Articulo de referencia

Charla con tiza

Anuncio de la revista Cartoons para el programa Bart Chalk-Talk de CL Bartholomew. Una charla con tiza es una presentación ilustrada en la que el orador dibuja imágenes para enf...

Anuncio de la revista Cartoons para el programa Bart Chalk-Talk de CL Bartholomew.

Una charla con tiza es una presentación ilustrada en la que el orador dibuja imágenes para enfatizar los puntos clave de la conferencia y crear una experiencia memorable y entretenida para los oyentes. Las charlas con tiza se diferencian de otros tipos de charlas ilustradas por el uso de ilustraciones en tiempo real en lugar de imágenes estáticas. Alcanzaron gran popularidad a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, presentándose en espectáculos de vodevil , asambleas de Chautauqua , reuniones religiosas y otros lugares más pequeños. Desde sus inicios, las charlas con tiza han sido tanto una forma popular de entretenimiento como una herramienta pedagógica .

Historia temprana

Ilustración de Frank Beard que muestra a un maestro de escuela dominical dando una charla con tiza.

Uno de los primeros artistas de la pizarra fue un ilustrador de la época de la prohibición llamado Frank Beard (1842-1905). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Beard era un ilustrador profesional y caricaturista editorial que publicaba en The Ram's Horn, una revista interdenominacional de temática social y evangélica . [ 3 ] La esposa de Beard era metodista , y cuando las mujeres de su iglesia le pidieron que hiciera algunos dibujos como parte de una velada de entretenimiento que estaban planeando, nació la pizarra. [ 4 ] En 1896, Beard publicó Chalk Lessons; or, The Black-board in the Sunday School , que dedicó al reverendo Albert D. Vail «[a través de cuya sencilla enseñanza en la pizarra fui guiado por primera vez a escudriñar las Escrituras y mi propio corazón]». [ 2 ]

Actuación pública

Like magic lantern shows and Lyceum lectures, chalk talks, with their presentation of images changing in real time, could be educational as well as entertaining.[5] They were choreographed performances "where the images would become animate, melding one into another in an orderly and progressive way" to tell a story.[6] Chalk talks began to be used for religious rallies[7] and became popular acts in vaudeville and at Chautuaqua assemblies.[8] Some performers, such as James Stuart Blackton, created acts around "lightning sketches," drawings which were rapidly modified as the audience looked on. "Tricks" or illustrative techniques used by performers were called "stunts."[9] The seemingly magical stunts, and the chalk talk artist's power to transform simple images before their audiences' eyes, appealed to magicians. Cartoonist and magician Harlan Tarbell performed as a chalk-talker and published several chalk talk method books.[10]

Signed illustration by John Wilson Bengough of the cartoonist presenting a chalk talk about woman suffrage.

Winsor McCay began doing vaudeville chalk talks in 1906.[11] In his The Seven Ages of Man vaudeville act, he drew two infant faces, a boy and a girl, and progressively aged them.[12][13] Popular illustrator Vernon Grant was also known for his vaudeville circuit chalk talks. Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist John T. McCutcheon was a popular chalk talk performer.[9] Artist and suffragist Adele Goodman Clark set up her easel on a street corner to convince listeners to support woman suffrage.[14] Canadian cartoonist John Wilson Bengough toured internationally, giving chalk talks both for entertainment and in support of causes including woman suffrage and prohibition.[15]

Animation

Chalk talks contributed to the development of early animated films, such as The Enchanted Drawing by James Stuart Blackton and his partner, Alfred E. Smith.[13] Blackton's Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) was another early animated film with its roots in chalk talks.[16] For his early films, Winsor McCay borrowed Blackton's image of the artist standing before drawings that come to life.[12]

References

  1. Scutts, Joanna (October 30, 2015). "Frank Beard: The Cartoonist Who Drew America Dry". Tales of the Cocktail Foundation. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  2. 12Beard, Frank (1896). Chalk Lessons, or The Blackboard in the Sunday School. New York: Excelsior Publishing House.
  3. "The Ram's Horn". eHistory. History Department. Ohio State University. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  4. "Frank Beard's Chalk Talk". Isabella Alden. 2015-01-12. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  5. Lush, Paige (2013). Music in the Chautauqua Movement: From 1874 to the 1930s. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-7864-7315-1.
  6. Lindquist, Benjamin (2019-03-01). "Slow Time and Sticky Media: Frank Beard's Political Cartoons, Chalk Talks, and Hieroglyphic Bibles, 1860–1905". Winterthur Portfolio. 53 (1): 41–84. doi:10.1086/703977. ISSN 0084-0416. S2CID 197811853.
  7. "Thousands of Working Men Attended the Great Noon Meeting at the Union Iron Works Yesterday". The San Francisco Call. July 13, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  8. Tydeman, William (1994). "New Mexico Tourist Images". Essays in Twentieth-Century New Mexico History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 201. ISBN 9780826314833.
  9. 12Bartholomew, Charles L. (1922). Chalk Talk and Crayon Presentation; A Handbook of Practice and Performance in Pictorial Expression of Ideas. University of California Libraries. Chicago : Frederick J. Drake and co., publishers. pp. 100–122.
  10. "Harlan Tarbell, Chalk Talk books" . WorldCat.org . Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2019 .
  11. Winsor McCay en filmreference.com
  12. 1 2 Canemaker, John (2018). Winsor McCay. Su vida y su arte . CRC Press, Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781138578869.
  13. 1 2 Stabile, Carol A. y Mark Harrison. Prime Time Animation: Television Animation and American Culture . Routledge, 2003.
  14. Hyde, Jo (16 de septiembre de 1956). "Perfil de personalidad: la señorita Adele Clark". Richmond Times-Dispatch . pág. 25. 
  15. Bengough, JW (1922). Charlas de tiza de Bengough: Una serie de discursos en el estrado sobre diversos temas, con reproducciones de los dibujos improvisados ​​con los que fueron ilustrados . Toronto: Musson. pp. 39 . 
  16. Popova, Maria (23 de marzo de 2010). "El dibujo encantado: la animación temprana de Blackton" . Brain Pickings . Recuperado el 12 de noviembre de 2019 .