Los ocupantes ilegales de Silverado (1883) es un libro de memorias de viaje escrito por Robert Louis Stevenson sobre su viaje de luna de miel de dos meses con Fanny Vandegrift (y su hijo Lloyd Osbourne ) al valle de Napa , California , en 1880.
Fondo
En julio de 1879, Stevenson recibió la noticia de que el divorcio de su futura esposa estadounidense estaba casi finalizado, pero que ella se encontraba gravemente enferma. Abandonó Escocia de inmediato y viajó para reunirse con ella en Monterey, California (su viaje se detalla en The Amateur Emigrant (1894) y Across the Plains (1892)). Arruinado económicamente, aquejado de una bronquitis fibrinosa crónica y con su carrera literaria estancada, fue atendido por su médico, su enfermera y su futura esposa, mientras residía brevemente en Monterey, San Francisco y Oakland . Su padre le había proporcionado dinero para ayudarlo, y el 19 de mayo de 1880 se casó con la oriunda de Indianápolis, a quien había conocido en Francia en 1875, poco después de los acontecimientos de An Inland Voyage . Aún demasiado débil para emprender el viaje de regreso a Escocia, unos amigos le sugirieron Calistoga , en el valle superior del Napa, con su aire saludable de montaña.
Resumen
La pareja se dirigió primero al Hotel Hot Springs en Calistoga, pero al no poder costear los 10 dólares semanales, pasaron una luna de miel poco convencional en una barraca abandonada de tres pisos en un campamento minero en ruinas llamado "Silverado", en la ladera del Monte Santa Elena, en las montañas Mayacamas . Allí vivieron de okupa durante dos meses en verano, instalando ventanas improvisadas de tela y acarreando agua a mano desde un arroyo cercano, mientras esquivaban serpientes de cascabel y los ocasionales bancos de niebla tan perjudiciales para la salud de Stevenson.
The Silverado Squatters provides some views of California during the late 19th century. Stevenson uses the first telephone of his life. He meets a number of wine growers in Napa Valley, an enterprise he deems "experimental", with growers sometimes even mislabeling the bottles as originating from Spain in order to sell their product to skeptical Americans. He visits the oldest wine grower in the valley, Jacob Schram, who had been experimenting for 18 years at his Schramsberg Winery, and had recently expanded the wine cellar in his backyard. Stevenson also visits a petrified forest owned by an old Swedish ex-sailor who had stumbled upon it while clearing farmland—the precise nature of the petrified forest remained for everyone a source of curiosity. Stevenson also details his encounters with a local Jewish merchant, whom he compares to a character in a Charles Dickens novel (probably Fagin from Oliver Twist), and portrays as happy-go-lucky but always scheming to earn a dollar. Like Dickens in American Notes (1842), Stevenson found the American habit of spitting on the floor hard to get used to.
His experiences at Silverado were recorded in a journal he called "Silverado Sketches", parts of which he incorporated into Silverado Squatters in 1883 while living in Bournemouth, England, with other tales appearing in "Essays of Travel" and "Across the Plains". Many of his notes on the scenery around him later provided much of the descriptive detail for Treasure Island (1883).
Legacy
The Robert Louis Stevenson State Park now encompasses the area where the Stevensons stayed. The entrance to the park is at the summit of State Route 29. A new trail has been constructed in recent years. The Robert Louis Stevenson Museum in St. Helena, California, is dedicated to Stevenson.
Resources and editions

Editions
- An omnibus collection of Stevenson's travel writings, including The Silverado Squatters at Standard Ebooks
- The Silverado Squatters at Project Gutenberg
- The Silverado Squatters, audiobook, Blue Pylon Creative (2005). ISBN 0-9765765-0-3
- The Silverado Squatters, reprint, Tauris Parke Paperbacks (2009). ISBN 1-84511-990-8
Resources
- Silverado Museum in St. Helena, California, devoted to Robert Louis Stevenson.
- 1883 non-fiction books
- American travel books
- English-language non-fiction books
- Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
- History of Napa County, California
- Books about California
- Chatto & Windus books