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Onychorrhexis

Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho- , "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis , "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroid...

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Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy.[1]:786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis.[2]

Signs and symptoms

Onychorrhexis refers to the mild form of brittle nail syndrome. It is characterized by fine longitudinal ridges, usually affecting multiple nails. The condition is often idiopathic or caused by external factors (such as repetitive wetting and drying) or nutritional deficiencies.[3]

Epidemiology

Onychorrhexis affects up to 20% of the population.[1]:786[4]

Differential diagnosis

In contrast, a deep longitudinal split of the nail plate (also called split nail), particularly when affecting only a single nail, is not part of onychorrhexis or classic brittle nail syndrome. This presentation requires further investigation to exclude underlying causes such as nail unit tumors.[5] This can be tumors such as Onychopapilloma.[5][6]

See also

References

  1. 12James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  2. ↑Frazier, Winfred Taylor; Santiago-Delgado, Zuleica M.; Kenneth C. Stupka, I. I. (October 2021). "Onychomycosis: Rapid Evidence Review". American Family Physician. 104 (4): 359–367. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 34652111.
  3. ↑Zubek, Amanda Elisabeth (2026-01-24). "Brittle Nail Syndrome". Medscape. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
  4. ↑Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  5. 12Inthasot, S.; André, J.; Richert, B. (2022). "Causes of longitudinal nail splitting: a retrospective 56-case series with clinical pathological correlation". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 36 (5): 744–753. doi:10.1111/jdv.17967. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/341353. PMID 35088456.
  6. ↑Lebensohn, Alexandra; Ghafoor, Azam; Bloomquist, Luke (May 17, 2024). "Multiple Onychopapillomas and BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome". JAMA Dermatology. 160 (8): 838–845. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.1804. PMC 11102040. PMID 38759225.

Further reading

  • Abdullah, Lina; Abbas, Ossama (2024-03-14). "Common nail changes and disorders in older people: Diagnosis and management". Canadian Family Physician. 57 (2). College of Family Physicians of Canada: 173–181. PMC 3038811. PMID 21321168.
  • Singal, Archana; Arora, Rahul (2015). "Nail as a window of systemic diseases". Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 6 (2). Medknow: 67–74. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.153002. ISSN 2229-5178. PMC 4375768. PMID 25821724.
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