Hispanopedia WikiCon aproximadamente el 4% de la población mundial, Estados Unidos es el tercer país más poblado (después de India y China ), y el más poblado de América y del hemisferio occidental . Su población estimada era de 341.784.857 el 1 de julio de 2025, según la Oficina del Censo de EE . UU . [ 1 ] La población del país creció en 1,8 millones, o un 0,5%, entre 2024 y 2025, debido a una disminución en la migración internacional neta. [ 3 ] El año anterior, la Oficina del Censo había informado de un aumento de la población del 0,98% entre 2023 y 2024, [ 26 ] cerca de la tasa de crecimiento de la población mundial del 1,03%. [ 27 ] Estas cifras incluyen los 50 estados y la capital federal, Washington, D.C. , pero excluyen a los 3,6 millones de residentes de cinco territorios estadounidenses no incorporados ( Puerto Rico , Guam , las Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos , Samoa Americana y las Islas Marianas del Norte ), así como varias posesiones insulares menores deshabitadas . Según varios indicadores, como el origen racial y étnico, la afiliación religiosa y el porcentaje de división rural-urbana, el estado de Illinois es el más representativo de la demografía general de los Estados Unidos. [ 28 ]
La población de Estados Unidos casi se cuadruplicó durante el siglo XX, con una tasa de crecimiento promedio de alrededor del 1,3 % anual, de aproximadamente 76 millones en 1900 a 281 millones en 2000. [ 29 ] Se estima que alcanzó la marca de 200 millones en 1967 y la marca de 300 millones el 17 de octubre de 2006. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] La inmigración nacida en el extranjero provocó que la población de Estados Unidos continuara su rápido aumento, duplicándose esta población de casi 20 millones en 1990 a más de 45 millones en 2015, [ 31 ] lo que representa un tercio del aumento de la población. [ 32 ] La Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos informó a finales de 2024 que la inmigración reciente a los Estados Unidos había compensado con creces las bajas tasas de natalidad del país: "La influencia de la migración internacional neta en las tendencias demográficas ha aumentado en los últimos años. Desde 2021, representó la mayor parte del crecimiento de la nación, un cambio con respecto a las dos últimas décadas, cuando el crecimiento natural era el factor principal". Esto, a su vez, condujo a un aumento de la población de los Estados Unidos en cada uno de los años 2022, 2023 y 2024 (+0,58 %, +0,83 % y +0,98 %, respectivamente). Sin embargo, la migración internacional neta se ralentizó hasta un mínimo histórico en 2025, al igual que el crecimiento de la población de los Estados Unidos durante ese año (+0,5 %). [ 33 ] [ 3 ]
El crecimiento demográfico es más rápido entre las minorías en su conjunto, y según un análisis de la Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. de 2020 , el 50 % de los niños estadounidenses menores de 18 años pertenecen a grupos étnicos minoritarios . [ 34 ] En 2020, los estadounidenses blancos sumaban 235.411.507, es decir, el 71 % de la población, incluyendo a las personas que se identificaban como blancas en combinación con otra raza. Las personas que se identificaban únicamente como blancas (incluidos los blancos hispanos) sumaban 204.277.273, es decir, el 61,6 % de la población, mientras que los blancos no latinos constituían el 57,8 % de la población del país. [ 35 ]
Los latinoamericanos representaron el 51,1 % del crecimiento demográfico total del país entre 2010 y 2020. [ 36 ] La población hispana o latina aumentó de 50,5 millones en 2010 a 62,1 millones en 2020, un incremento del 23 % y un aumento numérico de más de 11,6 millones. [ 36 ] Se espera que los inmigrantes y sus descendientes nacidos en Estados Unidos aporten la mayor parte del crecimiento demográfico estadounidense en las próximas décadas. [ 37 ]
Los estadounidenses de origen asiático son el grupo racial de más rápido crecimiento en Estados Unidos, con una tasa de crecimiento del 35 %. Sin embargo, los estadounidenses de origen asiático multirracial constituyen el subgrupo de más rápido crecimiento, con una tasa de crecimiento del 55 %, lo que refleja el aumento de los matrimonios interraciales en Estados Unidos. [ 38 ] [ 39 ]
A partir de 2026Según datos provisionales, los nacimientos de madres blancas estadounidenses siguen representando alrededor del 50 % del total de Estados Unidos. La continua disminución de las tasas de fecundidad entre las madres afroamericanas y asiático-americanas , con ambos grupos muy por debajo del promedio estadounidense, ha provocado un lento descenso de la tasa de fecundidad total desde 2020. Estados Unidos sigue teniendo una de las tasas de fecundidad más altas entre los países de altos ingresos. [ 40 ]
