Hispanopedia Wiki
Articulo de referencia

Robert Otto Pohl

[[University of Erlangen–Nuremberg]] (PhD)"},"awards":{"wt":"[[Oliver E. Buckley Prize]] (1985)"},"fields":{"wt":"[[Condensed matter physics]]"},"doctoral_students":{"wt":"[[Ven...

Hispanopedia WikiContenido en espanolLectura gratuita

Robert Otto Pohl (17 de diciembre de 1929 - 30 de agosto de 2024) fue un físico germano-estadounidense, especializado en física de la materia condensada, en temas como sólidos amorfos , vidrio , conductividad térmica y películas delgadas , [ 1 ] quien fue Profesor Emérito Goldwin Smith de Física en la Universidad de Cornell . Desarrolló el método 3ω , ampliamente utilizado para medir conductividades térmicas. [ 2 ] También es conocido por demostrar que las propiedades térmicas del vidrio son diferentes a las de los sólidos cristalinos a bajas temperaturas. [ 3 ]

Biografía

Pohl nació en Göttingen en 1929. [ 3 ] Su padre fue el físico Robert Wichard Pohl , [ 3 ] cuyo abuelo materno fue Wichard Lange (1826–1884), miembro del Parlamento de Hamburgo . Después de completar sus estudios de pregrado en la Universidad de Friburgo , Pohl se matriculó como estudiante de posgrado en la Universidad de Erlangen-Núremberg . Allí se graduó con un Diplom (MS) en 1955 y un doctorado en 1957 y trabajó como asistente en física durante el año académico 1957–1958. [ 1 ] Emigró a los Estados Unidos en 1958.

En la Universidad de Cornell , fue investigador asociado de 1958 a 1960, profesor asistente de 1960 a 1963, profesor asociado de 1963 a 1968, catedrático de 1968 a 2000 y profesor emérito Goldwin Smith de Física de 2000 a 2024. Fue profesor visitante en la Universidad RWTH Aachen (1964), la Universidad de Stuttgart (1966-1967), la LMU de Múnich , la Universidad de Constanza , la Universidad de Ratisbona , la Universidad de Canterbury de Nueva Zelanda , la Universidad de Tongji de China y el Centro de Investigación Nuclear de Jülich . [ 4 ]

Investigación

Robert O. Pohl ha realizado investigaciones sobre estudios experimentales de vidrio y materiales vítreos, [ 5 ] así como sobre el transporte de calor y el comportamiento del transporte reticular en sólidos cristalinos y en sólidos amorfos, la estructura del vidrio, las técnicas criogénicas y los problemas energéticos. [ 4 ]

With R. C. Zeller, Pohl worked on glass at low temperatures. They showed in 1971 that glasses behave similarly at low temperature but do not follow the Debye model.[3][6]

His doctoral students included Venkatesh Narayanamurti.[7]

Springer published Robert Wichard Pohl's 3-volume edition of Einführung in die Physik (vol. 1, Mechanik und Akustik, 1930; vol. 2, Elektrizitätslehre, 1927; vol. 3, 1940, Optik) with many later editions and a 2-volume edition edited by Klaus Lüders and Robert O. Pohl (vol. 1, Mechanik, Akustik und Wärmelehre, 19th edition, 2004; vol. 2, 22nd edition, 2006). Robert O. Pohl added videos of demonstration experiments for the latest editions.[8]

Pohl died in Göttingen, Germany on August 30, 2024, at the age of 94.[9]

Pohl's opinions on nuclear waste disposal

In addition to his main research interests, Robert O. Pohl was concerned about radioactive waste disposal and its effects on the environment and human health.[10] During the Carter administration he served on a Presidential advisory committee on nuclear waste disposal.[11]

In a 1982 article published in Physics Today, Pohl wrote:[12]

In discussing adequate protection from the nuclear waste, the proper yardstick, in my opinion, is not how many people will be killed by it on a statistical basis (sometimes even expressed as the number of cancer fatalities per megawatt-year of electrical energy produced). Rather, the point is whether we want to impose on future generations the need to live permanently with radiation monitors, something we do not have to do right now—apart from some unfortunate exceptions. In my opinion, we should make every effort to avoid subjecting our descendants to this additional concern. This would require find permanently safe disposal methods for all forms of radioactive wastes, since any disposal of long-lived radioactive species in shallow landfills, or through ocean dumping, as is currently practiced for the many of low-level waste arising in the nuclear fuel cycle, would be unacceptable.[13]

Honors and awarsd

In 1985 he received the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize for "his pioneering work on low energy excitations in amorphous materials and continued important contributions to the understanding of thermal transport in solids."[14] It was considered the highest recognition in condensed matter physics.[5]

Pohl was elected in 1972 a fellow of the American Physical Society,[15] in 1984 a fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science[16] and in 1999 a member of the National Academy of Sciences.[17] For the academic year 1973–1974 he was a Guggenheim Fellow.[18] In 1980 he received the Humboldt US Senior Scientist Award.[4]

