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Telue language

Telue ( pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Dialects The primary dialectal areas where Telue (Whit...

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Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.[2][3]

Dialects

The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:[4]

Phonology

Duoluo has many uvular and prenasalized consonants.[7][8]

Consonants

  • The sound of the affricates /ts,tsʰ,dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds [tθ,tθʰ,dð].
  • The pronunciation of /j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal fricative [ʑ], though may not be heard as clearly. This is likewise true for the preglottalized palatal /ˀj/, which may be interpreted as [ˀʑ].
  • /ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal [ŋ̍].
  • Sounds /tɕʰ,w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.[8]

Vowels

  • /ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only, /i/ is never heard in this position.
  • /ə/ and /ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as [ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel /ɯ,u/ it is pronounced as [ə].[8]

Tones

White Gelao of Yueliangwan, Yunnan has 4 tones.[9]

 White Gelao of Niupo, Guizhou has 4 tones.[11]

References

  1. ↑Telue at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Closed access icon
  2. ↑Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.
  3. ↑Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.
  4. ↑Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
  5. ↑Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2019). Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六枝仡佬语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1112270585.
  6. ↑Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917
  7. ↑Edmondson, Jerold A. "Kra or Kadai languages"(PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
  8. 123Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language(PDF). The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.
  9. ↑Ni 1990, p.217.
  10. ↑Taken from Ni 1990, p.214-217.
  11. ↑Ni 1990, p. 209.
  12. ↑Taken from Ni 1990, pp. 206-208.