Población
En 1900, cuando la población de Estados Unidos era de 76 millones, había 66,8 millones de estadounidenses blancos en Estados Unidos, que representaban el 88% de la población total, [ 42 ] 8,8 millones de estadounidenses negros, de los cuales aproximadamente el 90% aún vivía en los estados del sur, [ 43 ] y algo más de 500.000 hispanos. [ 44 ]
Según la ley federal, la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad de 1965 , [ 45 ] el número de inmigrantes de primera generación que viven en los Estados Unidos ha aumentado, [ 46 ] de 9,6 millones en 1970 a unos 38 millones en 2007. [ 47 ] Alrededor de un millón de personas inmigraron legalmente a los Estados Unidos por año en la década de 1990, frente a 250.000 por año en la década de 1950. [ 48 ]
En 1900, los blancos no hispanos constituían casi el 97% de la población de las 10 ciudades más grandes de Estados Unidos . [ 49 ] La Oficina del Censo informó que las minorías (incluidos los blancos hispanos) representaban el 50,4% de los niños nacidos en Estados Unidos entre julio de 2010 y julio de 2011, [ 50 ] en comparación con el 37% en 1990. [ 51 ]
En 2014, el estado con la tasa de fertilidad más baja fue Rhode Island, con una tasa de 1,56, mientras que Utah tuvo la tasa más alta con una tasa de 2,33. [ 52 ] Esto se correlaciona con las edades de las poblaciones de los estados: Rhode Island tiene la novena edad media más alta de EE. UU. ( 39,2 ) mientras que Utah tiene la más baja ( 29,0). [ 53 ]
En 2017, la tasa de natalidad de EE. UU. se mantuvo muy por debajo del nivel de reemplazo necesario (al menos 2,1 hijos por mujer para no experimentar disminuciones de población), ya que los nacimientos de estadounidenses blancos cayeron en los 50 estados y el Distrito de Columbia. Entre las mujeres blancas no hispanas, ningún estado tuvo una tasa de fertilidad por encima del nivel de reemplazo. Entre las mujeres negras no hispanas, 12 estados alcanzaron por encima del nivel de reemplazo necesario. Entre las mujeres hispanas, 29 estados lo hicieron. [ 54 ] Para las mujeres blancas no hispanas, la tasa de fertilidad total más alta fue en Utah, con 2,099, y la más baja en el Distrito de Columbia, con 1,012. Entre las mujeres negras no hispanas, la tasa de fertilidad total más alta fue en Maine, con 4,003, y la más baja en Wyoming, con 1,146. Para las mujeres hispanas, la tasa de fecundidad total más alta se registró en Alabama, con 3,085, y la más baja en Vermont, con 1,200, y Maine, con 1,281. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] A partir de 2016, debido al envejecimiento, las bajas tasas de natalidad y el aumento de la mortalidad impulsado en parte por las sobredosis de drogas , las muertes superan a los nacimientos entre los blancos no hispanos en más de la mitad de los estados del país. [ 56 ]
Índice de crecimiento
- Tasas de crecimiento de la población de EE. UU.: 0,98 % (2024), 0,83 % (2023), 0,58 % (2022), 0,16 % (2021), 0,41 % (2020) [ 26 ]
Distribución por edad y sexo
Distribución por sexo
El censo estadounidense de 2020 informó que había más mujeres que hombres, representando las mujeres el 50,9 % (o 168.763.470 personas) de la población y los hombres el 49,1 % (o 162.685.811 personas). El censo anterior, de 2010, también informó que había más mujeres que hombres; sin embargo, las mujeres representaban un porcentaje ligeramente menor de la población, el 50,8 %, y los hombres un porcentaje ligeramente mayor, el 49,2 %. [ 58 ]
El primer censo estadounidense que reportó más mujeres que hombres fue el censo de 1950. [ 59 ]
Tenga en cuenta que esta tabla muestra a algunas personas en más de un grupo: por ejemplo, una persona de 90 años está incluida tres veces: en "65+", "75+" y "85+".
Distribución porcentual de la población total por edad: 1900 a 2015
Fuentes: Oficina del Censo de EE. UU., Departamento de Comercio de EE. UU., proyecciones de variante media de las Naciones Unidas [ 61 ]
Índice de dependencia
El índice de dependencia es la proporción de personas que normalmente no forman parte de la población activa (la población dependiente, que incluye a las personas de 0 a 14 años y a las mayores de 65) con respecto a la población activa (la población productiva, de 15 a 64 años). Se utiliza para medir la presión sobre la población productiva. El índice de apoyo es la proporción de la población en edad laboral con respecto a la población anciana, es decir, el recíproco del índice de dependencia de la tercera edad.
Densidad
El estado con mayor densidad de población es Nueva Jersey (1.263/mi 2 o 488/km 2 ).
