Taj al-Din Yildiz

Taj al-Din Yildiz (also spelled Yaldiz, Yildoz, and Yalduz, Persian: تاج‌ الدین یلدوز) was a Turkicghulam of the Ghurid dynasty, who, after the death of Sultan Muhammad of Ghor, became the de facto ruler of Ghazni, while, however, still recognizing Ghurid authority.^[1]

After the death of Sultan Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, two factions arose in the Ghurid Empire; a faction of Turkicghulams, who supported Mu'izz's nephew Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud, while the other faction consisted of native Iranian soldiers, who supported the Ghurid ruler of Bamiyan, Baha al-Din Sam II. But Baha al-Din Sam II died after a few days, which made the Iranian soldiers support his two sons Jalal al-Din Ali and Ala al-Din Muhammad. Ghiyath, however, managed to emerge victorious during the struggle, and became the ruler of Firuzkuh. Meanwhile, Yildiz seized Ghazni from the Ghurid rulers of Bamiyan, but shortly recognized the authority of Ghiyath.

Ghiyath, not glad about Tajuddin controlling Ghazni, and not daring to leave Ghur unprotected, requested help from the KhwarazmianMuhammad II. Muhammad, however, instead invaded the domains of Ghiyath, capturing Balkh and Termez. In 1208, the semi-independent Ghurid governor of India, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, attacked and occupied Ghazni, but was defeated by Yildiz forty days later.^[2]

In 1214, Yildiz killed Ala al-Din Atsiz, and put the latter's cousin Ala al-Din Ali on the Ghurid throne as his puppet. However, one year later, Muhammad II conquered Firuzkuh and captured Ala al-Din Ali; he shortly marched to Ghazni, where he decisively defeated Yildiz, who fled to Punjab and captured Lahore from Nasir ad-Din Qabacha. Yildiz later fought the Delhi SultanIltutmish, and laid claim to the throne of Delhi as the heir to Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad. Iltutmish refused, stating

El dominio del mundo lo disfruta quien posee la mayor fuerza. El principio de sucesión hereditaria no se ha extinguido, pero hace mucho tiempo el destino abolió esta costumbre. ^{[ 3 ]}

Los dos ejércitos se encontraron en Tarain en enero de 1216. Yildiz fue derrotado y hecho prisionero por Iltutmish, y tras ser conducido por las calles de Delhi fue enviado a Budaun , donde fue ejecutado ese mismo año. Tras la caída de Yildiz, Qabacha volvió a ocupar Lahore . ^{[ 4 ]}

• Bosworth, CE (1968). «Historia política y dinástica del mundo iraní (1000-1217 d. C.)». En Frye, RN (ed.). Historia de Cambridge de Irán, Volumen 5: Los períodos selyúcida y mongol . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1-202 . ISBN  0-521-06936-X.