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Newbie Castle

UK {{gbmapping|NY17426469}}"},"image":{"wt":"File:Newbie Mains - geograph.org.uk - 1156020.jpg"},"caption":{"wt":"Newbie Mains Farm. Site of Newbie Castle"},"pushpin_map":{"wt":...

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The site of the old Newbie Castle, Newbay Castle or Newby Castle was the caput of the Barony of Newbie near Annan close to the confluence of the River Annan and the Solway Firth in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Held by the Corries and then the Johnstones.[1][2] Newbie Harbour on the River Annan was located nearby.[3]

History

Newbie Castle was demolished circa 1816 when Newbie Mains Farm was constructed, using the stones from the castle. Some masonry quoins from the tower decorated with characteristic Scottish renaissance buckle carvings were used in the farm buildings.[4]

In the 13th century, the Battle of Bruce's Acres took place near Muirbeck Wood as shown on the 1926 Edition of the OS map.[5]Robert the Bruce is said to have suffered a defeat here. Human bones and several swords were uncovered in Newbie Moss close to the field where this action is said to have been fought.[6]

Description of the castle and lands

The Newbie Mains byre with stonework from the old castle

Newbie is considered to have been a tower castle, surrounded by a moat with drawbridge. A tree in a nearby plantation is marked as the Marquesses Tree on early Ordnance Survey maps.[3] Newbie Castle had been damaged in various sieges and the laird appropriated his relative Robert Johnstone's legacies to use stone intended for a bridge over the River Annan to build a modern extension to the existing old square tower.[7]

The Newbie Burn runs down from Newbie Muir and enters the sea at Newbie Mains.[5] In 1859, two sets of stone coffins or kistvaens with human remains were found close to the shoreline just to the west of Newbie Mains Farm towards Newbie Cottages.[5]

Newbie Mill

El antiguo molino de Newbie Barony se alimentaba del arroyo Old Mill Burn, cuyas cabeceras se encontraban en Newbie Loch, ahora desecado. En el Libro de Nombres del Ordnance Survey de 1848-1858, Newbie Mill describe el molino existente en esa fecha como " Un gran molino de tres pisos de altura con vivienda y oficinas anexas, todo en buen estado. Funciona con agua y se utiliza para moler trigo y maíz. Está ocupado por Thomas Martin y es propiedad de Edward McKenzie, Esq., de Folly Court, Londres. Este molino contiene 5 pares de piedras y 1 para cebada; tiene una potencia de 18 caballos de fuerza y ​​también dispone de una trilladora ". [ 8 ]

Los señores de Newbie

Thomas Corrie de Kelwood y Newbie murió en 1513, posiblemente en la batalla de Flodden . La familia Johnstone adquirió la posesión de Newbie tras una serie de disputas. Kelwood permaneció en manos de los Corrie al menos hasta 1627. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]

John Johnstone de Newbie figuraba como partidario de María, reina de Escocia, en febrero de 1569. [ 9 ] Newbie estuvo en manos posteriormente de los marqueses de Annandale. [ 3 ] [ 10 ]

Sir James Johnstone compró la baronía de Newbie, pero transcurrieron veinticuatro años de litigios antes de que el último de los parientes de los Corries renunciara a sus títulos. [ 7 ] Murió con importantes deudas como resultado del litigio. Robert Johnstone de Raecleuch se instaló en el castillo de Newbie como tutor legal de su heredero, el nuevo y joven laird. Los acreedores intentaron expulsar a los Johnstone, incluyendo a Edward Johnstone de Ryehill, los hermanos del laird, David y Abraham, Adam y John Johnstone de Mylnfield, su nieto John y varios sobrinos. [ 7 ] En 1609, Edward Johnstone disponía de parte de la propiedad. En 1639, los Corries de Kelwood y Newbie reanudaron las acciones legales contra la viuda de John, Bessie, y su hijo George. La historia de los lairds es una compleja serie de costosas disputas legales entre los miembros de la familia. [ 7 ]

La baronía de Newbie estuvo en manos de los marqueses de Annandale , que eran miembros del clan Johnstone. [ 3 ]

Acontecimientos históricos

Emplazamiento del antiguo puerto de Newbie

Jacobo VI de Escocia visitó Newbie en noviembre de 1597 y celebró un consejo con sus señores. El señor de Newbie era un alcaide fronterizo adjunto. [ 11 ]

In 1618 Annan Town Council had "for the safe transport of his Majesty’s subjects, and in respect of the great poverty of the said burgh, had kept a boat and exacted dues, and now John Johnstone, burgess of Annan, also called John of Mylnfield, and others, would not let it pass their land".[7]