La población está altamente urbanizada , con el 83,3% de la población residiendo en ciudades y suburbios. [ 7 ] Grandes conglomerados urbanos se extienden por la mitad oriental de los Estados Unidos (particularmente el área de los Grandes Lagos, noreste, este y sureste) y los estados de la franja occidental; las áreas montañosas, principalmente las Montañas Rocosas y la cadena de los Apalaches, los desiertos en el suroeste, los densos bosques boreales en el extremo norte y los estados de las praderas centrales están menos densamente poblados; la población de Alaska se concentra a lo largo de su costa sur, con especial énfasis en la ciudad de Anchorage , y la de Hawái se centra en la isla de Oahu. [ 7 ] California y Texas son los estados más poblados, ya que el centro medio de la población de los Estados Unidos se ha desplazado constantemente hacia el oeste y el sur. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] La ciudad de Nueva York es la ciudad más poblada de los Estados Unidos [ 66 ] y lo ha sido desde al menos 1790 .
En los territorios estadounidenses , los centros de población incluyen el área metropolitana de San Juan en Puerto Rico , [ 67 ] Saipán en las Islas Marianas del Norte , [ 68 ] y la isla de Tutuila en Samoa Americana . [ 69 ]
Edad media de la población
La mediana de edad de la población total en 2021 es de 38,8 años; la mediana de edad masculina es de 37,7 años; la mediana de edad femenina es de 39,8 años. [ 60 ]
Edad media de la población estadounidense a lo largo de la historia. Fuente: Departamento de Comercio de los Estados Unidos , Oficina del Censo , Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos y The World Factbook . [ 70 ] [ 71 ]
centros de población
Estados Unidos cuenta con docenas de ciudades importantes, incluyendo 31 "ciudades globales" [ 72 ] de todo tipo, con 10 en el grupo "alfa" de ciudades globales: Nueva York , Los Ángeles , Chicago , Washington, D.C. , Boston , San Francisco , Miami , Filadelfia , Dallas y Atlanta . [ 73 ] A partir de 2021En Estados Unidos, había 56 áreas metropolitanas con un millón o más de habitantes. (La Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. clasificó a Honolulu urbana como la 56.ª área más poblada, con poco más de un millón de residentes).
A partir de 2011Aproximadamente 250 millones de estadounidenses viven en áreas urbanas o sus alrededores. Esto significa que más de tres cuartas partes de la población de EE. UU. ocupan apenas el tres por ciento de la superficie terrestre del país. [ 74 ]
Población por año (incluye estimaciones)
Esta tabla incluye la población oficial de Estados Unidos por año, según la Oficina del Censo de EE. UU. , e incluye las estimaciones intercensales de dicha oficina. Estas estimaciones se toman el 1 de julio de cada año, pero no se incluyen para los años del censo decenal (2000, 2010, 2020, etc.). Se indica si la cifra corresponde al censo decenal o a una estimación intercensal.
Estadísticas vitales
Tabla demográfica de EE. UU.
Fuentes: población, [ 75 ] [ 76 ] [ 77 ] [ 41 ] nacimientos y defunciones, [ 78 ] [ 79 ] [ 80 ] [ 81 ] TFR, [ 82 ] [ 83 ] [ 84 ] IMR, [ 85 ] [ 86 ] [ 87 ] [ 88 ] esperanza de vida [ 89 ]
Acontecimientos destacados en la demografía estadounidense:
- 1846–1851: La inmigración irlandesa durante la Gran Hambruna
- 1861–1865: Guerra Civil Estadounidense
- 1874–1879: La Gran Depresión
- 1917-1918: Primera Guerra Mundial y pandemia de gripe española
- 1929-1939: Gran Depresión
- 1941–1945: Segunda Guerra Mundial
- 1946–1964: baby boom de mediados del siglo XX
- 1957-1958: Pandemia de gripe asiática
- 2008: Crisis financiera de 2008 y Gran Recesión
- 2020–2023: Pandemia de COVID-19
- 2022-2024: Crisis fronteriza entre México y Estados Unidos
- ↑ Los datos provisionales para 2025 (especialmente para los últimos meses del año) están sujetos a revisiones adicionales en 2026 debido a la falta de notificación de certificados de nacimiento y defunción.
