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Pareiorhaphis

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Pareiorhaphis is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the familyLoricariidae, the suckermouth armored catfishes, and the subfamilyHypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos. The catfishes in this genus are found in South America.

Taxonomy

Pareiorhaphis was first proposed as a genus in 1918 by the Brazilian zoologistAlípio de Miranda-Ribeiro without designating a type species. In 1920 Charles Tate Regan designated Hemipsilichthys calmoni as the type species. The genus was first called Psilichthys by Franz Steindachner but this name was preoccuppied by a fossil fish genus Psilichthys.[1] Some authorities classified this species in the genus Hemipsilichthys and treated Pareiorhaphis as junior synonym of Hemipsilichthys but later authorities have found that Hemipsilichthyssensu stricto, with three species, were basal loricarids and the other species were nested within the loricarid diversity and the genus Pareiorhaphis was resurrected from its synonymy with Hemipsilichthys. Whether Pareiorhaphis is monophyletic or not is currently unknown.[2]Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies this genus in the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos, within the suckermouth armored catfish family Loricariidae.[1] This family is included in the suborderLoricarioidei of the catfish order Siluriformes.[3] Other authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Neoplecostominae.[2]

Species

Pareiorhaphis contains the following valid species:[4]

Distribution

Pareiorhaphis catfishes are found in South America wheren they are known only from Brazil.[4]

Etymology

Pareiorhaphis combines pareio, derived frompareiá, which means "cheek" in Greek, and rhaphis, meaning "needle". This is a reference to the needle like hypertrophiedodontodes on the cheeks of the males when they are in breeding condition.[5]

Characteristics

Pareiorhaphis can be readily distinguished from other neoplecostomines by the unique combination of having fleshy lobes on lateral margins of head ornamented with hypertrophied odontodes on nuptial males, caudal peduncleovoid in cross section, abdomen usually naked, dorsal fin spinelet ovoid and adipose fin usually present.[2] The color pattern is usually dark brown and mottled with the abdomen white.[6]

References

  1. 12345Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Hypoptopomatinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  2. 123Pereira, E.H.L. (2005). "Resurrection of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (2): 271–276. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000200004.
  3. ↑Richard van der Laan; Ronald Fricke (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 December 2025.
  4. 12Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pareiorhaphis". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  5. ↑Christopher Scarpf (28 February 2026). "Family LORICARIIDAE: Subfamily HYPOPTOPOMATINAE Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890 (Cascudinhos)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  6. ↑Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Pareiorhaphis". FishBase. January 2016 version.