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Heckler & Koch UMP

La Heckler & Koch UMP ( Universale Maschinenpistole , en alemán "Pistola Ametralladora Universal") es una subametralladora desarrollada y fabricada por Heckler & Koch . Heckler ...

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La Heckler & Koch UMP ( Universale Maschinenpistole , en alemán "Pistola Ametralladora Universal") es una subametralladora desarrollada y fabricada por Heckler & Koch . Heckler & Koch desarrolló la UMP como una sucesora más ligera y económica de la MP5 , aunque ambas siguen en producción. [ 4 ] La UMP ha sido adoptada por varios países, incluidos Brasil, Canadá y Estados Unidos. Algunas de estas armas tuvieron un uso limitado en los primeros años de la insurgencia iraquí , lo que las convierte en una de las subametralladoras más populares desplegadas por el personal militar estadounidense en conflictos recientes alrededor del mundo.

La UMP se puede convertir de 9×19 mm Parabellum, .40 S&W o .45 ACP cambiando el cañón, el cerrojo y el cargador. Anteriormente, la UMP estaba disponible en varios calibres; sin embargo, debido a la disminución del uso global de .40 S&W y .45 ACP, solo se fabrica la variante de 9 mm Parabellum. Aún se pueden conseguir piezas para las variantes de calibre .40 S&W y .45 ACP. [ 2 ]

Historia

La UMP fue diseñada en la década de 1990 por Heckler & Koch (HK) como una alternativa más barata y ligera a la MP5, [ 5 ] que utilizaba polímeros en gran medida. [ 6 ] La UMP entró en producción por primera vez en el año 2000. [ 2 ] Fue diseñada principalmente para su uso por unidades militares y policiales estadounidenses, [ 7 ] ya que la MP5 no estaba disponible en .45 ACP, una munición popular en Estados Unidos, pero no en Europa. [ 8 ] A pesar de las mejoras y el menor costo de la UMP, no reemplazó a la MP5, que terminó vendiéndose más que la UMP. [ 9 ]

Recordar

En 2000, H&K retiró del mercado ciertos números de serie de UMP y USC debido a fallas en las manijas de operación. Las manijas defectuosas, hechas de polímero, podían romperse, dejando las armas inoperables. [ 10 ]

Detalles del diseño

La UMP es una subametralladora de retroceso directo , alimentada por cargador, que dispara con cerrojo cerrado . [ 11 ] El diseño de cerrojo cerrado aumenta la precisión, lo cual es particularmente deseable en un contexto policial. [ 8 ] Sin embargo, el sencillo diseño de retroceso directo de la UMP la hace menos controlable que la MP5. [ 12 ]

The UMP was originally designed for larger cartridges such as the .40 S&W and .45 ACP, to provide more stopping power against unarmoured targets, with slightly lower effectiveness at longer ranges. A larger cartridge produces more recoil and makes it harder to control in fully automatic fire. To mitigate the excessive recoil, Heckler & Koch designed the UMP to have a cyclic rate of around 600 rounds per minute, though the rate of fire increases up to 700 rounds per minute if (+ P) ammunition is used.[3][11]

Heckler & Koch MP5A5 (top), MP5A4 (middle) and UMP9 (bottom), on display at a Navy armoury exhibition

The UMP9 (the 9×19mm variant of the UMP) is almost 0.2 kilograms (0.44 lb) lighter than the MP5. It has a cyclic rate of around 600–750 rounds per minute.[2] Its predominantly polymer construction reduces both its weight and the number of parts susceptible to corrosion.[11][13]

The UMP is available in four trigger group configurations, featuring different combinations of semi-automatic, 2-round burst, fully automatic, and safe settings. It features a side-folding buttstock to reduce its length during transport. When the last round of the UMP is fired, the bolt locks open, and can be released via a catch on the left side. The iron sights consist of an aperture rear sight and a front ring with a vertical post. It can mount four Picatinny rails (one on top of the receiver, and one on the right, left, and bottom of the handguard) for mounting accessories such as optical sights, tactical lights, or laser sights. Vertical foregrips can be attached to the bottom rail for better control during burst and automatic fire.[11]