Estadísticas vitales actuales
Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos , en 2021, la población de los Estados Unidos creció a un ritmo más lento que en cualquier otro año desde la fundación del país. [ 92 ] La población de los Estados Unidos creció solo un 0,1% con respecto al año anterior. [ 92 ] La población de los Estados Unidos ha crecido en menos de un millón de personas por primera vez desde 1937, con el crecimiento numérico más bajo desde al menos 1900, cuando la Oficina del Censo comenzó las estimaciones anuales de población. [ 92 ] Aparte de los últimos años, cuando el crecimiento de la población se desplomó a niveles históricamente bajos, el ritmo de aumento más lento del siglo XX se produjo entre 1918 y 1919, cuando la epidemia de gripe y la Primera Guerra Mundial estaban en pleno apogeo. [ 92 ] El crecimiento demográfico más lento ha sido la norma en los Estados Unidos durante algunos años, debido a la menor fertilidad y la migración internacional neta , así como al aumento de la mortalidad por el envejecimiento de la población. [ 92 ]
Dicho de otro modo, desde mediados de la década de 2010, los nacimientos y la migración internacional neta han disminuido, mientras que las muertes han aumentado. Estas tendencias tienen un efecto acumulativo de reducción del crecimiento demográfico. [ 92 ]
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha acelerado esta tendencia, lo que ha dado como resultado un aumento de la población históricamente lento en 2021.
La tasa de crecimiento es del 0,1% según las estimaciones para 2021. [ 92 ]
La tasa de natalidad es de 11,0 nacimientos por cada 1000 habitantes, según datos de 2020. [ 93 ] Esta fue la tasa de natalidad más baja desde que se tienen registros. En 2020 se registraron 3.613.647 nacimientos, la cifra más baja desde 1980. [ 93 ]
- 11,0 nacimientos por cada 1.000 habitantes al año (datos finales de 2020).
- 11,4 nacimientos/1.000 habitantes por año (datos finales de 2019). [ 93 ]
En 2020, los CDC informaron que hubo 1.676.911 matrimonios , en comparación con los 2.015.603 matrimonios de 2019. [ 94 ] Las tasas de matrimonio variaron significativamente según el estado, desde 3,2 matrimonios por cada 1.000 habitantes en California hasta 21,0 matrimonios por cada 1.000 habitantes en Nevada.* [ 95 ]
- 5,1 matrimonios/1.000 habitantes al año (datos provisionales para 2020). [ 94 ]
- 6,1 matrimonios/1.000 habitantes al año (datos provisionales de 2019). [ 94 ]
* Las tasas se basan en recuentos provisionales de matrimonios por estado donde ocurrieron.
En 2009, la revista Time informó que el 40% de los nacimientos en Estados Unidos correspondieron a mujeres solteras. [ 96 ] A continuación se presenta un desglose por raza de los nacimientos fuera del matrimonio: 17% asiáticos, 29% blancos, 53% hispanos (de cualquier raza), 66% nativos americanos y 72% afroamericanos. [ 97 ]
Según los CDC, en 2020 se registraron al menos 1.461.121 nacimientos de mujeres solteras, lo que representa el 40,5% del total de nacimientos en Estados Unidos. A continuación se presenta un desglose por raza de los nacimientos de mujeres solteras: 28,4% blancas no hispanas, 70,4% negras no hispanas y 52,8% hispanas (de cualquier raza). [ 98 ]
Se cree que la caída de la tasa de natalidad en Estados Unidos entre 2007 y 2009 está asociada con la Gran Recesión . [ 99 ]
Un estudio de la Agencia para la Investigación y la Calidad de la Atención Médica (AHRQ) encontró que más de la mitad (51 por ciento) de los nacimientos vivos en hospitales en 2008 y 2011 fueron varones. [ 100 ]
Según datos del gobierno federal de EE. UU. publicados en marzo de 2011, los nacimientos cayeron un 4 % entre 2007 y 2009, la mayor caída en EE. UU. para cualquier período de dos años desde la década de 1970. [ 101 ] Los nacimientos han disminuido durante tres años consecutivos y ahora están un 7 % por debajo del pico de 2007. [ 102 ] Esta caída ha continuado durante 2010, según datos publicados por el Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de Salud de EE. UU. en junio de 2011. [ 102 ] Numerosos expertos han sugerido que esta disminución es en gran medida un reflejo de condiciones económicas desfavorables. [ 103 ] Esta conexión entre las tasas de natalidad y las recesiones económicas se debe en parte al hecho de que las tasas de natalidad estadounidenses han caído a niveles comparables a los de la Gran Depresión de la década de 1930. [ 104 ] Las tasas de natalidad adolescente en EE. UU. están en su nivel más bajo en la historia de EE. UU. [ 105 ] De hecho, las tasas de natalidad adolescente en los EE. UU. han disminuido constantemente desde 