See also

Selected publications

Articles

  • Walker, C. T.; Pohl, R. O. (1963). "Phonon Scattering by Point Defects". Physical Review. 131 (4): 1433–1442. Bibcode:1963PhRv..131.1433W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.131.1433.
  • Narayanamurti, V.; Pohl, R. O. (1970). "Tunneling States of Defects in Solids". Reviews of Modern Physics. 42 (2): 201–236. Bibcode:1970RvMP...42..201N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.42.201. (over 500 citations)
  • McNelly, T. F.; Rogers, S. J.; Channin, D. J.; Rollefson, R. J.; Goubau, W. M.; Schmidt, G. E.; Krumhansl, J. A.; Pohl, R. O. (1970). "Heat Pulses in NaF: Onset of Second Sound". Physical Review Letters. 24 (3): 100–102. Bibcode:1970PhRvL..24..100M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.100.
  • Zeller, R. C.; Pohl, R. O. (1971). "Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Noncrystalline Solids". Physical Review B. 4 (6): 2029–2041. Bibcode:1971PhRvB...4.2029Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.4.2029. (over 2200 citations)
  • Slack, Glen A.; Tanzilli, R.A.; Pohl, R.O.; Vandersande, J.W. (1987). "The intrinsic thermal conductivity of AlN". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 48 (7): 641–647. Bibcode:1987JPCS...48..641S. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(87)90153-3. (over 1050 citations) See aluminium nitride.
  • Swartz, E. T.; Pohl, R. O. (1987). "Thermal resistance at interfaces". Applied Physics Letters. 51 (26): 2200–2202. Bibcode:1987ApPhL..51.2200S. doi:10.1063/1.98939. (over 400 citations)
  • Cahill, David G.; Pohl, R. O. (1987). "Thermal conductivity of amorphous solids above the plateau". Physical Review B. 35 (8): 4067–4073. Bibcode:1987PhRvB..35.4067C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.35.4067. PMID 9941934.
  • Klitsner, Tom; Pohl, R. O. (1987). "Phonon scattering at silicon crystal surfaces". Physical Review B. 36 (12): 6551–6565. Bibcode:1987PhRvB..36.6551K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.36.6551. PMID 9942367.
  • Cahill, D. G.; Pohl, R. O. (1988). "Lattice Vibrations and Heat Transport in Crystals and Glasses". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 39: 93–121. Bibcode:1988ARPC...39...93C. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.39.100188.000521. (over 450 citations)
  • Klitsner, Tom; Vancleve, J. E.; Fischer, Henry E.; Pohl, R. O. (1988). "Phonon radiative heat transfer and surface scattering". Physical Review B. 38 (11): 7576–7594. Bibcode:1988PhRvB..38.7576K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.38.7576. PMID 9945485.
  • Swartz, E. T.; Pohl, R. O. (1989). "Thermal boundary resistance". Reviews of Modern Physics. 61 (3): 605–668. Bibcode:1989RvMP...61..605S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.61.605. (over 3050 citations)
  • Cahill, David G.; Fischer, Henry E.; Watson, S. K.; Pohl, R. O.; Slack, G. A. (1989). "Thermal properties of boron and borides". Physical Review B. 40 (5): 3254–3260. Bibcode:1989PhRvB..40.3254C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.40.3254. PMID 9992262.
  • Cahill, David G.; Fischer, Henry E.; Klitsner, Tom; Swartz, E. T.; Pohl, R. O. (1989). "Thermal conductivity of thin films: Measurements and understanding". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. 7 (3): 1259–1266. Bibcode:1989JVSTA...7.1259C. doi:10.1116/1.576265.
  • Cahill, David G.; Pohl, R.O. (1989). "Heat flow and lattice vibrations in glasses". Solid State Communications. 70 (10): 927–930. Bibcode:1989SSCom..70..927C. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(89)90630-3.
  • Cahill, David G.; Watson, S. K.; Pohl, R. O. (1992). "Lower limit to the thermal conductivity of disordered crystals". Physical Review B. 46 (10): 6131–6140. Bibcode:1992PhRvB..46.6131C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.46.6131. PMID 10002297. (over 2000 citations)
  • Olson, J. R.; Pohl, R. O.; Vandersande, J. W.; Zoltan, A.; Anthony, T. R.; Banholzer, W. F. (1993). "Thermal conductivity of diamond between 170 and 1200 K and the isotope effect". Physical Review B. 47 (22): 14850–14856. Bibcode:1993PhRvB..4714850O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.47.14850. PMID 10005859.
  • Kumar, G. S.; Prasad, G.; Pohl, R. O. (1993). "Experimental determinations of the Lorenz number". Journal of Materials Science. 28 (16): 4261–4272. Bibcode:1993JMatS..28.4261K. doi:10.1007/BF01154931. S2CID 121983892.
  • Olson, JR; Topp, KA; Pohl, RO (1993). "Calor específico y conductividad térmica de los fullerenos sólidos". Science . 259 (5098): 1145– 1148. Bibcode : 1993Sci...259.1145O . doi : 10.1126/science.259.5098.1145 . PMID 17794394 . S2CID 24872117 .  
  • Liu, Xiao; White, Jr, BE; Pohl, RO; Iwanizcko, E.; Jones, KM; Mahan, AH; Nelson, BN; Crandall, RS; Veprek, S. (1997). "Sólido amorfo sin excitaciones de baja energía". Physical Review Letters . 78 (23): 4418– 4421. Bibcode : 1997PhRvL..78.4418L . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4418 .
  • Pohl, Robert O.; Liu, Xiao; Thompson, Eunjoo (2002). "Conductividad térmica a baja temperatura y atenuación acústica en sólidos amorfos". Reviews of Modern Physics . 74 (4): 991– 1013. Bibcode : 2002RvMP...74..991P . doi : 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.991 .(más de 400 citas)
  • Pohl, RO (2006). "Vibraciones reticulares de vidrios" . Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids . 352 ( 32–35 ): 3363–3367 . Bibcode : 2006JNCS..352.3363P . doi : 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.01.102 .

