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Moqi Chounu

Moqi Chounu ( simplified Chinese : 万俟丑奴 ; traditional Chinese : 万俟醜奴 ; pinyin : Mòqí Chǒunú ; died 530) was a Xianbei rebel of the Northern Wei during the Northern and Southern ...

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Moqi Chounu (simplified Chinese:万俟丑奴; traditional Chinese:万俟醜奴; pinyin:Mòqí Chǒunú; died 530) was a Xianbei rebel of the Northern Wei during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. He was initially a general of Hu Chen, the rebel leader of Gaoping, who inherited his army after he was killed in 526. As he absorbed the other remaining rebel groups in the Guanzhong region, Moqi proclaimed himself Emperor and declared a new reign era in 528. The Wei paramount general, Erzhu Rong dispatched his cousin Erzhu Tianguang, accompanied by the likes of Heba Yue, Houmochen Yue and Yuwen Tai to pacify the rebellion, and in 530, Moqi was captured and executed.

Life

Moqi Chounu was a native of Gaoping Commandery (高平) in Yuan province (原州; roughly in modern Guyuan, Ningxia). In 524, responding to Poliuhan Baling's uprising along the Six Garrisons in the north, the people of Gaoping rebelled and installed Hu Chen as their leader. Moqi became a general of Hu Chen, and in 525, he along with Suqin Mingda and others invaded Jing province, during which he led light cavalry to occasionally harass the reinforcements led by Wei commander, Xiao Baoyin.[1]

In 526, one of Hu Chen's generals, Lü Bodu (呂伯度), captured Xianqin (顯親; in present-day Qin'an County, Gansu) and surrendered to the Wei, who appointed him the Inspector of Jing province. Moqi led his troops to attack Lü and killed him, after which he power grew immensely that Xiao Baoyin was unable to contain him. Soon after, Hu Chen was assassinated by a follower sent by Poliuhan Baling, who was angry that Hu had refused to help him despite allying with another rebel leader, Mozhe Niansheng. With Hu Chen dead, Moqi effectively took command over the Gaoping rebels.[2]

En 527, Xiao Baoyin sometió a las fuerzas de Mozhe Niansheng, pero más tarde ese mismo año, él mismo lideró una rebelión contra Wei, que rápidamente terminó en fracaso. Xiao y su familia huyeron a Moqi Chounu, quien lo nombró Gran Tutor. En junio o julio de 528, Moqi se proclamó emperador y comenzó a repartir nombramientos entre sus subordinados. En ese momento, un león de Persia iba a ser enviado a Wei del Norte como regalo. Moqi logró apoderarse del león y lo usó como su símbolo, incluso cambiando la era de reinado a Shenshou (神獸; que significa "Bestia Divina") en su honor. [ 3 ] En 529, Moqi Chounu invadió la provincia de Qin Oriental (東秦州; aproximadamente la actual Baoji , Shaanxi ), capturando la región y matando al inspector provisional, Gao Zilang (高子朗). [ 4 ]

Poco después, a principios del año 530, el general supremo de Wei, Erzhu Rong, encargó a su primo, Erzhu Tianguang, que dirigiera una expedición para sofocar los disturbios en las provincias occidentales, con Heba Yue y Houmochen Yue como sus lugartenientes. En marzo o abril, Moqi Chounu sitió personalmente la provincia de Qi, mientras enviaba a sus generales, Moqi Wu (万俟仵) y Yuchi Pusa (尉遲菩薩), a cruzar al sur del río Wei desde Wugong y atacar los campamentos del norte de Wei. Yuchi logró capturarlos antes de regresar a Qi. Sin embargo, posteriormente regresó al río Wei al recibir noticias de que Heba Yue estaba asesinando y saqueando a los seguidores y funcionarios de Moqi en la zona. Mediante engaños, Heba Yue infligió una gran derrota a las fuerzas de Yuchi y lo capturó con vida. [ 5 ]

Moqi Chounu quedó tan aterrorizado por la derrota de Yuchi que abandonó Qi y huyó a Anding , estableciendo guarniciones en Pingting (平亭), al norte de la ciudad, en previsión de un ataque. En abril o mayo, comenzó a circular el rumor de que el ejército de Wei estaba retrasando su asalto a Anding hasta el otoño, ya que el verano era demasiado caluroso para sus soldados. Creyendo el rumor, Moqi decidió disolver su ejército y desplegar a sus seguidores a lo largo del río Xi (細川), al norte de la provincia de Qi. También ordenó a su general, Hou Yuanjin (侯元進), que dirigiera a 5000 soldados y acampara en varios lugares estratégicos. [ 5 ]

With their guard lowered, Heba then attacked and defeated Hou Yuanjin at dawn. He captured Hou and his followers but immediately released them, encouraging the other forts under Moqi to surrender. As Heba Yue reached Anding, the rebel Inspector of Jing province, Qiji Changgui (俟幾長貴), surrendered as well. Moqi abandoned Pingting, intending to flee back to Gaoping, but Heba's forces caught up with him at Pingliang. Before Moqi could get his soldiers to form a line, Heba's general, Houmochen Chong, rode into his ranks and captured Moqi alive from his horse. His troops were afraid to pursue Houmochen, and as the Wei forces approached them, they collapsed and scattered. When Erzhu Tianguang attacked Gaoping, Xiao Baoyin also surrendered the city.[6]

Moqi Chounu and Xiao Baoyin were sent to the Wei capital, Luoyang. Emperor Xiaozhuang ordered for them to be displayed along the main street outside of Changhe Gate (閶闔門), where people gathered to watch them for three days. Soon, Moqi Chounu was beheaded in the city. His brother, Moqi Daoluo (万俟道洛) was able to escape to the mountains following their defeat, joining the bandit leader Wang Qingyun (王慶雲) at Lüeyang Commandery. However, in July or August 530, they too were defeated and killed by Heba and Erzhu.[7]

References

  1. ↑Zizhi Tongjian, vol.150
  2. ↑Zizhi Tongjian, vol.151
  3. ↑Kou, Lu (2018-05-13). "Courtly Exchange and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy in Early Medieval China". FAS Theses and Dissertations: 191–195 – via Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
  4. ↑Zizhi Tongjian, vol.153
  5. 12Book of Zhou, vol.14
  6. ↑History of the Northern Dynasties, vol.60
  7. ↑Zizhi Tongjian, vol.154

Sources