Variants

UMP9 (top) and MP5 E6 (bottom) on display at Military University of Technology

The UMP is interchangeable between three different calibres:

The UMP9, chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum

The UMP40, chambered in .40 S&W

The UMP45, chambered in .45 ACP

Apart from the different chambering, all versions feature the same design model, the exterior differences being the curved magazine used on the UMP9, while both the UMP40 and UMP45 each use a straight magazine. All three versions of the weapon can be cross-converted to any of the round chamberings by replacing the bolt, barrel, and magazine.[11][13]

The USC or Universal Self-loading Carbine is a semi-automatic-only variant of the UMP designed for civilian use. It was created following the Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 in the United States and was introduced in 2000. Changes from the original UMP include a "thumbhole" type stock/grip instead of the pistol grip of the UMP, a longer barrel without the flash suppressor, a magazine limited to 10 rounds, and a semi-automatic-only trigger group and action.[14] Originally available in grey, as of 2008 the USC came only in an all-black finish.[15]

Production of the USC was halted in 2013.[16] In 2018, H&K announced a limited production run of new USC rifles.

Clones

  • Omega Gideon Shadow – American clone of the UMP released in 2017.[17]
  • Tommy Built Tactical TMP/KSM – American clone of the UMP.
  • DefGunz DEF9 – American clone of the UMP receiver released in 2024.
  • S5 Tactical SMP – American clone of the UMP receiver released in 2025.[18]

