Articulo de referencia

Thuingaleng Muivah

1980–1988 undivided NSCN 1988–present NSCN(I-M)"},"occupation":{"wt":"General Secretary of the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|NSCN(I-M)]]"},"spouse":{"wt":"Pakahao Mui...

Thuingaleng Muivah (born 3 March 1934) is a Naga nationalist politician and General Secretary of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (I-M).[1]

Early career

He joined the Naga National Council (NNC), an armed group campaigning for secession of Nagaland from India.[2] He subsequently became the General Secretary of NNC. When a group of NNC leaders signed the Shillong Accord of 1975 with the Government of India, Muviah and some others denounced them as traitors.[3]

NNC to NSCN

In 1980, a faction led by Isak Chishi Swu, S. S. Khaplang and Muivah broke away from NNC to form the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN).[4] The NSCN was formed as a result of discontentment with the Shillong Accord, and continued secessionist activities abandoned by the NNC. The group later split into NSCN(I-M) led by Swu and Muivah, and NSCN (K) led by Khaplang due to major disagreements.

Peace talks

NSCN (I-M) under the leadership of Muivah and Isak Chishi Swu signed a ceasefire agreement with the Government of India in August 1997 after decades of engaging in hostile fighting with Indian security forces. The major breakthrough of the peace talk happened on 3 August 2015[5] with the signing of a peace accord between Muivah-led NSCN(I-M) and the Narendra Modi-led Indian Government.[6]

In 2010, the Manipur state government barred Muivah from returning to his native Ukhrul District, which he had not visited since 1973, triggering large-scale deadly protests. He was finally allowed to return in 2025.[7]

Factional conflict and controversies

Following the split of the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN) in 1988, relations between the NSCN (I-M) and NSCN (K) factions were marked by prolonged armed confrontation. The rivalry resulted in numerous inter-factional clashes, causing casualties among members of both organisations as well as civilians, and has been identified by scholars as a significant obstacle to the Naga peace process.[8][9]

Como secretario general del NSCN (IM), Muivah siguió siendo uno de los principales líderes políticos de la organización durante este período. El NSCN (IM) ha enfrentado acusaciones de agencias de investigación indias con respecto a la extorsión mediante el cobro de "impuestos" ilegales y otras actividades relacionadas con la insurgencia, lo que ha dado lugar a investigaciones por parte de agencias como la Dirección de Ejecución. [ 10 ]

El NSCN (IM) ha sostenido que representa las aspiraciones políticas del pueblo Naga y ha descrito consistentemente su movimiento como uno que busca la autodeterminación Naga a través de una solución política negociada. [ 11 ]

Silencio sobre las restricciones estructurales

Varios analistas han señalado que las áreas reclamadas como parte de Nagalim enfrentan importantes desafíos económicos y administrativos. Las economías de Nagaland y Manipur siguen dependiendo en gran medida de las transferencias fiscales del Gobierno de la India. Según el análisis de PRS Legislative Research de los presupuestos estatales de 2026-27, se espera que aproximadamente el 86 % de los ingresos de Nagaland y el 88 % de los ingresos de Manipur provengan de impuestos y subvenciones centrales. [ 12 ] [ 13 ]

Los investigadores también han identificado el terreno montañoso de la región, la infraestructura de transporte limitada, los asentamientos dispersos y los niveles relativamente bajos de industrialización como obstáculos para el desarrollo económico. Estos factores se han citado como desafíos para atraer inversión privada a gran escala y establecer instituciones fiscales y administrativas independientes. [ 14 ] [ 15 ]

Los partidarios de la propuesta argumentan que una mayor autonomía política permitiría a las comunidades Naga ejercer un mayor control sobre los recursos locales y las prioridades de desarrollo. Los críticos sostienen que la distribución del territorio propuesto entre varios estados indios y Myanmar presentaría importantes desafíos administrativos y económicos. [ 16 ]

Referencias

  1. ^ Horam, Chonmipem (12 de agosto de 2010). "¿Quién es Thuingaleng Muivah?" . Zeenews.com . Consultado el 28 de junio de 2015 .
  2. "Una breve biografía de Th. Muivah" . Zee News . Consultado el 5 de agosto de 2015 .
  3. AS Atai Shimray (1 de enero de 2005). ¿Que suene la libertad?: Historia del nacionalismo naga . Bibliophile South Asia. págs. 103–104 . ISBN  978-81-85002-61-3.
  4. Samaddar, Ranabir (28 de mayo de 2015). Gobierno de paz: gobernanza social, seguridad y la problemática de la paz . Ashgate Publishing Limited. pág. 139. ISBN  978-1-4724-3493-7.
  5. "Peace Accord with India". New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  6. "On Th Muivah". Zee News. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  7. "A Naga rebel leader returns to his hometown in India's northeast after 5 decades, in photos". AP News. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
  8. Goswami, Namrata (2008). "Unravelling Insurgent Groups' Strategy: The Case of the National Socialist Council of Nagalim in India". Strategic Analysis. 32 (3): 413–438. doi:10.1080/09700160802063350.
  9. Sashinungla (2005). "Nagaland: Insurgency and Factional Intransigence". Faultlines. South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  10. "Illegal 'tax' collected, says ED charges NSCN(IM) treasurer". The Times of India. 20 December 2022.
  11. Goswami, Namrata (2007). "The Naga Narrative of Conflict: Envisioning a Resolution Roadmap". Strategic Analysis. 31 (2): 287–313. doi:10.1080/09700160701391241.
  12. "Nagaland Budget Analysis 2026-27". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  13. "Manipur Budget Analysis 2026-27". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  14. North East India Development Challenges in the Era of Globalisation. Routledge.
  15. Baruah, Sanjib (2005). Durable Disorder: Understanding the Politics of Northeast India. Oxford University Press.
  16. Goswami, Namrata (2007). "The Naga Narrative of Conflict: Envisioning a Resolution Roadmap". Strategic Analysis.