Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia

La Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ( en español : Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ) es una biblioteca nacional ubicada en Bogotá , Colombia . La biblioteca depende del Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia .

La Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia es considerada generalmente la biblioteca nacional más antigua de América . Fue fundada en 1777 por el virrey Manuel de Guirior en Bogotá . La colección original de la biblioteca consistía en libros expropiados a la comunidad jesuita , expulsada de todos los dominios del Imperio español a raíz de la orden de 1767 del rey Carlos III . En 1825, gracias a la labor de Francisco de Paula Santander , la biblioteca se estableció en el campus del Colegio de San Bartolomé y recibió su nombre actual. El 25 de marzo de 1834 se promulgó la primera ley de depósito legal , que obligaba a enviar a la biblioteca todos los ejemplares impresos del país para su custodia. Esta ley definió el objetivo de la biblioteca, que se convirtió en la única entidad encargada de preservar el patrimonio bibliográfico de la nación .

El tesoro bibliográfico de Colombia (incunabula, grabados, grabaciones sonoras y obras audiovisuales de gran valor histórico y artístico) se ubica en la esquina sureste del Parque Independencia. Fue fundado el 9 de enero de 1777, inaugurado en 1938 y remodelado en 1978 por el arquitecto Jacques Mosseri, aunque los elementos decorativos y el diseño de la fachada se mantuvieron sin cambios.

Se eliminaron las dos estatuas a ambos lados del acceso a la calle 25, el alto relieve del ático, la mezcla de materiales de la señalización y la ornamentación de las ventanas. Edificio de cuatro plantas. En la primera planta se encuentran las salas de lectura general, el kardex, las exposiciones, la música y la clasificación, entre otras. La segunda planta alberga la hemeroteca y las oficinas de los investigadores, y la tercera y cuarta plantas disponen de almacenes y oficinas administrativas.

Proporciona almacenamiento de publicaciones jurídicas, comercio de publicaciones oficiales, visitas guiadas, tarjeta de usuario, reproducción de fotogramas, fotocopiado de obras y fotografías, y obras fotográficas o cinematográficas. Como parte de las valiosas donaciones recibidas, destacan Manuel del Socorro Rodríguez, Miguel Antonio Caro , Rufino José Cuervo , Eduardo Santos y Germán Arciniegas.

La misión de la biblioteca es:

Garantizar la recuperación, preservación y acceso a la memoria colectiva del país, representada por el patrimonio bibliográfico y hemerográfico en cualquier soporte físico; así como la promoción y fomento de las bibliotecas públicas, la planeación y diseño de políticas relacionadas con la lectura, y la satisfacción de necesidades de información indispensables para el desarrollo individual y colectivo de los colombianos...

To guarantee the recovery of, preservation of, and access to the collective memory of the country, represented by the bibliographic and periodical heritage and in any form; so as to promote and foment public libraries, the planning and design of policies related to reading, and the satisfaction of the indispensable need for information for the individual and collective development of Colombians...

In addition, according to a history of the library, the library also functions as a training center for librarians in Colombia as well as a source of books for other countries' libraries.

According to a decree of the Senate of Colombia, the library's stated functions are:

• To advise the Ministry of Culture as it concerns the formulation of policies on the bibliographic and periodical national heritage
• To guide the plans and programs about creation, promotion, and strengthening of public libraries and the complementary services that are rendered by them
• To direct and coordinate the national network of public libraries.
• To collect, organize, increase, conserve, preserve, protect, record, and spread the bibliographic and periodical heritage of the nation, sustained in different mediums of information.
• To plan and design policies related to reading and its contribution to the development of the education and intellect of the Colombian people
• To design, organize, and develop the bibliographic heritage to contribute to the strengthening of the national identity
• To establish and maintain relations with national and international organizations, with the goal of promoting and developing programs of popular culture and cultural exchange together, in the themes related to books and reading
• To provide advice to, and collaboration with, different scientific, cultural, and educational organizations that develop programs of investigation and cultural diffusion

The law of legal deposit is regulated by Law 44 of 1993, the statutory Decree No. 460 of March 16, 1999, and the Decree 2150 of 1995. These laws and decrees are specifically about the National Library of Colombia. The creators of printed works, as well as audiovisual, audio, and video productions, should supply the library with a specified number of copies of the works, whether they were produced within the Colombian territory or imported.

• For printed works, two copies of each of the works produced within the national territory should be delivered to the National Library of Colombia; one copy to the Biblioteca del Congreso de la República de Colombia (Library of the Congress of the Republic of Colombia), and one copy to the Central Library of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (National University of Colombia), excepting a few cases in which the high cost of the edition or the short duration of publication makes it possible to deliver fewer copies.
• For audiovisual and audio works, as well as for published works that have been imported, only one copy needs to be delivered to the National Library.

Due to the legal deposit law and many charitable donations, the National Library has a large catalog of publications. The collection contains 47 incunabula, 610 volumes of manuscripts and other publications of "rare and curious" books, particularly purchased from or donated by personalities from the political and social life of Colombia, including the collections of Eduardo Santos, German Arciniegas, Jorge Isaacs, Manuel Ancízar, Marco Fidel Suárez, Miguel Antonio Caro, and Rufino José Cuervo among others. The library also possesses publications of the United Nations Library, and pictorial works of historical value like the watercolors of the Chorography Commission. A large quantity of audio recordings comes from the legal deposit law, which has also allowed the library to possess a general collection of the majority of the publications made in the country since the year 1830 as well as a newspaper library with publications of priceless value, like the Aviso de Terremoto, considered the premiere periodical publication in the Republic of Colombia.

The total collection of the Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia exceeds 2,000,000 volumes. Of this, approximately 25% was acquired through the beforementioned legal deposit laws. The other books have mostly come from donations.

• Asociación de Estados Iberoamericanos para el Desarrollo de las Bibliotecas Nacionales de Iberoamérica

• National Library of ColombiaArchived 2017-12-09 at the Wayback Machine - Official Website