Users

UOPI operator with a UMP9

See also

Modern closed-bolt blowback submachine guns

References

  1. ↑"UMP9". Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  2. 1234"Heckler & Koch UMP - Info Sheet"(PDF). Heckler & Koch USA. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-12-24. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
  3. 12345Manual, HK UMP. "HK UMP40 and UMP45 Manual"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 2018-05-16.
  4. ↑"Heckler & Koch – Group Website". Heckler-koch.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  5. ↑"Roller-Delayed Revival: The Heckler & Koch SP5K". American Rifleman. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
  6. ↑ Mizokami, Kyle (23 de julio de 2018). "He aquí: Las 5 mejores carabinas de calibre de pistola (PCC) del planeta (Heckler & Koch es una de ellas)" . The National Interest . Consultado el 4 de abril de 2021 .
  7. ↑ "UMP9" . HK USA . Consultado el 4 de abril de 2021 .
  8. 1 2 McCollum, Ian (2020-03-06). "H&K UMP: Un subfusil H&K hecho para .40 y .45" . Forgotten Weapons . Recuperado el 2021-04-04 .
  9. ↑ Gao, Charlie (14 de noviembre de 2019). "Olvídese del sigilo y los misiles: conozca las mejores armas del ejército ruso (todo en una sola lista)" . The National Interest . Consultado el 4 de abril de 2021 .
  10. ↑ "HK retira armas de fuego". Shooting Industry . General OneFile. Abril de 2000. pág. 10. 
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Cutshaw, Charles Q (2011). Armas tácticas de pequeño calibre del siglo XXI: Una guía completa de armas de pequeño calibre de todo el mundo . Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pág. 156. ISBN  978-1-4402-2709-7Archivado del original el 11 de junio de 2016. Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2013 .
  12. ↑ Gao, Charlie (2018-12-08). "Presentando las 5 peores armas de Alemania" . The National Interest . Recuperado el 2021-04-04 .
  13. 1 2 Dockery, Kevin (2007). Armas del futuro . Nueva York: Penguin Group US. págs. 383–385 . ISBN  978-1-101-20618-8Archivado del original el 6 de mayo de 2016. Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2013 .
  14. ↑ Peterson, Phillip (19 de agosto de 2011). Gun Digest Book of Modern Gun Values . Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pág. 324. ISBN  978-1-4402-1833-0Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2013 .
  15. ↑ Ramage, Ken (2008). Gun Digest 2009: El mejor libro de armas del mundo . Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. pág. 176. ISBN  978-0-89689-647-5Archivado del original el 18 de junio de 2018. Consultado el 8 de agosto de 2013 .
  16. ↑ "H&K suspende las ventas en USC - The Firearm Blog" . The Firearm Blog . 2 de mayo de 2013. Archivado del original el 3 de enero de 2015. Consultado el 3 de enero de 2015 .
  17. ↑"Omega Gideon Shadow – UMP Pistol – Atlantic Firearms". 18 October 2017.
  18. ↑C, Luke (August 14, 2025). "TFB Behind the Gun #179: Cloning Germans w/ Bo from S5 Tactical". thefirearmblog.com.
  19. ↑Rolfe, Peter (January 1, 2012). "Siege and hold up could be linked". Sunday Herald Sun. Retrieved 2013-11-22. |
  20. ↑"Sydney Siege". 8 January 2015.
  21. 12"Novas submetralhadoras 9x19mm para as Forças Especiais". Defesa Aérea & Naval. August 8, 2016. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  22. ↑Ball, Vincent. "Police give valuable inside look at tactical unit". Brantford Expositor. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
  23. ↑Alain Henry de Frahan (10 July 2018). "Nouveaux pistolets et pistolets mitrailleurs pour les forces de l'ordre françaises". forcesoperations.com..
  24. ↑"Immersion dans l'usine secrète de la police". Le Parisien.fr. 18 March 2017..
  25. ↑"Nouveaux pistolets et pistolets mitrailleurs pour les forces de l'ordre françaises". forcesoperations.com. 10 July 2018..
  26. ↑"Armament of the Georgian Army". Geo-army.ge. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
  27. ↑Shea, Dan (Spring 2009). "SOFEX 2008". Small Arms Defense Journal, p. 29.
  28. ↑Jones, Richard (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009–2010. Jane's Information Group. p. 898. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  29. 12"Annual Report 2011 > Landespolizei"(PDF) (in German). Landespolizei. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
  30. ↑"About the Security Corps > Landespolizei"(PDF) (in German). Landespolizei. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
  31. ↑Wangguang, Lei (2015-03-21). "Langkawi Airshow / PASKAL─Sea Dragon special warfare/蘭卡威航展／PASKAL─大馬海中特戰蛟龍". Youth Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-01-07. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
  32. ↑Mohd Husaini Kamal (2011-06-24). "Kursus Pengendalian Senjata Kecil di WILSAR" (in Malay). Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  33. ↑Montes, Julio A. (July 2009). "Small Arms in Mexico". Small Arms Review. 12 (10): 88.
  34. ↑"wiw_sa_paraguay - worldinventory". 2016-11-24. Archived from the original on 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2023-03-07.
  35. ↑"Uzbrojenie - O Policji" (in Polish). Info.Policja.pl. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  36. ↑Ferreira, Bryan (8 October 2020). "Portuguese Military – Special Operations and Elite Units". Spec Ops Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  37. ↑"Press Release". Ministerul Apărării Naționale. 18 September 2012.
  38. ↑"SEAL-ul romanesc se antreneaza in tacere - Romania Libera" (in Romanian). romanialibera.ro. 12 October 2008. Archived from the original on 2017-07-14. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
  39. ↑"Kalibar | Tekst" (in Serbian). Kalibar.rs. Archived from the original on 2016-04-13. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
  40. ↑"5th Regiment of Special Assignment". Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  41. ↑"South African Police Training Overview"(PDF). The Marikana Commission of Inquiry. South African Police Service. p. 78. Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  42. ↑"El Ejército de Tierra necesita adquirir fusiles, subfusiles y ametralladoras de H&K por 4,8 millones de euros". Infodefensa.com (in Spanish). 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  43. ↑Krieger, Jim (9 March 2010). "Guns of the United States Border Patrol". Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  44. ↑Barry, Dan (14 March 2010). "A Quiet Evening, Waiting for the Next Angry Man". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  45. ↑FOX 5 Atlanta (2017-09-13), I-Team: Police Shooting Justified Says Henry County District Attorney, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2018-11-09{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  46. ↑"Our Organization". City of Charlotte Government. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  47. ↑Driscoll, Kenny (29 December 2022). "Baltimore Police Weapons". Baltimore Police Museum. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  • 2008 Heckler & Koch Military and LE brochure
  • Nazarian's Gun Recognition Guide – H&K UMP Demonstration (MOV)
  • Modern Firearms: Heckler & Koch UMP
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