Libros

  • Lüders, K.; Pohl, RO, eds. (13 de julio de 2017). Introducción a la física de Pohl: Volumen 1: Mecánica, acústica y termodinámica . Springer. ISBN 9783319400464.Traducido de Pohls Einführung in die Physik, Band. 1  : Mechanik, Akustik und Wärmelehre de William D. Brewers (El volumen 1 contiene 77 vídeos de experimentos).
  • Lüders, K.; Pohl, RO, eds. (5 de febrero de 2018). Introducción a la física de Pohl: Volumen 2: Electrodinámica y óptica . Springer. ISBN 9783319502694.traducido de Pohls Einführung in die Physik, Band.2  : Elektizitaetslehre und Optik de William D. Brewer (Vol. 2 contiene 41 videos de experimentos).

Referencias

  1. 1 2 "Robert O. Pohl" . Red de Historia de la Física, AIP (Instituto Americano de Física) .
  2. ↑Tong, Tao; Majumdar, Arun (2006-10-05). "Reexamining the 3-omega technique for thin film thermal characterization". Review of Scientific Instruments. 77 (10): 104902. doi:10.1063/1.2349601. ISSN 0034-6748.
  3. 1234"Robert Pohl, innovator in condensed matter physics, dies at 94 | Cornell Chronicle". news.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  4. 123"Robert Pohl". Department of Physics, Cornell University.
  5. 12"Faculty Notes". Cornell Arts & Sciences Newsletter. Cornell University. Spring 1985. p. 7.
  6. ↑Ramos, M. A. (2020-02-01). "Are universal "anomalous" properties of glasses at low temperatures truly universal?". Low Temperature Physics. 46 (2): 104–110. arXiv:2001.04487. doi:10.1063/10.0000527. ISSN 1063-777X.
  7. ↑"Robert Otto Pohl, Ph.D."Physics Tree.
  8. ↑"Physikalische Experimente nach Robert Wichard Pohl (1884 - 1976) (Physical experiments according to Robert Wichard Pohl)". TIB (Technische Informationsbibliothek) AV-Portal. 2003. The German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), in collaboration with the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI), developed the AV Portal, which is a user-oriented platform for scientific and technological videos.
  9. ↑"Robert Pohl, innovator in condensed matter physics, dies at 94". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  10. ↑Pohl, Robert O. (1977). "Land-use for Nuclear and for Solar Energy". Environmental Conservation. 4 (4): 289–290. Bibcode:1977EnvCo...4..289P. doi:10.1017/S0376892900026217. S2CID 85774778.
  11. ↑"Robert O. Pohl papers, 1973-1998". Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
  12. ↑Pohl, R.O. (December 1982). "Debate on radioactive waste disposal. Will it stay put?". Physics Today. 35 (12): 37–45. Bibcode:1982PhT....35l..37P. doi:10.1063/1.2914882.
  13. ↑Hafemeister, David; Levi, Barbara Goss, eds. (1991). "Debate on nuclear waste disposal: Will it stay put? by Pohl". Physics and Nuclear Arms Today (reprints of articles published in Physics Today). Springer. pp. 207 & 210–217. ISBN 9780883186404. (quote from p. 214)
  14. ↑"1985 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Physics Prize Recipient, Robert O. Pohl". American Physical Society (aps.org).
  15. ↑"APS Fellow Archive, search on year 1972 and institution Cornell University". American Physical Society.
  16. ↑"Historic Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science. (Search on "Pohl".)
  17. ↑"Robert O. Pohl". National Academy of Sciences.
  18. ↑"Robert O. Pohl". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
  • "Professor Robert Pohl: Second Sound". YouTube. Materials Science and Engineering at Illinois. December 20, 2018. (movie from the early 1970s)
  • "physics lab course for non-physics students: 5 - Pohl's resonator". YouTube. Lehrportal Uni Göttingen. November 29, 2020.
  • "Elastic deformation: Hooke's law". Biomedical Arabia. August 1, 2021 – via YouTube. (creators: Klaus Lüders, Robert Otto Pohl, et al.)
  • "Free and driven oscillations of a torsional pendulum (pohl's wheel)". YouTube. Biomedical Arabia. August 1, 2021. (creators: Klaus Lüders, Robert Otto Pohl, et al.)