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dialecto shaxiano

{{citation |last=Mei |first=Tsu-lin |author1-link=Mei Tsu-lin |title=Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic St...

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El dialecto Shaxian ( Central Min : 沙縣事, chino mandarín : 沙縣話) es un dialecto del chino Central Min hablado en el condado de Sha , Sanming, en la provincia china de Fujian Occidental .

Fonología

El dialecto shaxiano tiene 17 consonantes iniciales, 36 rimas y 6 tonos.

Iniciales

Notas:

  1. / tʃ / , / tʃʰ / , / ʃ / solo relacionado con rimas de boca redonda (撮口呼韻母);
  2. / b / , / l / , / g / no pueden conectarse con rimas vocálicas nasales ;
  3. / m / , / n / , / ŋ / solo se conectan con rimas vocálicas nasales .

Rimas

Some rimes come in pairs in the above table, and they are closely related with the tones: the one to the left only exist in dark level (陰平), light level (陽平), light rising (陽上) and departing (去聲); while the other only exist in dark rising (陰上) and entering (入聲). It can be compared with close and open rimes of Fuzhou dialect, Eastern Min.

Tones

The entering tones in Sanming dialect don't have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. It's quite different from many other Chinese dialects.

Tone sandhi

Shaxian dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.

The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):

Some rimes may change their pronunciation because they are closely related with the tones (see above).

Notes

  1. ↑Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ↑Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
  2. ↑Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald ; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin ; Bank, Sebastian (10 de julio de 2023). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min" . Glottolog . Leipzig : Instituto Max Planck de Antropología Evolutiva . doi : 10.5281/zenodo.7398962 . Archivado del original el 13 de octubre de 2023. Consultado el 13 de octubre de 2023 .
  • Comisión de compilación de corografía del condado de Sha 沙县地方志编纂委员会 (1992). Sha xian zhi沙县志[ "Corografía del condado de Sha" ]. vol.  32. Beijing: Zhongguo kexue jishu chubanshe 中国科学技术出版社 ["Prensa de Ciencia y Tecnología de China"]. ISBN 7-110-02307-9.