Sistema de frenado combinado

Un sistema de frenado combinado ( CBS ), también llamado sistema de frenado vinculado ( LBS ), es un sistema que vincula los frenos delantero y trasero en una motocicleta o scooter . ^{[ 1 ]} En este sistema, la acción del conductor de presionar una de las palancas de freno aplica ambos frenos, delantero y trasero. La cantidad de frenado aplicada por cada uno puede ser determinada por una válvula de control proporcional . Esto es distinto de los frenos integrados (convencionales), donde al aplicar presión al pedal del freno trasero solo se aplica cierta fuerza de frenado al freno delantero. ^{[ 2 ]}

En Estados Unidos, la ley exige que una motocicleta tenga dos sistemas de frenado separados, aunque no existe ningún requisito específico de que los sistemas tengan controles separados. ^{[ 3 ]} Por el contrario, un automóvil solo está obligado a tener un sistema de frenado para frenado dinámico (es decir, frenado en movimiento), además de un freno de estacionamiento separado.

Desde 2016, la UE exige el sistema de frenado antibloqueo (ABS) o CBS en todos los scooters, motocicletas, triciclos y quads nuevos de menos de 125 cc. ^{[ 4 ]}

Desde el 1 de abril de 2019, India exige CBS (o ABS) en todos los vehículos nuevos de dos ruedas de menos de 125 cc. ^{[ 5 ]}

A partir del 1 de enero de 2024, Argentina exigirá el sistema de frenos combinados (o ABS en la rueda delantera) en todas las motocicletas nuevas de carretera de entre 50 y 250 cc (o sus equivalentes eléctricos). ^{[ 6 ] [ 7 ]}

Chile exigirá CBS (o ABS) en todas las motocicletas nuevas de 50 cc a 149 cc o de 4  kW a 11  kW a partir de febrero de 2026. ^{[ 8 ]}

A partir de octubre de 2025, Colombia exigirá CBS (o ABS) para motores de 50 cc a 149 cc o de 4  kW a 11  kW. ^{[ 9 ]}

A partir de marzo de 2027, Colombia exigirá CBS (o ABS) en todas las motocicletas nuevas de menos de 125 cc. ^{[ 9 ]}

BMW Motorrad uses a system called Integral ABS, in which the front brake lever operates both the front and rear brakes, while the brake pedal operates only the rear brake.^[10] In the inverse, Honda's system that features both combined brakes and anti-lock brakes is dubbed Combined ABS. In this system, the rear brake pedal operates both front and rear brake, and the front brake lever operates the front calipers, which in turn activates a secondary master cylinder to engage the rear brake. ABS modulators are installed on both the front and rear wheel.^[11]

Honda's first street motorcycle with a combined braking system (then called Unified Braking) was the 1983 GL1100. This system was derived from a 1970s RCB1000 world endurance race bike.^[12][13]Honda made several variations of the LBS system with differing levels of complexity and integration.^[14] The Honda CBR1000F and CBR1100XX and VFR800 featured what Honda called LBS II (now called Dual CBS), a system where both levers would activate both brakes through a system of secondary pistons and proportioning/delay valves.^[15] One front brake caliper was connected to a secondary master cylinder, and the caliper was allowed to rotate slightly to apply pressure to the piston in that secondary master cylinder. Braking force was translated into pressure that was sent to the rear brake cylinder. Only the two outer pistons in the front brake calipers were directly activated by the brake lever; the center piston received pressure from the rear pedal via the proportioning and delay valve.

From 2009 the Honda CBR1000RR and CBR600RR sport bikes are optionally equipped with an integrated Dual CBS and ABS system which uses an electronic control unit to distribute hydraulic pressure between front and rear brakes.^[16] The combined anti-lock braking system is called C-ABS.^[17]

• SureStop - a similar system designed for bicycles