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Thane

Coordenadas : 19°11′50″N 72°58′20″E / 19.19722°N 72.97222°E / 19.19722; 72.97222 Thane ( en maratí: [ ˈʈʰaːɳeː ] ; conocida como Thana hasta 1996 ) es una ciudad en el oeste de ...

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Coordenadas : 19°11′50″N 72°58′20″E / 19.19722°N 72.97222°E / 19.19722; 72.97222
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Thane ( en maratí: [ ˈʈʰaːɳeː ] ; conocida como Thana hasta 1996 ) es una ciudad en el oeste de la India , en el estado de Maharashtra . Limita con Mumbai y forma parte de la Región Metropolitana de Mumbai . Está situada al noreste de la isla de Salsette .

Thane sirve como sede del distrito de Thane y está ubicada dentro del taluka de Thane . Es la decimoquinta ciudad más poblada de la India, con una población de 1.890.000 habitantes según el censo de 2011. [ 2 ]

Etimología y otros nombres

El nombre antiguo de Thana era Śrīsthāna . Aparece como Thāna en fuentes árabes de principios de la Edad Media. [ 3 ]

El nombre Thane ha sido romanizado de diversas maneras como Tana , [ 4 ] Thana , [ 5 ] Thâṇâ , [ 6 ] y Thame . [ 7 ] Ibn Battuta y Abulfeda lo conocían como Kukin  Tana , mientras que Duarte Barbosa lo conocía como Tana  Mayambu . [ 8 ] Antes de 1996 , la ciudad se llamaba Thana , la grafía británica de la ciudad.

Historia

Thane surgió como área urbana durante el reinado de la dinastía Shilahara , que gobernó el norte de Konkan entre los años 800 y 1265 d. C. [ 9 ] Era conocida con diversos nombres: Srī-sthānaka , Sthānaka o Srī-sthāna . La inscripción de Chinchani de 1053 d. C. de Vija- ranaka de la familia Modha afirma que brahmanas de Srī-sthāna se asentaron en Samyana, en su territorio. [ 10 ] Una inscripción de Shilahara de 1094 d. C. se refiere a Srī-sthānaka como un velakula , es decir, un puerto que era un importante centro de importación y exportación. [ 11 ]

Thane is mentioned in the Mahikavatichi Bakhar, a 15th-17th century Marathi language historical chronicle of doubtful accuracy. According to the text, Prince Pratap Bimb, the brother of Champaner's king Govardhan Bimb, established a new kingdom by conquering territories in the Konkan region. In the 12th century, his general Balkrishn-rao Somvanshi captured Thane from the Shilahara king Yashwant-rao, and went on to conquer the surrounding territories. In the 13th century, Nagar-shah - the ruler of Ghandivi (Gandevi) - captured the area. His relatives demanded control of three villages - Malad, Marol and Thane - as a reward for their good performance in this military campaign. When Nagar-shah refused their demand, they allied with the imperial Yadavas of Devagiri. The area subsequently came under the control of the Yadava prince Bimb-dev, before Nagarshah regained control of it as a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate. Subsequently, the area was successively ruled by some local families, the Muzaffarids of Gujarat, and the Portuguese.[9]

The Thane area was contested between the Portuguese, the Mughals and the Marathas in the 17th century, with Shivaji capturing it from the Mughals in 1675.[12] Later, the Portuguese regained control of Thane, and started building a fort there in 1734, but the Marathas captured it in 1737.[9]The East India Company occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja at the start of the First Anglo-Maratha War. After a short period of time, the island was recaptured by the forces of Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar. After the signing of the Treaty of Salbai (1782), both Thana Fort and the island of Salsette were under the control of the British.[13]

Geography

Thane district: places of Interest (1896 map)

Climate

Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. The overall climate is stable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures.

Temperature in Thane varies from 22 °C to 36 °C, with winter temperatures as low as 12 °C at night, and summer temperatures reaching 40 °C at noon. Lowest daytime temperatures are typically during the summer monsoon peak in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to 25 °C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone.

Thane has been ranked 12th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to the Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 results.[15]

Lakes

Municipal finance

According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,[17] the Thane Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹2,867 crore (US$345 million) and total expenditure of ₹2,462 crore (US$296 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 67.3% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹84 crore in grants during the financial year.

Demographics

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941 people.[20] The literacy percentage is 91.36%, with male literacy at 94.19% and female literacy at 88.14%. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per India's 2011 census. Children account for 10.24% of the total population of Thane.

The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese.[21] About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane.[22]

Languages in Thane (2011)[23]
  1. Marathi (48.5%)
  2. Hindi (19.6%)
  3. Urdu (13.0%)
  4. Gujarati (3.93%)
  5. Bhojpuri (2.44%)
  6. Kannada (1.37%)
  7. Malayalam (1.29%)
  8. Bengali (1.21%)
  9. Tamil (1.15%)
  10. Marwari (1.14%)
  11. Konkani (0.94%)
  12. Others (5.45%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi, 19.59% Hindi, 12.99% Urdu, 3.93% Gujarati, 2.44% Bhojpuri, 1.37% Kannada, 1.29% Malayalam, 1.21% Bengali, 1.15% Tamil, 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language.[23]

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Thane is under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket.[24]

Transport

Railways

Thane railway viaducts
The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.

Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane.[25] Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.

Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through the Central and Trans-Harbour LineSuburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily.[26][27]

Metro

As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh), 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot is proposed to be at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore.[28]

On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion.[29]

As of 2019, a metro line is being built between Wadala and Thane.[30]

On 16 August 2024, the Union Government gave its approval for Thane Metro, a 29 km ring metro project.[31] It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. The project will be executed by Maha Metro.

Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)

Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others.[32]

NMMT Buses

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel), as well as to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli).