Sir John Dalziel of Glennie and others travelled "to the Lord Annandale’s house at Newbie to pay him a visit, beginning with their old pranks, burning their shirts and other linens. A little after that the house was all burnt, and it was reported of my lord himself he knew the house would never do good, for it was builded with the thing that should have builded the bridge over Annan water. It is said that the servants in the house were amusing themselves with drinking burnt brandy while Lord Annandale was away, and his coach driving suddenly to the door, they thrust the blazing spirits under a bed which caused the conflagration. The blaze was so great that the chambermaids in Sir John Douglas’s house at Kelhead, three miles distant, could prepare the bedrooms without candles.[12]

Newbie Castle recorded on early maps

The River Annan from near Newbie Harbour

Blaeu's map of 1654, based on Timothy Pont's earlier map, shows a tower with associated buildings and extensive formal gardens with plantations or orchards. A small building is shown nearby overlooking the shore and a small island is present just off the coast. A circular wooded area surrounded by a pale or fence lies just to the north. The name is written as 'New bay Castle' and Newbay Loch is shown nearby with an outflow running into the River Annan.[13]

Herman Moll's 1732 map shows the situation unchanged from Blaeu's map.[14] Roys mid-18th century map shows the castle; however, the circular wooded area and island are not recorded.[15]

The 1804 Crawford map shows 'Newby Old Tower' without any garden or woodland features.[16]

John Ainslie's 1821 map records a 'Tower', but again without any garden or other estate features.[17] In 1828 the situation remained unchanged.[18] By 1857 the name 'Newbie' is used on maps and the location of the old castle is indicated.[19]

In 1857, the OS map shows the 'Marquis' Tree' in a small plantation to the north-east of the old castle.[19] In 1924, the site of the tree is still indicated. The pear tree is said to have been planted by one of the Marquises of Annandale in the old Castle Garden.[5][20]

Newby Harbour

Crawford's 1804 records Newby Harbour lying nearby as an inlet off the River Annan.[16] In 1821, Ainslie's map records Newby Harbour, although an inlet is not shown.[17] The harbour is shown as an inlet in 1828.[18] The Old Mill Burn has its confluence with the River Annan at the harbour. The harbour site has silted up due to the building of stone piers on the river that direct the water flow and maintain a deep water channel for shipping using Annan Harbour. It now forms part of Milnfield Merse.[19] No details survive as to the function of the harbour; however, before the bridge was built, an easy crossing of the River Annan would require a boat of some description.

References

  1. 12Martin Coventry (2010). Castles of the Clans. Goblinshead. p. 121.
  2. 12Martin Coventry (2010). Castles of the Clans. Goblinshead. p. 296.
  3. 1234"Newbie Castle - Gatehouse Records on the Aglionby Platt". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  4. ↑Aonghus MacKechnie, 'Evidence of a Post-1603 Court Architecture in Scotland?', Architectural History, 31 (1988), pp. 107-118 doi:10.2307/1568537
  5. 1234"Cumberland IXb.SW & XIV.NW, Revised: 1924, Published: 1926". Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  6. ↑"Canmore - Bruce's Acres". Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  7. 12345"The Historical Families of Dunfriesshire and the Border Wars". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  8. ↑"Name Book for Dumfriesshire". Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  9. ↑Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 627 no. 1013.
  10. ↑Martin Coventry (2010). Castles of the Clans. Goblinshead. p. 558.
  11. ↑Joseph Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1896), p. 464 no. 844.
  12. ↑C. Johnstone, The Historical Families of Dumfriesshire and the Border Wars (Edinburgh & Glasgow, 1889), p. 166.
  13. ↑"Annandiae praefectura, Vulgo, The Stewartrie of Annandail / auct. Timotheo Pont ; excud. I. Blaeu". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  14. ↑"Anandale : is Part of Dumfreis Shire. Eusdale or Eskdale and Liddesdale is the South Part of Roxburgh Sh. / H. Moll". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  15. ↑"1747-55 - William ROY - Military Survey of Scotland". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  16. 12"Map of Dumfries-shire from an actual survey / by Wm. Crawford. Engraved by Kirkwood & Sons. (General View of the Mineralogy or Internal Structure of Dumfries-shire. Prepared ... by Brigr. General Dirom)". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  17. 12"The environs of Edinburgh, Haddington, Dunse, Kelso, Jedburgh, Hawick, Selkirk, Peebles, Langholm and Annan, making a complete map of the South East district of Scotland / by John Ainslie". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  18. 12"Thomson, John, 1777. Circa 1840 Johnson, William. 1806 to 1840. Dumfriesshire". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  19. 123"Dumfriesshire, Sheet LXII, Surveyed: 1857, Published: 1861". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  20. ↑"Name Book for Dumfriesshire". Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  • Coventry, Martin (2010). Castles of the Clans. Musselburgh : Goblinshead. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1
  • Video footage of Annan Harbour
  • Video footage of the Gala Glen and Bruce's Well