KEK

The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (高エネルギー加速器研究機構, Kō Enerugī Kasokuki Kenkyū Kikō), known as KEK, is a Japanese organization whose purpose is to operate the largest particle physics laboratory in Japan, situated in Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture. It was established in 1997.^[1] The term "KEK" is also used to refer to the laboratory itself, which employs approximately 695 employees.^[2] KEK's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics, material science, structural biology, radiation science, computing science, nuclear transmutation and so on. Numerous experiments have been constructed at KEK by the internal and international collaborations that have made use of them. Makoto Kobayashi, emeritus professor at KEK, is known globally for his work on CP-violation, and was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.

36°08′55″N140°04′37″E / 36.14861°N 140.07694°E / 36.14861; 140.07694

KEK was established in 1997 in a reorganization of the Institute of Nuclear Study at the University of Tokyo (established in 1955), the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (established in 1971), and the Meson Science Laboratory of the University of Tokyo (established in 1988).^[1] However, the reorganization was not a simple merge of the aforementioned laboratories. As such, KEK was not the only new institute created at that time, because not all of the work of the parent institutions fell under the umbrella of high energy physics; for example, the Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo, was concurrently established for low energy nuclear physics in a research partnership with RIKEN.

• 1971: National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK) was established.
• 1976: The protonsynchrotron (PS) produced an 8 GeV beam as designed. The PS achieved 12 GeV.
• 1978: The Booster Synchrotron Utilization Facility and a Photon Factory (PF) were founded.
• 1982: The PF succeeded in storing a 2.5 GeV electronbeam.
• 1984: The Transposable Ring Intersecting Storage Accelerator in Nippon (TRISTAN) Accumulation Ring (AR) accelerated an electron beam to 6.5 GeV.
• 1985: The AR accelerated a positron beam to 5 GeV.
• 1986: The TRISTAN Main Ring (MR) accelerated both electron and positron beams to 25.5 GeV.
• 1988: The MR energy was upgraded to 30 GeV with the help of superconducting accelerating cavities.
• 1989: Accelerator and Synchrotron Radiation Science departments were established in the Graduate University for Advanced Studies.
• 1994: KEKB B-factory construction began.
• 1995: TRISTAN experiments (AMY, JADE, TOPAZ, VENUS) finished.
• 1997: The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization was established.
• 1998: First beam storage at KEKB (KEK B-factory) ring.
• 1999: The Long-baseline Neutrino Oscillation experiment (K2K) began. The Belle experiment at the KEKB began operation.
• 2001: Construction of High Intensity Proton Accelerators (J-PARC) started.
• 2004: Became the Inter-University Research Institute Corporation High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. K2K experiment ended.
• 2005: Tokai Campus was opened. Experiments at PS ended.
• 2006: J-PARC Center was established.
• 2008: Prof. Makoto Kobayashi won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• 2009: J-PARC construction was completed.
• 2016: First turns and successful storage of beams in the SuperKEKB electron and positron rings^[3]
• 2017: Completed the 'rolling-in' of the Belle II experiment in Tsukuba, Japan.
• 2018: First collisions of SuperKEKB beams inside Belle II detector^[4]

KEK has four main laboratories

• Accelerator Laboratory: Laboratory to study, develop, build and manage particle accelerators.
• Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies: Pedestal physics laboratory to study elementary particle physics, nuclear physics and astrophysics.
• Instituto de Ciencia de la Estructura de los Materiales: Laboratorio de física aplicada para el estudio de las estructuras de los materiales.
• Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada: Laboratorio utilizado para apoyar la investigación mediante aceleradores de partículas .

Los científicos del KEK imparten formación a los estudiantes de doctorado de la Escuela de Ciencias de Aceleradores de Alta Energía de la Universidad de Posgrado para Estudios Avanzados .

• Campus de Tsukuba: 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0801, Japón
• Campus Tokai: 2-4 Shirane Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319–1195, Japón

KEK cuenta con supercomputadoras de la clase más rápida de Japón, y el Centro de Investigación en Computación de KEK administra los sistemas informáticos. El rendimiento operativo teórico de SR16000, una supercomputadora fabricada por Hitachi , es de 46 TFLOPS . El rendimiento operativo teórico de Blue Gene Solution, una supercomputadora fabricada por IBM , es de 57,3 TFLOPS. Estas supercomputadoras se utilizaron principalmente para estudiar la cromodinámica cuántica y la física numérica de aceleradores , y se han desactivado para dar paso a una nueva supercomputadora en el futuro. El Centro de Investigación en Computación también administra otros sistemas informáticos: KEKCC, el Sistema Informático de la Fábrica B y el Sistema Informático de Luz de Sincrotrón. ^{[ 7 ]}

KEK alojó el primer sitio web en Japón el 30 de septiembre de 1992. El sitio web original todavía se puede ver. ^{[ 8 ]}

• SuperKEKB
• Experimento de Belle II
• KEKB (acelerador)
• Experimento de Belle
• Makoto Kobayashi (físico)
• J-PARC
• Super-Kamiokande
• Colisionador lineal internacional
• CERN
• Fermilab
• DESY
• Laboratorio Nacional de Aceleradores SLAC
• Laboratorio Nacional de Brookhaven
• Experimento de Amy

• Sitio web oficial
• Sitio web oficial del Colisionador Lineal Internacional
• Primer sitio web en Japón