1991 hasta 2011, excepto por un breve aumento entre 2005 y 2007. [ 105 ] La otra anomalía de este descenso constante en las tasas de natalidad adolescente es la disminución del 6 % en las tasas de natalidad para jóvenes de 15 a 19 años entre 2008 y 2009. [ 105 ] A pesar de estos años de disminución, las tasas de natalidad adolescente en los EE. UU. siguen siendo más altas que en otras naciones desarrolladas. [ 105 ] También prevalecen diferencias raciales en las tasas de natalidad y embarazo adolescente. Las tasas de embarazo adolescente de indígenas estadounidenses/nativos de Alaska, hispanos y negros no hispanos son más del doble que la tasa de natalidad adolescente de blancos no hispanos. [ 106 ]
Tasa de fecundidad total (TFT)
En 1800, la mujer estadounidense promedio tenía 7,04 hijos; [ 107 ] para la primera década de 1900, este número ya había disminuido a 3,56. [ 108 ] Desde 1971, la tasa de natalidad ha estado generalmente por debajo de la tasa de reemplazo de 2,1 . [ 109 ] [ 110 ] : 3 Desde la Gran Recesión de 2007 , la tasa ha estado consistentemente por debajo del reemplazo. [ 109 ] [ 110 ] : 3 La caída en la TFR de 2,08 por mujer en 2007 a 1,76 en 2017 se debió principalmente a la disminución de la tasa de natalidad de las minorías étnicas, las adolescentes y las mujeres de 30 años. [ 111 ] Durante ese período, la tasa de natalidad para las mujeres de 35 a 44 años ha aumentado. [ 109 ] [ 111 ] La tasa general de fecundidad que finalizó en 12 meses aumentó de 56,6 a 57,0 en el primer trimestre de 2022 en comparación con el cuarto trimestre de 2021. [ 112 ]
Tasas de fecundidad total desde 1800 hasta 2020
La tasa de fecundidad total es el número de hijos nacidos por mujer. Fuentes: Ansley J. Coale , Zelnik y Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de Salud . [ 113 ]
La tasa de fecundidad total de EE. UU. en 2020 es de 1,641 [ 93 ].
- 1,55 para blancos no hispanos [ 93 ]
- 1,71 para los negros no hispanos [ 93 ]
- 1,65 para los nativos americanos (incluidos los hispanos)
- 1,53 para los estadounidenses de origen asiático (incluidos los hispanos)
Otros: [ 52 ]
- 1,88 para los hispanos (de todos los grupos raciales) [ 93 ]
(Cabe señalar que aproximadamente el 95 % de los hispanos están incluidos como "hispanos blancos" por los CDC, que no reconocen la categoría "Otra raza" del Censo y cuentan a las personas de esa categoría como blancas).
Fuente: Informe nacional de estadísticas vitales basado en datos del censo de EE. UU. de 2010 [ 114 ]
Tasas de fecundidad total por estado, distrito federal o territorio
Nacimientos y fertilidad por raza
Un total de 3.659.289 bebés nacieron en 2021, un aumento del 1% con respecto a 2020. Además, los investigadores también analizaron los nacimientos por raza y encontraron que las mujeres blancas e hispanas vieron cada una el número de nacimientos aumentar en aproximadamente un 2% de 2020 a 2021. Mientras tanto, las mujeres negras y asiáticas vieron el número de nacimientos disminuir en un 2,4% y un 2,5%, respectivamente, durante el mismo período, mientras que las mujeres indígenas americanas/nativas de Alaska vieron sus números caer en un 3,2%. [ 115 ] También marca el primer aumento en los nacimientos desde 2014. Antes de este informe, el número total de nacimientos había estado disminuyendo en un promedio del 2% por año. [ 115 ] Sin embargo, la tasa de fecundidad total (el número de nacimientos que las mujeres promedio tienen a lo largo de sus vidas) fue de 1,6635 nacimientos por cada mujer. Esto aún está por debajo del nivel de reemplazo, el nivel que una población necesita para reemplazarse a sí misma, que es, al menos, 2,1 nacimientos por mujer. [ 115 ]
Número de nacimientos y tasa de fecundidad total (TFT) por estado
Número de nacimientos por país de nacimiento de la madre (2024)
- Estados Unidos (75,9%)
- Países extranjeros (24,1%)
En 2024, el 24,1% (873.113) de todos los recién nacidos en los EE. UU. tenían una madre nacida en el extranjero. [ 117 ]
Número de nacimientos por raza y origen
residentes nacidos en Estados Unidos
Nota: Los hispanos se contabilizan tanto por su etnia como por su raza, lo que da como resultado una cifra total mayor. Cabe señalar también que las flechas de crecimiento indican un aumento o disminución en el número de nacimientos, no en la tasa de fecundidad. [ 52 ] [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ 125 ]
Llave :
- NH = No hispano.
- TFR = Tasa de fecundidad total (número de hijos nacidos por mujer).
- Los signos (+/-) indican un aumento o una disminución en el número de nacimientos, no en la tasa de fecundidad, en comparación con el año anterior.