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT)

MBMT Buses

Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started in 2006. The buses start from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010.

Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT)

Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. One from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and another from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri.

Future of transport in Thane

A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 11 stations in total.[34]

Education

Schools

Colleges and Institutes

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 12"Thane Mayor: ठाण्यात ५ वर्षात होणार ४ महापौर; सव्वा वर्षाचा फॉर्म्युला निश्चित, पहिला मान कुणाला मिळाला?"[Thane Mayor: There will be 4 mayors in Thane in 5 years; Formula of one and a half years fixed, who got the first honor?]. Lokmat (in Marathi). 30 January 2026. Retrieved 31 January 2026.
  2. ↑"District Profile | Thane District, Govt. of Maharashtra | India". Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  3. ↑Verdon, Noémie (2015), "Conceptualisation of al-Hind by Arabic and Persian writers", in Himanshu Prabha Ray (ed.), Negotiating Cultural Identity: Landscapes in Early Medieval South Asian History, Routledge, p. 38, ISBN 978-1-317-34130-7
  4. ↑Butler, Alban; Peter Doyle, eds. (c. 1756), "Bd Thomas of Tolentino", Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, A&C Black, p. 68, ISBN 9780860122531{{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help).
  5. ↑Habig, Marion Alphonse (1979), The Franciscan Book of Saints, Franciscan Herald Press, cited in "Thomas of Tolentino and Companions", Roman Catholic Saints, retrieved 9 November 2016.
  6. ↑Cunha, J. Gerson da (1876), Notes on the History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein, Bombay, p. 174, ISBN 9788120608450{{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  7. ↑"Bl. Thomas of Tolentino", Catholic Online.
  8. ↑Cunha (1876), p. 16.
  9. 123Mayur Thakare (2016). "The Witness of Ages: Archaeology of the Madh Island and Versova, Mumbai Suburban District"(PDF). Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology. 4: 547–551, 563–567.
  10. ↑Malati Mahajan (1989). A Cultural History of Maharashtra and Goa: From Place Name Inscriptions. Sundeep Prakashan. pp. 64, 162. ISBN 9788185067230.
  11. ↑ Himanshu Prabha Ray (2016). «Espacios marítimos en disputa: piratería y batallas navales en la costa oeste de la India». Bridging the Gulf . India International Centre. pág. 134. ISBN  9789350981436.
  12. ^ Arun Kumar Sharma (2004). Patrimonio del Valle de Tansa . Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. pag. 46.ISBN​  9788180900297.
  13. ↑ Sardesai, Govind (1915). Nueva historia de los Marathas Volumen III . Phoenix Publications. pág. 119. 
  14. ↑ "Tablas climatológicas de los observatorios de la India 1991-2020" (PDF) . Departamento Meteorológico de la India . Consultado el 8 de abril de 2024 .
  15. ↑ «Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024» (PDF) . Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 . 7 de septiembre de 2024.
  16. ↑ "Corporación Municipal de Thane | Lagos en la ciudad de Thane" . Archivado del original el 19 de enero de 2017. Consultado el 18 de enero de 2017 .
  17. ↑ "Finanzas de la Corporación Municipal de Thane" . Portal CityFinance, Ministerio de Vivienda y Asuntos Urbanos . Consultado el 17 de marzo de 2026 .
  18. ↑ "Tabla C-16 Población por religión: Maharashtra" . census.gov.in . Registrador General y Comisionado del Censo de la India . 2011.
  19. ↑ "Tablas del Censo" . censusindia.gov.in . Consultado el 6 de enero de 2024 .
  20. ↑ Censo de la India: Detalles de los subdistritos. Archivado el 21 de julio de 2011 en Wayback Machine . Censusindia.gov.in. Consultado el 16 de julio de 2013.
  21. ↑ Thane Gazetteer: Población: Cristianos – Discurso archivado el 10 de noviembre de 2010 en Wayback Machine . Maharashtra.gov.in. Consultado el 21 de enero de 2012.
  22. ↑ "Judío en Thane" . The Times of India . 20 de octubre de 2013. Archivado del original el 23 de diciembre de 2017. Consultado el 25 de octubre de 2017 .
  23. 1 2 "Tabla C-16 Población por lengua materna: Maharashtra (nivel de ciudad)" . census.gov.in . Registrador General y Comisionado del Censo de la India . 2011.
  24. ↑"महिला आयपीएल लिलावा ठाण्यात"[Women's Premier League auction in Thane.]. Lokmat. 2 February 2023. p. 10. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  25. ↑Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural and Political encyclopedia By Melvin Eugene Page, Penny M. Sonnenburg, page 135Archived 7 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ↑Thane is busiest railway station in Mumbai – Times Of India . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 May 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  27. ↑"Kalyan, Kurla and Thane among the 10 dirtiest stations in the country". Archived from the original on 30 December 2018.
  28. ↑"Elevated Metro depot in Thane for 3 lines to cost Rs 596.60 crore". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  29. ↑Reporter, B. S. (26 August 2015). "MMRDA sanctions Rs 35,400 cr for 118 km Mumbai metro network". Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  30. ↑Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to ThaneArchived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Hindustan Times (23 April 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  31. ↑"Maha Metro". www.mahametro.org. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
  32. 123
  33. ↑Know your Town BetterArchived 9 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Mira-Road.com.
  34. ↑Times of India report. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. (26 December 2005).
  35. ↑"Podar International School". podareducation.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  36. ↑"Best Vocational Education & Training Courses Institute in India | RAGC". Rustomjee Academy For Global Careers. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  • Thaneweb.com—The city portal
  • Official Website of Thane Forest CircleArchived 23 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  • ThaneMahapailika.com—Thane Municipal Corporation (Local Body)
  • Official website of Thane City
  • Thane District