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Sultan bin Ahmad

Sultan bin Ahmad al Busaidi (died 1804) was the Sultan of Oman , the fourth of the Al Bu Said dynasty , ruling the country between 1792 and 1804. Early years Sultan bin Ahmad wa...

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Sultan bin Ahmad al Busaidi (died 1804) was the Sultan of Oman, the fourth of the Al Bu Said dynasty, ruling the country between 1792 and 1804.

Early years

Sultan bin Ahmad was the son of the Imam and Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi. Early in 1781 he and his brother Saif took control of the forts of al-Mirani and al-Jalali that guarded the harbor of Muscat. When the governor of Muscat tried to recover the forts, Sultan and Saif began a damaging bombardment of the town. The two brothers gained the support of the powerful Sheikh Sarkar, who marched on the capital in April 1781. Their father agreed to an amnesty, letting his rebellious sons hold both the forts. He changed his mind and took al Mirani, while the brothers held al Jelali for some months. Sultan and Saif then kidnapped their brother Said bin Ahmad.[1] The Imam, their father, hurried to Muscat which he reached in January 1782. He ordered the commander of Mirani to fire on Jelali, and his ships joined in from the east of the fort. While this was happening, Said bin Ahmad bribed his jailer and escaped. Isolated and without a hostage, the two brothers agreed to surrender.[2] The Imam took Saif and held him under surveillance to prevent a fresh rebellion.[3]

On his father's death in 1783 Said bin Ahmad was elected Imam and took possession of the capital, Rustaq. Sultan and Saif called on Sheikh Sakar of the Shemal tribal group to help them gain the throne. The Sheikh took the towns of Al Jazirah Al Hamra, Sharjah, Rams and Khor Fakkan (all in today's UAE). Said fought back, but was unable to regain these towns. However, the brothers felt it was safer to leave the country. Saif sailed for East Africa, intending to set himself up as a ruler there.[4] He died there soon after. Sultan sailed to Gwadar on the Makran coast of Balochistan. The Khan of Kalat, Mir Nasir Khan I, granted him protection and gave him Gwadar.[5][a]

Said bin Ahmad se volvió cada vez más impopular. Hacia finales de 1785, un grupo de notables eligió a su hermano, Qais bin Ahmad, como imán. Esta revuelta pronto fracasó. [ 7 ] En 1786, el hijo de Said, Hamad bin Said, logró tomar el control de Mascate , con su fortaleza. Una a una, las demás fortalezas de Omán se sometieron a Hamad. Said ya no tenía ningún poder temporal. [ 8 ] Hamad adoptó el título de jeque y estableció su corte en Mascate. Said bin Ahmad permaneció en Rustaq y conservó el título de imán, pero este era un título religioso puramente simbólico que carecía de poder. Hamad murió en 1792. [ 6 ]

Reinado

Sultan bin Ahmad, quien había regresado a Omán desde Baluchistán, tomó el control de Mascate. Para evitar disputas familiares, en una reunión en Barka confirmó a su hermano Said como imán en Rustaq y cedió el control de Sohar a su hermano Qais bin Ahmad . En 1798, Sultan firmó un tratado con la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales . En 1800, Omán sufrió una invasión de wahabíes del norte, quienes ocuparon el oasis de Buraimi y sitiaron al hermano de Sultan, Qais, en Sohar. [ 6 ]

Sultan murió en 1804 en una expedición a Basora . Nombró a Mohammed bin Nasir bin Mohammed al-Jabry como regente y tutor de sus dos hijos, Salim bin Sultan y Said bin Sultan . [ 9 ]

Referencias

Notas

  1. ↑ Gwadar permaneció como posesión de Omán hasta 1958, cuando fue vendida de nuevo a Pakistán . [ 6 ]

Citas

  1. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 279.
  2. ↑ Peterson 2007 , pág. 72.
  3. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 280.
  4. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 281.
  5. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 282.
  6. 1 2 3 Thomas 2011 , pág. 224.
  7. ↑ Miles 1919 , págs. 282–283.
  8. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 283.
  9. ↑ Miles 1919 , pág. 304.

Fuentes

  • Miles, Samuel Barrett (1919). Los países y tribus del Golfo Pérsico . Garnet Pub. ISBN 978-1-873938-56-0Consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2013 .{{cite book}}: Incompatibilidad de ISBN/Fecha ( ayuda )
  • Peterson, John (2007). Mascate histórico: Guía ilustrada y nomenclátor . BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15266-3. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  • Thomas, Gavin (2011-11-01). The Rough Guide to Oman. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4053-8935-8. Retrieved 2013-11-11.