The monarchs of Brazil (Portuguese: monarcas do Brasil) were the imperial heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the republican coup d'état that overthrew the Empire of Brazil in 1889.[1]
The coast of the territory which would become known as Brazil was first explored by Portuguese navigators on 22 April 1500. This territory was subsequently colonized by the Portuguese crown. Since the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808, colonial rule had de facto ended. On 16 December 1815, Prince Regent John, the future king John VI, raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning queen, the first monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as king of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy. Having proclaimed independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, deposed along with the 74-year-old monarchy on 15 November 1889 in a bloodless and unpopular military coup d'état.
Title
From 16 December 1815 to 7 September 1822, while the Kingdom of Brazil was in union with the Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch's full title and styles were, according to tradition and the United Kingdom's 1822 Constitution: By the Grace of God, King/Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.[2]
From 12 October 1822 to 15 November 1889, as the independent Empire of Brazil, the country's monarch's full title were: By Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor/Empress and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.
Cabe destacar que, durante un breve período, entre el 15 de noviembre de 1825 y el 10 de marzo de 1826, según el Tratado de Río de Janeiro , por el cual Portugal reconoció la independencia de Brasil, se le otorgó al rey Juan VI el título honorífico de Emperador de Brasil, mientras que su hijo era el emperador reinante. Desde la fecha del tratado hasta su muerte, Juan VI utilizó el título: Por la Gracia de Dios, Juan VI, Emperador de Brasil, Rey de Portugal y de los Algarves, de ambos lados del mar en África, Señor de Guinea y de la Conquista, la Navegación y el Comercio de Etiopía, Arabia, Persia e India, etc. [ 2 ]
Reino de Brasil (1815–1822)
La casa de Braganza continuó gobernando Brasil, y el 16 de diciembre de 1815, el príncipe regente João, futuro rey Juan VI, elevó a Brasil a la categoría de reino, convirtiendo así a su madre, María I, la reina reinante, en la primera monarca de Brasil. Al año siguiente, el 20 de marzo de 1816, Juan sucedió a su madre como rey de la monarquía unificada luso-brasileña.
Imperio de Brasil (1822–1889)
La Casa de Braganza continuó gobernando Brasil después de que Pedro I, hijo de Juan VI, fuera aclamado primer emperador de Brasil el 12 de octubre de 1822, tras proclamar la independencia del Reino de Brasil de Portugal. Posteriormente, el 7 de abril de 1831, le sucedió su hijo Pedro II, el último monarca de Brasil. Pedro II reinó durante 58 años, de los cuales los primeros 9 transcurrieron en regencias debido a su minoría de edad.
Véase también
Referencias
External links
- Monarchs of Brazil (1815–1889)
- Lists of monarchs
- Lists of Brazilian people by occupation
- Brazil history-related lists
- Monarchs of Brazil