Dochmiac

Dochmiac (Ancient Greek: δοχμιακός, from δόχμιος 'across, aslant, oblique',^[1] or 'pertaining to a δοχμή or hand's-breath'^[2]) is a poetic meter that is characteristically used in Greek tragedy, expressing extreme agitation or distress. They appear in every extant tragedy—N.C. Conomis counted a total of 1,985 in the tragedies of Aeschylus (528×), Sophocles (291×), and Euripides (1166×)^[3]—, but there are also examples in satyric drama and Aristophanes, where they are often paratragic in tone and impassioned.^[4]

The base metrical scheme is: ‿ — — ‿ —, although any of the long syllables may be resolved (i.e., replaced by two shorts) and either of the two shorts may be replaced by a long (drag-in where the first is replaced, drag-out where the second is replaced, and double drag where both are replaced).^[4] Thus, in theory, 32 variants are possible, ranging from five longs — — — — — to eight shorts, ‿ ‿‿ ‿‿ ‿ ‿‿. The ones occurring most often are

‿ — — ‿ —,

‿ ‿‿ — ‿ —, and

— ‿‿ — ‿ —.

Here is an example from Aeschylus' Seven against Thebes, lines 697-700, where the chorus in vain tries to withhold Oedipus' son Eteocles from a fatal battle with his brother Polynices. The first three lines here are pairs of — ‿‿ — ‿ — dochmiacs. Long syllables have been underlined. (The fourth line is a hagesichorean.) Note that dochmiacs and even whole lines can start and end in the middle of a word:

ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ ʼποτρύνου· κακὸς οὐ κεκλή-

σῃ βίον εὖ κυρήσας· μελάναιγις δʼ· οὐκ

εἶσι δόμων Ἐρινύς, ὅταν ἐκ χερῶν

θεοὶ θυσίαν δέχωνται;

allà sù mḕ ’potrú/nou; kakòs ou keklḗ-

sēi bíon eû kurḗ/sas; melánaigis d’ ouk

eî si dó mōn E ri / nús , hótan ek khe rôn

¿El oì suchí an dé khōntai ?

| – uu – uu – | – uu – uu – |

| – uu – uu – | – uu – – – |

| – uu – uu – | – uu – uu – |

| tu – – tu – | tu – – ||

No, no te emociones; no te llamarán cobarde.

ya que has prosperado en la vida; pero ¿no lo hará el de escudo negro?

Erinys (Espíritu Vengador) abandona tu casa, cuando de tus manos

¿Los dioses recibirán una ofrenda sacrificial?

Un ejemplo de la forma más simple de doble arrastre (—  —  —  —  —) es cuando el coro en Las doncellas suplicantes de Esquilo , líneas 892 y 901, suspira dos veces:

ὦ πᾶ, Γᾶς παῖ, Ζεῦ.

ô pâ, Gâs paî, Zeû.

| – – – – – |

¡Oh Padre, hijo de la Tierra, Zeus!