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Península

La península escandinava durante el invierno. La península de Seventeen Seventy, Queensland , donde el capitán Cook desembarcó en 1770. Una península [ 1 ] [ 2 ] es una forma de...

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The Scandinavian Peninsula covered in snow
La península escandinava durante el invierno.
La península de Seventeen Seventy, Queensland , donde el capitán Cook desembarcó en 1770.

Una península [ 1 ] [ 2 ] es una forma de relieve que se extiende desde un continente , está conectada al continente por un solo lado y está rodeada mayormente por agua. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Existen penínsulas en cada continente. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] La península más grande del mundo es la península arábiga . [ 6 ] [ 7 ]

Etimología

La palabra península deriva del latín paeninsula , de paene ' casi ' e insula ' isla ' . La palabra entró en el inglés en el siglo XVI. [ 3 ]  

Definiciones

Una península se define generalmente como una porción de tierra rodeada en la mayor parte de sus lados por agua. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]

Una península puede estar bordeada por más de una masa de agua, y esta no tiene por qué ser un océano o un mar. [ 10 ] A veces se dice que una porción de tierra en una curva muy pronunciada de un río, o entre dos ríos, forma una península, por ejemplo, en el New Barbadoes Neck en Nueva Jersey , Estados Unidos. [ 8 ] La conexión entre una península y el continente puede ser un istmo ; por ejemplo, el istmo de Corinto conecta la península del Peloponeso con Grecia central . [ 11 ]

Formación y tipos

Las penínsulas pueden formarse por deriva continental , erosión glacial , agua de deshielo glacial , sedimentación glacial , sedimentos marinos , transgresiones marinas , volcanes , límites divergentes o sedimentación fluvial. [ 12 ] Más de un factor puede contribuir a la formación de una península. Por ejemplo, en el caso de Florida , la deriva continental , los sedimentos marinos y las transgresiones marinas contribuyeron a su forma. [ 13 ]

glaciares

In the case of formation from glaciers (for example, the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion, meltwater or deposition. If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since the glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin. This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula.[14]

In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines, which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas.[14]

If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula was composed of sedimentary rock, which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift.[15][16] The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago.[17][18]

Others

In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (such as the Alaskan Peninsula).[15] Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when the volcano erupts near shallow water.[19]Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone.[20] A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (such as the Arabian Peninsula),[21][22] while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (for example, Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent).[23] Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean, the sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula.[24]

Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but may also affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels.[25] Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger.[26]Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce the size of some peninsulas over time.[27]

Uses

Peninsulas are noted for having acted as shelters for prehistoric humans and Neanderthals. The landform is advantageous because it gives hunting access to both land and sea animals.[28] They can also serve as markers of a nation's borders.[29] In history, peninsulas have played a vital role in trade and commerce because of their access to water through an isthmus. The Malay Peninsula, located at the convergence of the Indian Ocean and the China Seas, played an important role in east-west trade.[30]

List of the largest peninsulas in the world

See also

References

  1. ↑(fromLatinpaeninsula; frompaene 'almost'andinsula 'island') "peninsula". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  2. 12Nadeau 2006, p. 5.
  3. 12Word Histories and Mysteries 2004, p. 216.
  4. ↑"Definition of peninsula". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  5. ↑"peninsula". National Geographic Society. 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  6. ↑Mis 2009, p. 20.
  7. ↑Niz 2006, p. 19.
  8. 12Kersey, Paul (23 July 2021). "What is a Peninsula?". Infoplease. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  9. ↑"list of peninsulas". Britannica. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  10. ↑Heos 2010, p. 15.
  11. ↑Heos 2010, p. 9.
  12. ↑Mis 2009, p. 6.
  13. ↑Heos 2010, p. 8.
  14. 12Heos 2010, p. 31.
  15. 12Nadeau 2006, p. 6.
  16. ↑Heos 2010, p. 32–33.
  17. ↑Nadeau 2006, p. 9.
  18. ↑Wyckoff 1999, p. 328.
  19. ↑Heos 2010, p. 44.
  20. ↑Heos 2010, p. 21–23.
  21. ↑Nadeau 2006, p. 10.
  22. ↑Heos 2010, pp. 43–44.
  23. ↑Heos 2010, p. 40.
  24. ↑Nadeau 2006, p. 13.
  25. ↑Niz 2006, p. 7.
  26. ↑Niz 2006, p. 13.
  27. ↑Nadeau 2006, p. 21.
  28. ↑Heos 2010, p. 45.
  29. ↑Heos 2010, p. 48.
  30. ↑"Did you know?: Ancient Trading Centres in the Malay Peninsula". unesco.org. Silk Roads Programme, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  31. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica: "Arabia".
  32. ↑Tsvetkov, Kaloyan; Traykov, Tony (July 2023). "Polytheistic and Syncretic Religious Beliefs in Southeast Asia – Nature, Features, and Geographical Distribution". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024.
  33. ↑"Explore India – Mineral Scenario of the States of India"(PDF). Government of India - Ministry of Mines. January 2010. Archived(PDF) from the original on 14 March 2024.
  34. ↑Article bay (17 January 2023). "Africa's largest peninsula has always been on the target of world powers. Where is it actually located?". Medium.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  35. ↑Misachi, John (1 September 2021). "Labrador Peninsula". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024.
  36. ↑Seferoglu, S. Sadi. "Turkey at a Glance – Geography". Türkiye on the Web. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024.
  37. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica: "Scandinavian Peninsula".
  38. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica: "Balkans".
  39. ↑Misachi, John (11 February 2021). "Iberian Peninsula". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024.
  40. ↑Davies, Bethan (22 June 2020). "Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet". AntarcticGlaciers.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022.
  41. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica: "Taymyr Peninsula".
  42. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica: "Kamchatka Peninsula".

Bibliography

  • Heos, Bridget (2010). The Creation of Peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. ISBN 978-1-4358-5301-0. OCLC 277466133.
  • Mis, Melody S. (2009). Exploring Peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: PowerKids Press. ISBN 978-1-4358-2711-0. OCLC 230802567.
  • Nadeau, Isaac (2006). Peninsulas (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press. ISBN 1-4042-3125-0. OCLC 57068647.
  • Niz, Ellen Sturm (2006). Peninsulas. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. ISBN 0-7368-4308-6. OCLC 57366483.
  • Word Histories and Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2004. ISBN 978-0547350271. OCLC 55746553.
  • Wyckoff, Jerome (1999). Reading the Earth: Landforms in the Making. Mahwah, NJ: Adastra West. ISBN 0-9674075-0-8. OCLC 43274886.
  • Logotipo de Wikcionario The dictionary definition of peninsula at Wiktionary