Lista de monarcas húngaros

Esta es una lista de monarcas húngaros ; incluye a los grandes príncipes (895–1000) y a los reyes y reinas gobernantes de Hungría (1000–1918).

El Gran Principado de Hungría se estableció alrededor de 895, después de la conquista húngara del siglo IX de la cuenca de los Cárpatos . El Reino de Hungría existió desde 1000 hasta 1001 con la coronación del rey san Esteban. La dinastía Árpád , los descendientes de la línea masculina del Gran Príncipe Árpád , gobernó Hungría continuamente desde 895 hasta 1301. El cristianismo fue adoptado como la religión estatal para el Reino de Hungría por el rey san Esteban y los reyes de la dinastía Árpád usaron el título de rey apostólico . Los descendientes de la dinastía dieron al mundo el mayor número de santos y beatos de una sola familia. ^[1] Por lo tanto, desde el siglo XIII a la dinastía se la ha denominado a menudo la "Edad de los Santos Reyes". La dinastía Árpád gobernó la cuenca de los Cárpatos durante cuatrocientos años, influyendo en casi toda Europa a través de sus extensas conexiones dinásticas. ^[2] El linaje paterno de la dinastía Árpád llegó a su fin en 1301 con la muerte del rey Andrés III de Hungría , y todos los reyes posteriores de Hungría (con la excepción del rey Matías Corvino ) fueron descendientes cognaticionos de la dinastía Árpád. En 1918, después de la Primera Guerra Mundial , el rey Carlos IV "renunció a la participación" en los asuntos estatales, pero no abdicó. El Reino de Hungría existió como país desde 1920 hasta 1946, y representó oficialmente a la monarquía húngara , pero en realidad no había rey.

Caciques antes de la conquista

Grandes Príncipes de Hungría

Casa de Árpád

La lista de reyes de la primera mitad del siglo X es objeto de controversia, ya que la nación húngara estaba formada por varias tribus dirigidas por distintos líderes. La lista propuesta con más frecuencia es la siguiente:

Reyes de Hungría

Casa de Árpád (1000-1301)

Casa de los Premislidas (1301-1305)

Casa de Wittelsbach (1305-1307)

Casa de Anjou (1308-1395)

Casa de Luxemburgo (1387-1437)

Casa de Habsburgo (1437-1457)

Casa de Jagellón (1440-1444)

Casa de Hunyadi (1458-1490)

Casa de Jagellón (1490-1526)

El rey Luis II de Hungría murió en la batalla de Mohács en 1526. Tras la muerte del rey húngaro, tanto la familia noble húngara Zápolya como la familia Habsburgo de Austria reclamaron todo el reino. El rey Juan I de Hungría gobernó el Reino Húngaro Oriental y los Habsburgo gobernaron la parte occidental de Hungría.

Casa de Zápolya (1526-1540)

Casa de Habsburgo (1526-1564)

Casa de Zápolya (1540-1570)

Los Habsburgo intentaron varias veces unificar a toda Hungría bajo su dominio, pero el Imperio Otomano lo impidió apoyando al Reino de Hungría Oriental . El rey Juan I murió en 1540, las fuerzas de los Habsburgo sitiaron Buda, la capital húngara, en 1541, el sultán Suleiman dirigió una fuerza de socorro y derrotó a los Habsburgo, los otomanos capturaron la ciudad mediante un truco durante el Sitio de Buda y las áreas central y sur del reino quedaron bajo la autoridad del Imperio Otomano , por lo que Hungría se dividió en tres partes . El borde noroccidental del reino húngaro permaneció sin conquistar y reconoció a los miembros de la Casa de Habsburgo como reyes de Hungría , dándole el nombre de " Hungría Real ". El Reino de Hungría Oriental es el predecesor del Principado de Transilvania , que fue establecido por el Tratado de Espira en 1570 y el Rey de Hungría Oriental se convirtió en el primer Príncipe de Transilvania . El Principado de Transilvania era un estado semiindependiente y un estado vasallo del Imperio Otomano, continuó siendo parte del Reino de Hungría en el sentido del derecho público, las posesiones de Juan Segismundo pertenecían a la Santa Corona de Hungría y eran un símbolo de la supervivencia del Estado húngaro.

Casa de Bethlen (1620-1621)

Casa de Habsburgo (1564-1780)

House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1918)

Timeline

Family tree

References

^[11]
^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

^ Horváth-Lugossy, Gábor; Makoldi, Miklós (2022). Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. pp. 15, 21, 35, 41. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.
^ Makoldi, Miklós (2022). Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. p. 22. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.
^ On 27 August 1310, Archbishop Thomas of Esztergom put the Holy Crown on Charles's head in Székesfehérvár. Thus, Charles's third coronation was performed in full accordance with customary law.
^ a b Through 3 Hungarian princesses of the Árpád dynasty:

Mary, her father → Louis I of Hungary, his father → Charles I of Hungary, his father → Charles Martel of Anjou, his mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

Mary, her father → Louis I of Hungary, his mother → Elizabeth of Poland, her mother → Jadwiga of Kalisz, her mother → Yolanda of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Mary, her mother → Elizabeth of Bosnia, her father → Stephen II of Bosnia, his mother → Elizabeth of Serbia, his mother → Catherine of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary
^ Through 3 Hungarian princesses of the Árpád dynasty:

Sigismund, his father → Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, her mother → Elizabeth of Bohemia, her father → Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, her mother → Kunigunda of Halych, her mother → Anna of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Sigismund, his mother → Elizabeth of Pomerania, her mother → Elizabeth of Poland, her father → Casimir III of Poland, her mother → Jadwiga of Kalisz, her mother → Yolanda of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Sigismund, his father → Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, her mother → Elizabeth of Bohemia, her father → Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, his father → Ottokar II of Bohemia, his father → Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary
^ Vladislaus I, his father → Władysław II Jagiełło, her mother → Uliana of Tver, her mother → Anastasia of Halych, his father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary
^ Connections to the Árpád dynasty:

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Czersk-Warsaw, her mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Masovia, her father → Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, his father → Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia, his mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Greater Poland, her father → Władysław Odonic, his father → Odon of Poznań, his mother → Elizabeth of Hungary, her father → Béla II of Hungary
^ Connections to the Árpád dynasty:

Ferdinand I, his father → Philip I of Castile, his father → Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, his father → Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, his mother → Cymburgis of Masovia, her father → Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, his father → Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia, his mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary
(same line until Cymburgis of Masovia, her mother → Alexandra of Lithuania, her mother → Uliana of Tver, her mother → Anastasia of Galicia [it], her father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary)

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her father → Ferdinand II of Aragon, his father → John II of Aragon, his father → Ferdinand I of Aragon, his mother → Eleanor of Aragon, her father → Peter IV of Aragon, his father → Alfonso IV of Aragon, his mother → Blanche of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her mother → Isabella I of Castile, her father → John II of Castile, his father → Henry III of Castile, his mother → Eleanor of Aragon, her mother → Eleanor of Sicily, her father → Peter II of Sicily, his mother → Eleanor of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary
(the above two lines across Eleanor of Aragon show four ways in the family tree)

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her father → Isabella I of Castile, her father → John II of Castile, his mother → Catherine of Lancaster, his father → John of Gaunt, his mother → Philippa of Hainault, her mother → Joan of Valois, her mother → Margaret, Countess of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary
^ wikibooks:hu:Fájl:Bethlen Gábor fejedelmi címere.jpg
^ In its 1849 Declaration of Independence the Hungarian National Assembly declared that Joseph II was not a true King of Hungary because he was never crowned with the Crown of St. Stephen.
^ Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998
^ Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938
^ Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986
^ Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885
^ Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985

External links

[:0-1] Horváth-Lugossy, Gábor; Makoldi, Miklós (2022). Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. pp. 15, 21, 35, 41. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.

[:1-2] Makoldi, Miklós (2022). Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds (PDF). Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. p. 22. ISBN 978-615-6117-65-6.

[3] On 27 August 1310, Archbishop Thomas of Esztergom put the Holy Crown on Charles's head in Székesfehérvár. Thus, Charles's third coronation was performed in full accordance with customary law.

[:2-4] Through 3 Hungarian princesses of the Árpád dynasty:

Mary, her father → Louis I of Hungary, his father → Charles I of Hungary, his father → Charles Martel of Anjou, his mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

Mary, her father → Louis I of Hungary, his mother → Elizabeth of Poland, her mother → Jadwiga of Kalisz, her mother → Yolanda of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Mary, her mother → Elizabeth of Bosnia, her father → Stephen II of Bosnia, his mother → Elizabeth of Serbia, his mother → Catherine of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

[5] Through 3 Hungarian princesses of the Árpád dynasty:

Sigismund, his father → Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, her mother → Elizabeth of Bohemia, her father → Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, her mother → Kunigunda of Halych, her mother → Anna of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Sigismund, his mother → Elizabeth of Pomerania, her mother → Elizabeth of Poland, her father → Casimir III of Poland, her mother → Jadwiga of Kalisz, her mother → Yolanda of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

Sigismund, his father → Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, her mother → Elizabeth of Bohemia, her father → Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, his father → Ottokar II of Bohemia, his father → Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

[6] Vladislaus I, his father → Władysław II Jagiełło, her mother → Uliana of Tver, her mother → Anastasia of Halych, his father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

[7] Connections to the Árpád dynasty:

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Czersk-Warsaw, her mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Masovia, her father → Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, his father → Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia, his mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, his mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary

John I, his mother → Hedwig of Cieszyn, her father → Przemysław II, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Bolesław I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, his father → Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn, his mother → Euphemia of Greater Poland, her father → Władysław Odonic, his father → Odon of Poznań, his mother → Elizabeth of Hungary, her father → Béla II of Hungary

[8] Connections to the Árpád dynasty:

Ferdinand I, his father → Philip I of Castile, his father → Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, his father → Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, his mother → Cymburgis of Masovia, her father → Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, his father → Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia, his mother → Maria of Galicia, her father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary
(same line until Cymburgis of Masovia, her mother → Alexandra of Lithuania, her mother → Uliana of Tver, her mother → Anastasia of Galicia [it], her father → Yuri I of Galicia, her mother → Constance of Hungary, her father → Béla IV of Hungary)

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her father → Ferdinand II of Aragon, his father → John II of Aragon, his father → Ferdinand I of Aragon, his mother → Eleanor of Aragon, her father → Peter IV of Aragon, his father → Alfonso IV of Aragon, his mother → Blanche of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her mother → Isabella I of Castile, her father → John II of Castile, his father → Henry III of Castile, his mother → Eleanor of Aragon, her mother → Eleanor of Sicily, her father → Peter II of Sicily, his mother → Eleanor of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary
(the above two lines across Eleanor of Aragon show four ways in the family tree)

Ferdinand I, his mother → Joanna I of Castile, her father → Isabella I of Castile, her father → John II of Castile, his mother → Catherine of Lancaster, his father → John of Gaunt, his mother → Philippa of Hainault, her mother → Joan of Valois, her mother → Margaret, Countess of Anjou, her mother → Mary of Hungary, her father → Stephen V of Hungary

[9] wikibooks:hu:Fájl:Bethlen Gábor fejedelmi címere.jpg

[10] In its 1849 Declaration of Independence the Hungarian National Assembly declared that Joseph II was not a true King of Hungary because he was never crowned with the Crown of St. Stephen.

[Ellenius-11] Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998

[Bálint-12] Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938

[Holčík-13] Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986

[Vértesy-14] Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885

[akadémia-15] Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985