Porcentaje de nacimientos de mujeres blancas no hispanas que fueron su octavo hijo o más, por estado de EE. UU., en 2021
Edad media de la madre en el primer parto
- 27,1 años (estimación de 2020) [ 93 ]
Esperanza de vida
Según los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), la esperanza de vida promedio de los estadounidenses al nacer fue de 79,0 años en 2024, un récord. [ 127 ] Esto representó un aumento de 0,6 años con respecto a los 78,4 años de 2023. [ 128 ] La esperanza de vida promedio fue de 76,4 años en 2021. [ 129 ] : 1
- Masculino: 76,5 (2024), 75,8 años (2023), 74,8 años (2022), 73,5 años (2021) [ 130 ]
- Mujeres: 81,4 años (2024), 81,1 años (2023), 80,2 años (2022), 79,3 años (2021) [ 131 ]
Starting in 1998, life expectancy in the U.S. fell behind that of other wealthy industrialized countries, and Americans' "health disadvantage" gap has been increasing ever since.[132] Average U.S. life expectancy in the United States has actually declined in four of the years following 2014 (the year when average U.S. life expectancy reached 78.9 years, its historical peak).[133] These declines were mostly reversed in 2022 (+1.1 years), 2023 (+0.9 years), and 2024 (+0.6 years). The CDC attributed the improvement in 2024 to a significant fall in the number of fatal drug overdoses, adding that "heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States, followed by cancer and unintentional injuries."[134][135] As of 2024, death rates among the youngest in the U.S. remain well higher than in peer nations.[135] In 2023, there had already been lower death rates in each of the ten U.S. leading causes of death, with gains in life expectancy largely driven by "decreases in mortality due to COVID-19, heart disease, unintentional injuries, cancer and diabetes".[135][136]
From 2019 to 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had contributed to approximately 61% of the decrease in life expectancy in the United States.[137] While increases in mortality from unintentional injuries, heart disease, homicide, and diabetes contributed to 11.7%, 5.8%, 2.9%, and 2.8% of the decrease in life expectancy from 2019 to 2020, respectively.[137] Life expectancy has also varied by racial and ethnic group, with Non-Hispanic Asians having the highest life expectancy and Non-Hispanic American Indians having the lowest.[137] In 2021, life expectancy at birth in the United States fell for the second year in a row, the first two-year drop since 1961–1963.[138]
NOTE: Data regarding life expectancy at birth for 2021 are provisional.*
- NH = Non-Hispanic.
- LEB = Life expectancy at birth
- Growth arrows (
/
) indicate an increase or decrease in total life expectancy compared to years before.
Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015
Life expectancy in the United States from 1901 to 2015. Source: Our World In Data and the United Nations.
1901–1950
1901–2015
Source: UN World Population Prospects[144]
Life tables
Future projections
In 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau published an updated projection of the U.S. population for 2023–2100, taking into account the results of the 2020 census. The future size and composition of the U.S. population were estimated using the cohort-component method and historical trends in fertility, mortality, and international migration.[145] The projection included a main variant and three alternative variants reflecting different international migration scenarios ("high immigration", "low immigration", and "zero immigration"), since immigration is the most uncertain component in population forecasting.[146]
Race, ethnicity, & other groups
- Non-Hispanic Americans (81.3%)
- Hispanic Americans (18.7%)
The following table shows the race and ethnicity of the United States per the 1930, 1970, 2000, and 2020 censuses. Data only covers states and the federal district, thus only covering the first 48 states and Washington, D.C. in 1930 and including Alaska and Hawaii as well in 1970, 2000, and 2020. The figures thus do not include various other territories that have been under the United States during this time period.[a] Over this time period, the U.S. has evolved from being 89% White, 10% Black and 1% Hispanic in 1930 to 58% White, 12% Black, and 19% Hispanic ninety years later, reflecting a significant demographic shift.
- White Americans (61.6%)
- Black Americans (12.4%)
- Two or more races (10.2%)
- Some other race (8.40%)
- Asian Americans (6.00%)
- Native Americans (1.10%)
- Pacific Islander Americans (0.20%)
Race
The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification. Many other countries count multiple races based on origin while America compiles multiple dozens of ethnicity groups into skin color grouping them together.[156] The racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:[157]
- White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.[158] It includes people who indicate their race as "White" or report entries such as English, Azerbaijani, Iranian (Kurd and Lur), Irish, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Turkish, Lebanese, Moroccan (Arab and Berber), or Caucasian.
- Black or African American: a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa.[158] It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am." or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
- American Indian or Alaska Native: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.[158] This category includes people who indicate their race as "American Indian or Alaska Native" or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup'ik, Central American Indian groups, or South American Indian groups.
- Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, such as Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.[158]
- Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.[158]
- Some other race: includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander" racial categories described above includes Asians from West Asia or Russia (non-European Russia) and White Africans.
- Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.
