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M2-9

Coordinates : 17 h 05 m 37.95 s , −10° 08′ 34.58″ {{Harv|SIMBAD|2006}} "},"dec":{"wt":"{{DEC|-10|08|34.58}} "},"dist_ly":{"wt":"2,100 [[light year|ly]] (650 [[parsec|pc]]) {{Har...

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Coordinates: Mapa del cielo17h 05m 37.95s, −10° 08′ 34.58″

Minkowski 2-9, abbreviated M2-9 (also known as Minkowski's Butterfly, Twin Jet Nebula or the Wings of a Butterfly Nebula) is a planetary nebula that is located about 2,100 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus. It was discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1947. This bipolar nebula takes the peculiar form of twin lobes of material that emanate from a central star. Astronomers have dubbed this object as the Twin Jet Nebula because of the jets believed to cause the shape of the lobes. Its form also resembles the wings of a butterfly. The nebula was imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in the 1990s.

The primary component of the central binary is the hot core of a star that reached the end of its main-sequence life cycle, ejected most of its outer layers and became a red giant, and is now contracting into a white dwarf. It is believed to have been a sun-like star early in its life. The second, smaller star of the binary orbits very closely and may even have been engulfed by the other's expanding stellar atmosphere with the resulting interaction creating the nebula. Astronomers theorize that the gravity of one star pulls some of the gas from the surface of the other and flings it into a thin, dense disk extending into space.[3] As the central binary orbits with a period of about 86 to 120 years, the wind emitting from the binary changes direction with it.[4]

The nebula has inflated dramatically[5] due to a fast stellar wind, blowing out into the surrounding disk and inflating the large, wispy hourglass-shaped wings perpendicular to the disk. These wings produce the butterfly appearance when seen in projection. The outer shell is estimated to be about 1,200 years old (Schwarz et al. 1997).

Notes

  1. ↑Radius = distance × sin(angular size / 2) = 2.1 kly * sin(115″ / 2) = 0.6 ly

References

  1. 12345(SIMBAD 2006)
  2. 123(Schwarz et al. 1997)
  3. ^ Lykou, F.; Chesneau, O.; Zijlstra, AA; Castro-Carrizo, A.; et  al. (3 de febrero de 2011). "Un disco dentro de la nebulosa planetaria bipolar M2-9" . Astronomía y Astrofísica . 527 (A105). Ciencias EDP: A105. arXiv : 1011.5671 . Código Bib : 2011A y A...527A.105L . doi : 10.1051/0004-6361/200913845 . S2CID 36920104 . Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2014 . 
  4. ↑ de la Fuente, Eduardo; Trinidad, Miguel A.; Tafoya, Daniel; Toledano-Juárez, Ivan; García-Flores, Samuel (2022). "La nebulosa simbiótica y bipolar M 2-9: Variabilidad morfológica del viento ionizado colimado que surge del núcleo". Publicaciones de la Sociedad Astronómica de Japón . 74 (3): 594– 601. arXiv : 2203.00881 . Bibcode : 2022PASJ...74..594D . doi : 10.1093/pasj/psac020 .
  5. ↑ ( Nemiroff y Bonnell 2007 )
  • Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (12 de junio de 2005). "M2-9: Nebulosa Alas de Mariposa" . Imagen Astronómica del Día . NASA .
  • Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (18 de junio de 2007). "Monitoreo de M2-9" . Imagen astronómica del día . NASA .
  • Hora, Joseph L.; Latter, William B. (1994), "La estructura y los espectros en el infrarrojo cercano de las nebulosas bipolares M2-9 y AFGL 2688: El papel del bombeo ultravioleta y las ondas de choque en la excitación del hidrógeno molecular", The Astrophysical Journal , 437 (1): 281–295 , arXiv : astro-ph/9408011 , Bibcode : 1994ApJ...437..281H , doi : 10.1086/174995 , S2CID 119525312 
  • Livio, Mario ; Soker, Noam (2001), "La nebulosa planetaria M2-9 del "chorro gemelo" , The Astrophysical Journal , 552 (2): 685– 691, arXiv : astro-ph/0010241 , Bibcode : 2001ApJ...552..685L , doi : 10.1086/320567 , S2CID 16212439 
  • Savage, Don (17 de diciembre de 1997), "El Hubble presencia el último resplandor de gloria de estrellas similares al Sol" , Instituto Científico del Telescopio Espacial
  • Schwarz, HE; ​​Aspin, C.; Corradi, RLM; Reipurth, B. (1997), "M 2-9: polvo en movimiento en un flujo bipolar rápido" , Astronomía y Astrofísica , 319 : 267–273 , Bibcode : 1997A & A...319..267S
  • SIMBAD (22 de diciembre de 2006), Resultados de PN M 2-9 , SIMBAD, Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg

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