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Gadolinium(III) sulfate

{{Cite book |last=Perry |first=Dale L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFD30BvPBhoC |title=Handbook of Inorganic Compounds |date=2016-04-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978...

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Gadolinium(III) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formulaGd2(SO4)3. The octahydrate forms colorless monoclinic crystals.

Structure and properties

The octahydrate forms monoclinic crystals where Gd is coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms of crystal water and 4 oxygens of sulfate giving rise to a distorted square antiprism.[2]

It dehydrates in a two-step mechanism occurring between 130 and 306 °C, forming an amorphous solid. Recrystallization occurs between 380 and 411 °C, forming β-Gd2(SO4)3. A monotropic phase transition occurs at about 750 °C, forming α-Gd2(SO4)3 (space group: C2/c, a = 9.097 Å, b = 14.345 Å, c = 6.234 Å, β = 97.75°). Upon further heating, the oxysulfate (Gd2O2SO4) forms at 900 °C, which decomposes into cubicgadolinium oxide at 1200 °C.[2]

Preparation

The octahydrate can be prepared by treating gadolinium oxide with sulfuric acid.[4]

Applications

Gadolinium sulfate was introduced into the Super-Kamiokandeneutrino observatory in order to improve its neutron detection efficiency.[5]

It is used in adiabatic demagnetization to achieve cryogenic temperatures.[6]

References

  1. ↑Perry, Dale L. (2016-04-19). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
  2. 123Hummel, H.-U.; Fischer, E.; Fischer, T.; Joerg, P.; Pezzei, G. (April 1993). "Struktur und thermisches Verhalten von Gadolinium(III)-sulfat-Octahydrat Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · 8 H 2 O". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 619 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1002/zaac.19936190429. ISSN 0044-2313.
  3. ↑ PubChem. "Ácido sulfúrico, sal de gadolinio(3+) (3:2)" . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Consultado el 14 de abril de 2026 .
  4. ↑ Coulter, Lowell V.; Latimer, Wendell M. (septiembre de 1940). "El calor de disolución del octahidrato de sulfato de gadolinio y la entropía del ion gadolinio" . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 62 (9): 2557. Bibcode : 1940JAChS..62.2557C . doi : 10.1021/ja01866a502 . ISSN 0002-7863 . 
  5. ^ Abe, K.; Bronner, C.; Hayato, Y.; Hiraide, K.; Ikeda, M.; Imaizumi, S.; Kameda, J.; Kanemura, Y.; Kataoka, Y. (15 de diciembre de 2021), "Primera carga de gadolinio en Super-Kamiokande" , Instrumentos y métodos nucleares en la investigación en física A , 1027 166248, arXiv : 2109.00360 , Bibcode : 2022NIMPA102766248A , doi : 10.1016/j.nima.2021.166248 , consultado el 14 de abril de 2026
  6. ↑ Giauque, WF; MacDougall, DP (1935-07-01). "La producción de temperaturas inferiores a un grado absoluto mediante desmagnetización adiabática del sulfato de gadolinio" . Journal of the American Chemical Society . 57 (7): 1175– 1185. Bibcode : 1935JAChS..57.1175G . doi : 10.1021/ja01310a007 . Consultado el 14 de abril de 2026 .

Lecturas adicionales

  • Judge, WD; Ng, KL; Moldoveanu, GA; Kolliopoulos, G.; Papangelakis, VG; Azimi, G. (2023-04-01). "Solubilidades de sulfatos de tierras raras pesadas en agua (gadolinio a lutecio) y soluciones de H2SO4 (disprosio)" . Hydrometallurgy . 218 106054. doi : 10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106054 . ISSN 0304-386X .