Data about race and ethnicity are self-reported to the Census Bureau. Since the 2000 census, Congress has authorized people to identify themselves according to more than one racial classification by selecting more than one category. Only one ethnicity may be selected, however, because the Census Bureau recognizes only two ethnicities –"Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino" –which are mutually exclusive since you can be one or the other, but not both. The singular term Hispanic has been supplanted as a federally-recognized ethnicity by the combined "Hispanic or Latino," defined by the Census Bureau as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.[159]
According to the Census Bureau website, the racial composition of the United States in 2021 was:[160]
According to the 2022 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2022 was:[161][162]
- United States in racial groups (of one race)
- United States in ethnic groups
- Distribution of Total Population by Race, 1900 to 2020 (in %)
Hispanic are shown like part of the races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.[163][71]
*Data are shown for the White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Some other race alone populations.
- Median age by each race alone and ethnicity, 2021
Source: United States Census Bureau.[164]
- Median age by race alone or in combination and ethnicity, 2021
Source: United States Census Bureau.[164]
Hispanic or Latino origin
The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino" are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – "Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano" or "Puerto Rican" or "Cuban" – as well as those who indicate that they are "another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin."[176] People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.[157]
- Population distribution by Hispanic origin 1970–2020 (in %)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census of population, 1970 (5-percent sample), 1980 to 2020.[71]
- Median age of each race alone, 2021 (Hispanic)
Source: United States Census Bureau.[164]
Note: Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race.
Indigenous peoples
As of 2020, there are 9,666,058 people identifying as American Indian and Alaska Native people in the United States, including those identifying with more than one race,[177] representing around 3% of the U.S. population. This number includes not only groups indigenous to the United States, but any Indigenous people of the Americas,[178] including Mesoamerican peoples such as the Maya, as well as Canadian and South American natives. In 2022, 634,503 Indigenous people in the United States identified with Central American Indigenous groups, 875,183 identified with the Indigenous people of Mexico, and 47,518 identified with Canadian First Nations.[179] Of the 3.2 million Americans who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native alone in 2022, around 45% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,[180][181] with this number growing as increasing numbers of Indigenous people from Latin American countries immigrate to the U.S. and more Latinos self-identify with indigenous heritage. Of groups Indigenous to the contiguous United States, the largest self-reported tribes are Cherokee (1,449,888), Navajo (434,910), Choctaw (295,373), Blackfeet (288,255), and Sioux (220,739). Additionally, 205,954 identify with an Alaska Native tribe. There are 573 federally recognized tribal governments[182] in the United States.[183]
The U.S. Census Bureau classifies Native Hawaiians separately from American Indians and Alaska Natives, grouping them with Pacific Islanders instead. According to 2022 estimates, 714,847 Americans identified with Native Hawaiian ancestry.[184]
Other groups
Veterans
There were 15.8 million veterans in 2023,[185] with 6.2% of Americans having served in the Armed Forces.[186] In 2023 the war with the highest number of veterans was the Korean War. Most veterans were male at 14 million and 1.7 million veterans were female.[185] Currently the veteran population in the United States is getting smaller but more diverse. The racial makeup of veterans was in 2023 as follows: 74.1% white, 12.6% African-American, 10.3% other/mixed-race, 2.2% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and 0.8% being Native American.[187] Veterans have a lower poverty and unemployment than non-veterans but have higher rates of disability than non-veterans.[188]
Illegal immigrants
In 2010, The Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million illegal immigrants in the country.[189] In 2017, the Pew Research Center reported an estimated 10.5 million illegal immigrants in the U.S.[190] In 2025, Pew announced that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".[191]
Prisoners
In 2024, an estimated 1,867,404 adults were imprisoned in the United States according to the 2024 American Community Survey.[192]
In 2016 it was reported that 92.7% of all prisoners were male, 6.9% female, 0.3% transgender, and 0.1% nonbinary.[193] In 2022, there were 180,684 women incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails. Most women involved in the country's correctional system were actually under probation, with 717,811 being so classified. Female parolees numbered 76,870, while 87,874 women were held in prisons and 92,900 women were held in jails in 2022.[194]
Some 37% of all federal prisoners were Hispanic, 32% Black/African American, 21% white, and 2% Native American or Alaska Native. Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders made up 2% of the population, while "nearly 7% of federal prisoners identified as two or more races". In state prisons, 34% identified as Black/African American, 32% white, 21% Hispanic, 1% Native American or Alaskan Native, 1% as being either Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and 11% "identified with two or more races".[193]
LGBTQ Population
