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Neo-expressionism

Neo-expressionism is a style of late modernist or early- postmodern painting and sculpture that emerged in the late 1970s. Neo-expressionists were sometimes called Transavantgar...

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Neo-expressionism is a style of late modernist or early-postmodern painting and sculpture that emerged in the late 1970s. Neo-expressionists were sometimes called Transavantgarde, Junge Wilde or Neue Wilden ('The new wild ones'; 'New Fauves' would better meet the meaning of the term). It is characterized by intense subjectivity and rough handling of materials.[1]

Neo-expressionism developed as a reaction against conceptual art and minimal art of the 1970s. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body (although sometimes in an abstract manner), in a rough and violently emotional way, often using vivid colors.[2] It was overtly inspired by German Expressionist painters, such as Emil Nolde, Max Beckmann, George Grosz, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, James Ensor and Edvard Munch. It is also related to American lyrical abstraction painting of the 1960s and 1970s, the Hairy Who movement in Chicago, the Bay Area Figurative School of the 1950s and 1960s, the continuation of abstract expressionism, precedents in Pop Painting,[3] and New Image Painting: a vague late 1970s term applied to painters who employed a strident figurative style with cartoon-like imagery and abrasive handling owing something to neo-expressionism. The New Image Painting term was given currency by a 1978 exhibition entitled New Image Painting held at the Whitney Museum.[4]

Critical reception

Neo-expressionism dominated the art market until the mid-1980s.[5] The style emerged internationally and was viewed by many critics, such as Achille Bonito Oliva and Donald Kuspit, as a revival of traditional themes of self-expression in European art after decades of American dominance. The social and economic value of the movement was hotly debated.[6] From the point of view of the history of Modern Art, art critic Robert Hughes dismissed neo-expressionist painting as retrograde, as a failure of radical imagination, and as a lamentable capitulation to the art market.[7]

Críticos como Benjamin Buchloh , Hal Foster , Craig Owens y Mira Schor criticaron duramente su relación con la comercialización de la pintura en el mercado del arte en rápida expansión, la fama, la reacción contra el feminismo , el antiintelectualismo y el retorno a temas míticos y métodos individualistas que consideraban anticuados. [ 8 ] [ 6 ] Las mujeres fueron notoriamente marginadas en el movimiento, [ 9 ] y pintoras como Elizabeth Murray [ 10 ] y Maria Lassnig fueron omitidas de muchas de sus exposiciones clave, la más notoria de ellas la exposición New Spirit in Painting de 1981 en Londres, que incluyó a 38 pintores masculinos pero ninguna pintora. [ 11 ]

El neoexpresionismo en todo el mundo

El movimiento se conoció como Transavanguardia en Italia y Neue Wilden en Alemania, y el grupo Figuration Libre se formó en Francia en 1981. [ 12 ] En Toronto, el grupo conocido como ChromaZone/Chromatique Collective se formó en 1981 y existió hasta 1986. [ 13 ]

Pintores neoexpresionistas clave

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Chilvers, Ian y John Glaves-Smith. Diccionario de arte moderno y contemporáneo . Oxford University Press (2009), pág. 503
  2. ↑ Graham Thompson, La cultura estadounidense en la década de 1980 , Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pág. 73
  3. ↑ Chilvers, Ian y John Glaves-Smith. Diccionario de arte moderno y contemporáneo . Oxford University Press (2009), págs. 503-504.
  4. ↑Nueva pintura de imágenes, Oxford Reference
  5. ↑ Graham Thompson, La cultura estadounidense en la década de 1980 , Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pág. 70
  6. 1 2 Kurczynski, Karen (2011). "Neoexpresionismo en América" . Grove Art Online . doi : 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2090601 .
  7. ↑ Graham Thompson, La cultura estadounidense en la década de 1980 , Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pág. 71
  8. ↑ Graham Thompson, La cultura estadounidense en la década de 1980 , Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pág. 30
  9. ↑ Cohen, Alina (1 de marzo de 2019). "Los artistas rebeldes de los años 80 tienen una deuda con sus predecesoras feministas" . Artsy . Consultado el 7 de mayo de 2021 .
  10. ↑ Jones, Amelia (09/02/2009). A Companion to Contemporary Art Since 1945. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-5235-8.
  11. ↑ "Un nuevo espíritu de la pintura regresa (esta vez con una artista mujer)" . www.theartnewspaper.com . 3 de mayo de 2018. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2021 .
  12. ↑ Tate. "Neoexpresionismo" . Tate . Consultado el 20 de febrero de 2023 .
  13. ↑ Holubizky, Ihor. "Pintura: Movimientos modernos" . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca . Enciclopedia canadiense . Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2024 .