Hispanopedia WikiEl título de duque de Silesia era el de los hijos y descendientes del duque polaco Boleslao III de Wrymouth . De acuerdo con el último testamento de Boleslao , a su muerte sus tierras se dividieron en cuatro o cinco provincias hereditarias distribuidas entre sus hijos, y una provincia real de Cracovia reservada para el mayor, que iba a ser Gran Duque de toda Polonia. Esto se conoció como la fragmentación de Polonia . Los acontecimientos posteriores condujeron a una mayor fragmentación de los ducados.
A principios del siglo XIV existían en Silesia catorce ducados independientes: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan y Oleśnica en la Baja Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz y Opava en la Alta Silesia y el ducado eclesiástico de Nysa. Entre 1327 y 1329 la mayoría de los duques aceptaron el señorío del rey bohemio Juan de Bohemia , que adquirió el derecho de sucesión para todos estos ducados. En los siglos siguientes todas las ramas de los Piastas de Silesia se extinguieron, y con la muerte de Jorge Guillermo, duque de Liegnitz, la dinastía dejó de existir.
Ducado de Silesia
El ducado de Silesia , una de las provincias hereditarias de Polonia, Silesia , fue otorgado al hijo mayor de Boleslao III, Vladislao II el Desterrado , y posteriormente fue dividido entre sus hijos Boleslao I el Alto (Wrocław/Baja Silesia), Mieszko I Pies Enredados (Racibórz/Alta Silesia) y Conrado Zancas de Huso (Głogów). Después de la muerte de Conrado, Głogów volvió a unirse al ducado de Wrocław/Baja Silesia.
Particiones de Silesia
En 1173 Boleslao regresó y aceptó que Mieszko y Boleslao gobernaran en sus propios ducados, separados del ducado de Silesia. Esto llevó a la creación del ducado de Racibórz para Mieszko I y el ducado de Opole para Jaroslao, comenzando la fragmentación del ducado de Silesia. Los territorios controlados por Mieszko I y Jaroslao correspondían aproximadamente a lo que se conoce como Alta Silesia , mientras que los territorios que permanecieron con Boleslao I correspondían aproximadamente a Baja Silesia .
Baja Silesia
El Ducado de Baja Silesia era una continuación directa del Ducado de Silesia, pero sin los territorios que aproximadamente se correspondían con la Alta Silesia ; por lo tanto, estaba compuesto por los territorios que aproximadamente se correspondían con la Baja Silesia . Algunas fuentes se refieren a él como el Ducado de Silesia; algunas como el Ducado de Baja Silesia; otras aún como el Ducado de Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław era la capital del Ducado de Silesia, pero este temprano (1172-1248) Ducado de Silesia no debe confundirse con el Ducado de Wrocław más pequeño que se creó con una mayor fragmentación en 1248. El Ducado pasó por varios cambios de fronteras en los años siguientes, a veces perdiendo y a veces ganando territorio. En 1248 la Baja Silesia se dividió cuando Boleslao II tuvo que ceder el Ducado de Wrocław a su hermano menor Enrique III.
Alta Silesia
La Alta Silesia fue dividida en los ducados de Cieszyn y Opole-Racibórz. En 1340 el ducado de Racibórz fue unido a Opava, un feudo de Bohemia.
PiastDuques de Silesia
Repartos de la Silesia polaca bajo la dinastía Piast
A continuación se muestra una tabla simplificada de las particiones de Silesia:
Un recordatorio rápido para evitar confusiones:
Tabla de gobernantes
Přemyslid Dukes of Silesia
Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty
Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:
Table of rulers
- The numbering of the Silesian Premyslid rulers is a problematic matter between scholars, as different sources numbers and orders them differently.
Podiebrad Dukes of Silesia
Partitions of Silesia under Podiebrad dynasty
Table of rulers
The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa
Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław
- 1302–1319 Henry of Wiebrzno
- 1326–1341 Nankier
- 1342–1376 Przecław of Pogarell
- 1382–1417 Wenceslaus II of Legnica
- 1417–1447 Konrad IV of Oleśnica
- 1447–1456 Peter II Nowak
- 1456–1467 Jošt of Rožmberk
- 1468–1482 Rudolf of Rüdesheim
- 1482–1506 Jan IV Roth
- 1506–1520 Jan V Thurzo
- 1520–1539 Jacob of Salza
- 1539–1562 Balthazar of Promnitz
- 1562–1574 Caspar of Logau
- 1574–1585 Martin Gerstmann
- 1585–1596 Andreas Jerin
- 1596–1599 Bonaventura Hahn
- 1599–1600 Paul Albert of Radolfzell
- 1600–1608 Jan VI of Sitsch
- 1608–1624 Charles of Austria, son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria
- 1625–1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa, Duke of Opole from 1648
- 1656–1662 Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg
- 1663–1664 Charles Joseph of Habsburg, also Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1662
- 1665–1671 Sebastian von Rostock
- 1671–1682 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt
- 1683–1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
- 1732–1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf
Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.
- 1747–1795 Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch
- 1795–1817 Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
Prussian part secularised in 1810.
- 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
- 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
- 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
- 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock
Theocracy abolished in 1850.
See also
- List of Polish rulers
- Piast dynasty
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Little Poland
- Dukes of Cuiavia
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
References
- ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
- ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
- ^ The dukes changed their capital to Chojnów in early 1440's, and sold the town of Lubin to Głogów, which was bought back in 1482 by Legnica. The recovery of Legnica by Chojnów (1454) recentered the capital to this recovered town, and, until 1488, the territory of Chojnów and later Lubin became part of the Legnica. Lubin re-emerged in 1488, but was definitely annexed to Legnica in 1550
- ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
- ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481 and Lubin from Głogów in 1482
- ^ Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Conrad I of Głogów and Conrad I of Oleśnica, later inheritor of a part of Głogów.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Żagań, Henry IV the Faithful
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Conrad II of Żagań, known as the Hunchback and Conrad II of Oleśnica, known as the Gray.
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry V of Legnica and Henry V of Żagań
- ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
- ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry VI of Wrocław, known as the Good and Henry VI of Żagań, known as the Elder
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
- ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
- ^ Documented as such in 1340.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
- ^ a b c Avoid confusion between the Lower Silesian Wenceslaus I of Legnica, and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn and Wenceslaus I of Zator
- ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
- ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
- ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
- ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
- ^ a b c Avoid confusion between Lower Silesian Wenceslaus II of Legnica and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus II of Zator and Wenceslaus II of Cieszyn
- ^ Numbered higher, as Henry VII of Brzeg, despite succeeding to his father only in 1398, was co-ruling with his father since 1361, sooner than Henry VIII's ascension.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry VIII of Legnica and Henry VIII of Głogów, known as the Sparrow
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII of Brzeg known as the Courageous or with a Scar and Henry VII of Głogów, known as Rumpold or the Middle
- ^ a b Note that both Henry VII and his nephew Henry X bore the surname Rumpold
- ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
- ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between the contemporary dukes John I of Żagań and John I of Opole
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Żagań. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his uncle, Henry VI.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry X of Lubin and Henry X of Głogów.
- ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361.
- ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
- ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
- ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
- ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
- ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
- ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
- ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
- ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
- ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
- ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06
Bibliography
- Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403–407
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845–847
Sites
http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm