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Existen varios partidos comunistas activos en diversos países del mundo, y otros que lo estuvieron en el pasado. Se diferencian no solo en su método, sino también en su ideología e interpretación, aunque generalmente se enmarcan dentro de la tradición marxista-leninista .
La formación de partidos comunistas en diversos países fue iniciada por los bolcheviques rusos dentro de la Internacional Comunista . Desde entonces, los partidos comunistas han gobernado numerosos países, ya sea como partidos gobernantes en estados unipartidistas como el Partido Comunista Chino o el Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética , o como partidos gobernantes en sistemas multipartidistas , incluyendo gobiernos mayoritarios y minoritarios, así como liderando o formando parte de diversas coaliciones.
Muchos otros partidos comunistas no gobernaron ningún país, pero sí un estado o región dentro de un país. Otros también han estado representados en parlamentos nacionales, estatales o regionales . Algunos partidos y corrientes de pensamiento comunistas rechazan el parlamentarismo y, en cambio, abogan por la insurrección o la revolución social, así como por los consejos obreros .
Gobernando oficialmente en estados comunistas
En los siguientes países, los partidos comunistas lideran la coalición gobernante o bien ostentan el monopolio del poder estatal, tal como lo definen las constituciones de sus respectivos países.
Gobierno o parte de la coalición gobernante en estados multipartidistas
Oposición principal o parte de la coalición de oposición principal.
Anteriormente gobernante
Sistema de partido único
Gobierno parlamentario mayoritario o minoritario
Socio o simpatizante de la coalición
Bulgaria (2005–2009, 2013–2014, 2021–2022) – Partido Comunista de Bulgaria , en gobierno de coalición como miembro de la Coalición por Bulgaria
Bélgica (1946-1947) – Partido Comunista de Bélgica , en el gobierno de Van Acker I.
Finlandia (1944-1948, 1966-1970, 1970-1971, 1975-1976 y 1977-1982) – Liga Democrática Popular Finlandesa , en gobiernos de coalición con numerosos otros partidos.
Francia (1981–1989; 1997–2002) – Partido Comunista Francés como parte de la Unión de la Izquierda y de la Izquierda Plurielle
India (2004–2008) – Partido Comunista de la India (Marxista) y Partido Comunista de la India , en el gobierno de coalición de la Alianza Progresista Unida.
Irán (1946) – Partido Tudeh de Irán , en el gobierno de coalición de Ahmad Qavam [ 2 ]
Italia (1998–2001, 2006–2008) – Partido de los Comunistas Italianos en el Gabinete de D'Alema I , Gabinete de D'Alema II , Gabinete de Amato II con El Olivo ; Partido de la Refundación Comunista y Partido de los Comunistas Italianos en el gobierno de coalición de La Unión
Malí (2005–2014) – Partido del Trabajo de Malí , participó en la Alianza por la Democracia en Malí.
Noruega (1945) – Partido Comunista de Noruega en gobierno de coalición como miembro del Primer Gabinete de Gerhardsen, liderado por el Partido Laborista.
Perú (2011–2016) – Partido Comunista del Perú , en gobiernos de coalición como miembro de Perú Wins
Portugal (2015–2019) – Partido Comunista Portugués en apoyo del XXI Gobierno Constitucional de Portugal liderado por el Partido Socialista.
San Marino (1945–1957, 1978–1992) – Partido Comunista de San Marino , en gobierno de coalición con el Partido Socialista de San Marino.
Sri Lanka (1970-1975, 1994-2000, 2004-2015 y 2020-2022) – Partido Comunista de Sri Lanka y Partido Lanka Sama Samaja , en gobiernos de coalición con numerosos otros partidos.
Uruguay (2005–2020) – Partido Comunista de Uruguay y Partido Victoria del Pueblo , en gobiernos de coalición como miembros del Frente Amplio.
No gobernante moderno
- All-Union Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS[17]
Formerly communist
Defunct
Once ruling
Non-ruling
Armenia – Armenian Workers Communist Party, Armenian Workers Union, Marxist Party of Armenia, Union of Communists of Armenia, Renewed Communist Party of Armenia
Australia – Communist Party of Australia
Barbados – Workers Party of Barbados
Basque Country – Auzolan, Communist Movement of Euskadi, Communist Party of the Basque Homelands, Euskadiko Sozialisten Batasuna, Euskal Herriko Alderdi Sozialista, Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia, Eusko Alderdi Sozialista, Herriko Alderdi Sozialista, Navarrese Left Union, Party of the Revolutionary Patriotic Workers, People's Socialist Revolutionary Party- Belgium – Union of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Belgium, founded in 1970[5][6]
- Belgium – Communist Party of Belgium – Marxist–Leninist, founded in 1976.
Brazil – Free Fatherland Party- Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party – Marxists
Burkina Faso – African Independence Party (Burkina Faso), Burkinabé Bolshevik Party, Burkinabé Communist Group, Marxist–Leninist Group, Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement, Party for Democracy and Socialism, Party of Labour of Burkina, Patriotic League for Development, Union of Burkinabé Communists, Union of Communist Struggles, Union of Communist Struggles – Reconstructed, Union of Communist Struggles – The Flame, Voltaic Communist Organization
Catalonia – Catalan Communist Party, Catalan-Balear Communist Federation, Workers and Peasants' Bloc, Catalan State-Proletarian Party, Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia, Socialist Party of National Liberation-Provisional, Party of the Communists of Catalonia
Canada – Labor-Progressive Party (legal front of the Communist Party of Canada from 1943 to 1959), Workers' Communist Party of Canada
Channel Islands – Jersey Communist Party
Chile – Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action), Revolutionary Left Movement
Colombia – Workers Revolutionary Party of Colombia
Costa Rica – Costa Rican People's Party
Cyprus – Communist Party of Cyprus
Cuba – Popular Socialist Party, joined Cuban Communist Party
El Salvador – Communist Party of El Salvador, merged into the FMLN
Eswatini – Swaziland Communist Party
Gambia – Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party
Georgia – Revived Communist Party of Georgia, Georgian Workers Communist Party, Communist Party of Georgia, New Communist Party of Georgia
Germany – Spartacist League formed in 1918 and became the Communist Party of Germany- West Germany – Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin, Communist Party of Germany (banned 1956 in West Germany)
Guatemala – Guatemalan Party of Labour, merged into the URNG
Haiti – Haitian Communist Party, Haitian Workers Party, Unified Party of Haitian Communists, merged into the National Reconstruction Movement in 1990
Honduras – Communist Party of Honduras, merged into the Patriotic Renewal Party
Iceland – Communist Party of Iceland, Communist Party of Iceland (Marxist–Leninist)- India – Indian Communist Party
Indonesia – Communist Party of Indonesia
Ireland – Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
Iraq – Leninist Group in the Iraqi Communist Movement
Israel – Maki (1948–1973) split in 1965 with formation of largely Arab Rakah which changed its name to Maki in 1989- Italy – Communist Party of Italy, Italian Communist Party of the Julian March, Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party, Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Party of Italy, Movement for Peace and Socialism, Movement for the Confederation of the Communists
Lebanon – Lebanese People's Party
Malaysia – Malayan Communist Party, North Kalimantan Communist Party
Mexico – Mexican Communist Party
Moldova – Communist Reformers Party of Moldova
Myanmar – Communist Party (Burma)
Namibia – Communist Party of Namibia
New Caledonia – Communist Party of New Caledonia[7]
Netherlands – Communist Party of the Netherlands merged into the GroenLinks in 1989, marxist-leninist dissidents within the party formed the NCPN in 1992.
New Zealand – Communist Party of New Zealand, Socialist Unity Party
Nigeria – Nigerian Communist Party, Socialist Workers and Farmers Party of Nigeria
North Korea – Workers' Party of North Korea- Norway – Workers' Communist Party merged into the Red Party
Palestine – Communist Party of Palestine (1921–1948)
Poland – Communist Party of Poland
Saudi Arabia – Communist Party in Saudi Arabia
South Korea – Workers' Party of South Korea
Switzerland – Party of Labour Basel, founded in 1944
Syria - Syrian Communist Party, Syrian Communist Party (Unified), Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)
Taiwan – Taiwanese Communist Party, China Communist Alliance, Communist Party of the Republic of China, Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
Tatarstan – Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan
Thailand – Communist Party of Thailand
Transnistria (unrecognized country) – Communist Party of Transnistria
Trieste – Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste, merged into the Italian Communist Party
Trinidad and Tobago – Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey – Communist Party of Turkey (1920-1988), Workers' Party of Turkey (1961-1971, 1975-1980), United Communist Party of Turkey, Labour Party of Turkey, People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey, Communist Labour Party of Turkey, Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Party of Turkey, Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey, TKP/ML Hareketi, TKP/ML New Build-Up Organization
United Kingdom – Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of Scotland
United States – Communist Party Marxist–Leninist, May 19th Communist Movement, Communist Workers Party, Black Panther Party, Communist Labor Party of America, International Socialist Organization
Left communist organizations by country
The following is a list of left communist organizations by country which list only those political organizations and parties who officially call themselves left communist ideologically and still exist.
See also
Notes
- ↑ Ideologically transformed parties which are currently in power
References
- ↑"Marxism-Leninism, socialism no longer relevant to PPP – Jagdeo". 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ↑Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 234–237. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
- ↑"Central Committee".
- ↑"Peru confirms new moderate-left cabinet". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
- ↑"Syndicalisme de combat et parti révolutionnaire". Anticapitalist Left (in French). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ↑"Emall NL" (in Dutch). Marxistische universiteit. Archived 15 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ↑Kurtovitch, Ismet (2000). "A Communist Party in New Caledonia (1941–1948)". The Journal of Pacific History. 35 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1080/002233400445779. JSTOR 25169484. S2CID 153697401.
External links
- Leftist Parties of the World (last updated 4 October 2006)
- Communist States animation (1850–2016)