin and cocaine; and more than 3,500 pounds of marijuana, most of which was likely smuggled through mastermind Furat Kalasho of Sterling Heights partnered with the Sinaloa Federation. Investigators also seized more than $630,000 in cash, three luxury cars, 34 firearms and four improvised explosive devices.

"Operation Shadowbox" was a joint investigation between El Cajon Police and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. On August 18, 2011 sixty Chaldeans were arrested at a Chaldean Social Club in El Cajon, near San Diego. This operation targeted mastermind Ben Kalasho of El Cajon, California. SWAT teams served search warrants on the club late Wednesday night, seizing more than $160,000 in cash as well as evidence of illegal gambling.^[8]

• Crime in Detroit, Michigan

• George Knox, 2008, The Chaldean Mafia: A Preliminary Gang Threat, http://ngcrc.com./ngcrc/chaldprof.htm, National Gang Crime Research
• Louis Akrawi, "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2009-06-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
• Detroit Free Press (asesinato de Harry Kalasho), 2010, "Copia archivada" (PDF) . Archivado del original (PDF) el 8 de julio de 2011. Recuperado el 28 de junio de 2009 .{{cite web}}: CS1 mantenimiento: copia archivada como título ( enlace )
• Documento del Tribunal de Apelaciones (Ray Akrawi), 2010, http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/951/350/257887/
• Documento del Tribunal de Apelaciones (Louis Akrawi), 2010, "Copia archivada" (PDF) . Archivado del original (PDF) el 25 de julio de 2011. Recuperado el 28 de junio de 2009 .{{cite web}}: CS1 mantenimiento: copia archivada como título ( enlace )
• Sign On San Diego, "60 arrestados", 2011, http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/aug/18/60-arrested-el-cajon-chaldean-organized-crime-case/