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Freighthopping

Freight-hopping youth near Bakersfield, California ( National Youth Administration , 1940) Freighthopping or trainhopping is the act of boarding and riding a freightcar without ...

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Freight-hopping youth near Bakersfield, California (National Youth Administration, 1940)

Freighthopping or trainhopping is the act of boarding and riding a freightcar without permission. This activity itself is often considered to be illegal, although this varies by jurisdiction. It may be associated with other illegal activities such as theft, vagrancy, or trespassing.

Train surfing is a similar activity that involves the act of riding on the outside of a moving train, tram or another rail transport, without paying a due fare.

History

For a variety of reasons the practice is less common in the 21st century, although a community of freight-train riders still exists.[1]

Riding on the rooftop of a hopper car

Typically, hoppers will go to a rail yard where trains stop to pick up and unload freight and switch out crew. They will either board a freight car in some fashion unseen or "catch one on the fly" once it has begun to move.[2]

Dangers

Ernest Hemingway hopping a freight train to get to Walloon Lake (1916)

Riding outside a freight car, whether atop or underneath, is dangerous.[3]

Today

Hopping trains happens all over the world in various styles, and practices and legal penalties vary by region. Some places are more critical and consider freight hopping a crime, and other places are more lenient.

Europe

Freight-hopping exists in various countries and across borders, including the Eurostar[4] and Eurotunnel Shuttle[5] as a route for migrants to cross the English Channel from France into England.

United States

Union Pacific Railroad in the United States encourages people who witness transients on freight trains to report them to its dispatch center. According to a sheriff's deputy from Lincoln County, Nebraska, train hoppers no longer write symbols on trees and buildings, but there is still a network of train hoppers that occurs mostly online.[6]

Australia

Australia has a small community of freight-hoppers, consisting mainly of teens and young adults, who hop for various reasons, including family issues, and more. They are found mostly in the major cities, and lines, such as the Brisbane–Sydney line, and other major freight routes. The community is very tight, and difficult to get into. Most media regarding modern hopping in Australia is private, or hard to find.

Mexico

A freight train with freight hoppers in Mexico

Se estima que anualmente entre 400.000 y 500.000 migrantes —la mayoría de los cuales provienen de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras— se suben a trenes de carga en un intento por llegar a los Estados Unidos. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Los trenes de carga son conocidos como La Bestia .

Mauritania

En el Ferrocarril de Mauritania , los vagones de carga pueden viajar libremente con su mercancía debido a la falta de carretera entre Zouérat y Nouadhibou . [ 9 ]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ "Bibliografía de vagabundos" . Centro Black Butte para la Cultura Ferroviaria . Consultado el 20 de junio de 2024 .
  2. ↑ Iverson, Wayne (2010). Hobo Sapien . Robert Reed Publishers. ISBN 978-1-934759-43-1.
  3. ↑ "Niño gravemente herido al intentar saltar de un tren en el noreste de Filadelfia" . Newsworks.org . Associated Press. Archivado del original el 26 de agosto de 2017. Consultado el 22 de julio de 2017 .
  4. ↑ "Polizones realizan un viaje de 240 millas bajo el Eurostar" . Independent.co.uk . 11 de junio de 1997.
  5. ↑ "Polizones burlan la seguridad del túnel" . TheGuardian.com . 10 de abril de 2002.
  6. ↑ Johnson, Heather (28 de agosto de 2018). "Viajando en tren" . The North Platte Telegraph .
  7. ↑ Sorrentino, Joseph (26 de noviembre de 2012). "Tren de los desconocidos" . Commonweal . Consultado el 25 de mayo de 2013 .
  8. ↑ "Víctimas invisibles: migrantes en movimiento en México" . Amnistía Internacional Publishers. 28 de abril de 2010. Consultado el 25 de mayo de 2013 .
  9. ↑ Mykolas, Juodele (24 de julio de 2017). "Viajando en tren de carga en Mauritania: 4000 kilómetros en un vagón de carga con pastores locales y sus ovejas" . Bored Panda . Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2020 .

Lecturas adicionales

  • Uys, Errol Lincoln (2003). Viajando en tren: Adolescentes en movimiento durante la Gran Depresión : Routledge. ISBN 0415945755La Gran Depresión: La historia de 250.000 adolescentes que abandonaron sus hogares y viajaron en tren.
  • "Viajando en tren" , American Experience . Serie de PBS.
  • Conover, Ted (2001). Rolling Nowhere: Riding the Rails with America's Hoboes . Vintage. ISBN 0375727868Archivado el 18 de febrero de 2021 en Wayback Machine .
  • Cartas de vagabundos Cartas de niños que viajaban en vagones de tren durante la Gran Depresión