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Pit connection

In algal anatomy, a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells, and is found only in multicellular red algae [ 1 ] − specifically in the subphylum Eurhodophy...

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In algal anatomy, a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells, and is found only in multicellular red algae[1] − specifically in the subphylum Eurhodophytina, except haploid Bangiales.[2] They are often stoppered with proteinaceous "pit plugs". By contrast, many fungi (only ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, as most other groups lack septa) contain septal pores − an unrelated phenomenon.[3]

Characteristics

A sieve-like membrane may cover the pit in living algae,[4] but in the majority of algae a plug forms, they likely limit the transfer of metabolites between neighbouring cells.[2][5]

Formation

Primary pit connections are formed between cells in the same filament, derived from the same parent cell by its division.[4] Such connections are always single, and usually circular;[4] this is a result of their method of formation. The septum is formed as the walls of a filament grow inwards, dividing the cell; this results in a hole in the middle of the tube where the walls don't quite merge.[2] Thus pit connections are visible in the youngest of septa, widening as the septum thickens, until in some cases they may ultimately occupy the entire septum.[4] Secondary connections, by contrast, occur between unrelated cells, and serve a role in transferring cell contents and nutrients.[2] They may even form between cells of different species, as in the parasite Holmsella.[6]

References

  1. ↑Clinton J. Dawes; Scott, Flora M.; Bowler, E. (1961), "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta", American Journal of Botany, 48 (10): 925–934, doi:10.2307/2439535, JSTOR 2439535.
  2. 1234lee, R.E. (2008), Phycology, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-63883-8
  3. ↑ Ellis, TT; Reynolds, DR; Alexopoulos, CJ (1973), "Desarrollo de la célula de la cáscara en Emericella nidulans ", Mycologia , 65 (5): 1028– 1035, doi : 10.2307/3758285 , JSTOR 3758285 . 
  4. 1 2 3 4 Fritsch, FE (1945), La estructura y reproducción de las algas , Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0521050421, OCLC 223742770 {{citation}}: Incompatibilidad de ISBN/Fecha ( ayuda )
  5. ↑ Turner, CHC; Evans, LV (1978), "Translocación de 14 C fotoasimilado en el alga roja Polysiphonia lanosa" (PDF) , European Journal of Phycology , 13 (1): 51–55 , doi : 10.1080/00071617800650061
  6. ↑ Wetherbee, R.; Quirk, HM (1982). "La estructura fina de la formación de conexiones de punteaduras secundarias entre el aloparásito de algas rojas Holmsella australis y su huésped de algas rojas Gracilaria furcellata ". Protoplasma . 110 (3): 166– 176. doi : 10.1007/BF01283319 . S2CID 21177509 . 
  • En Keats, D. W; Chamberlain, Y. M (1997), "The non-geniculate coralline algae Synarthrophyton eckloniae (Foslie) comb. nov. and S. magellanicum (Foslie) comb. nov. (Rhodophyta) in South Africa including comparison with relevant types", European Journal of Phycology , 32 (1): 55– 79, doi : 10.1080/09541449710001719375
  • Imágenes SEM transversales (de menor calidad) de conexiones de punteaduras en el Phymatolithon coralino están disponibles en la página 138 en Johnson, C.; Mann, K. (1986). "El alga coralina incrustante, Phymatolithon Foslie, inhibe el crecimiento excesivo de algas marinas sin depender de herbívoros". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology . 96 (2): 127– 146. doi : 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90238-8 ..