The United States Census Bureau does not measure sexual orientation but plans are in place to start measuring it starting in 2027 with the American Community Survey.[195] In 2024, Gallup reported that 9.3% of adults were LGBTQ. The percentage of people who have reported being LGBTQ has risen during the 2010s and 2020s. Of LGBTQ adults in the United States, the most common identification was bisexual, with 56.3% of LGBTQ adults identifying as bisexual; bisexual people made up 5.2% of the adult U.S. population. The survey also reported that 13.9% of LGBTQ adults were transgender and made up 1.3% of the U.S. adult population.[196]
In the 2020 United States Census, there were more reported same-sex married couples than unmarried ones as there were 668,497 married same-sex couples and 500,073 unmarried same-sex couples.[197]
In June 2023, UCLA's Williams Institute reported that there were approximately 823,000 same-sex couples in the United States. Also according to the institute, most same-sex couples were female at 53% and males were 47% of same-sex couples.[198]
Projections
A report by the U.S. Census Bureauprojects a decrease in the ratio of non-Hispanic Whites between 2023 and 2060, a decline from 58.9% of the population to 44.9%. Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2050, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.[200]
While non-Hispanic whites are projected to become a minority, the total White population (including Hispanics), will remain a majority from 2023 to 2060, falling from 75.5% to 72.3% of the population who are white alone according to the projections.[201] However, these projections are not directly comparable to other Census Bureau data, as they are based on a modified race dataset,[202] which does not include the "some other race" category used in census surveys.[203] Individuals identifying as “some other race” alone or in combination made up 16.2% of the population in 2022,[204] and they are reclassified into recognized race categories in the dataset used for the projections.[205] As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between the share of the white alone population in 2023 according to the projections (75.5%), and the estimated share of white alone (60.9%), as reported by the American Community Survey in 2022.[206]
The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 19.1% today to 26.9% by 2060, the Black percentage barely rising from 13.6% to 14.8%, and Asian Americans upping their 6.3% share to 9.4%. The United States had a population of 333 million people in July 2023, and is projected to reach 355 million by 2040 and 364 million in 2060.[207][208][209][210][211] It is further projected that all of the increase in population from 2023 to 2060 will be due to immigrants.
Of the nation's children in 2060, 64% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 51% today. Approximately 32% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 26% in 2023), and 36% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 49% in 2023). Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of U.S. children under 5 years old in 2015.[212]
The fastest growing racial group in America is Asian Americans with a growth rate of 35%, however the multiracial mixed Asian group is growing even faster, with a growth rate of 55%. Multiracial Asians are therefore the fastest growing demographic group in America.[39][38]
In 2020, it was reported that 51.0% of births were to non-Hispanic white mothers.[114] In 2021, the percentage increased to 51.5%.[114][213] However, by 2022 the rate of births to white mothers had declined by 3%, dropping to 50% of all total births. In the same period, the rate of births to Asian and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.[214] In the same time period, births to Asian American and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.[215]
- Population pyramids of racial groups (of one race)
- Population pyramids of ethnic groups
Non-Hispanic African Americans
- Pew Research Center projections
The United Nations projects a population of just over 400 million in 2060.
The country's racial profile will be vastly different, and although whites will remain the single largest ethnic group in the U.S., they will no longer be a majority excluding White Hispanics by 2055 according to Pew Research Center. Growth in the Hispanic and Asian populations is predicted to almost triple over the next 40 years. By 2055, the breakdown is estimated to be 48% non-Hispanic white, 24% Hispanic, 16% Black, and 14% Asian.[217]
As of 2015, 14% of the United States' population is foreign born, compared to just 5% in 1965. Nearly 39 million immigrants have come to the U.S. since 1965, with most coming from Asia and Latin America. The 2015 Census Report predicts that the percentage of the U.S. population that is foreign-born will continue to increase, reaching 19% by 2060. This increase in the foreign-born population will account for a large share of the overall population growth.[217]
The average person in the U.S. of 2060 is likely to be older than the average person of 2018 today, and it is projected that almost one in four people will be 65 or older.[217]
U.S. Census Census Bureau projections
- Percent minority 1970–2042 (2008 projections)
- [71]
Note: "Minority" refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census.
- Total US population
Self-reported ancestry
This table displays all self-reported ancestries with over 10,000 members according to estimates from the 2026 American Community Survey.
Religion
Religious affiliations
- Protestantism (39.0%)
- Catholicism (19.0%)
- Mormon (2.00%)
- Other Christian (2.00%)
- Jewish (2.00%)
- Muslim (1.00%)
- Buddhist (1.00%)
- Hindu (1.00%)
- Other religion (3.00%)
- Unaffiliated (29.0%)
- Refused (1.00%)
The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body.[220]In 2004, the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.[221]
According to data from Pew Research, Americans are significantly more religious on average than populations in other developed Western nations, with 55% of Americans reporting praying daily, compared to only 25% of Canadians, 18% of Australians, 6% of British people, and 22% of Europeans as a whole.[222] The country has a smaller share of unaffiliated or atheist population than most other Western nations. However, this population has been growing significantly in recent decades. Surveys conducted in 2014 and 2019 by Pew indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion increased from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014 and 26% of the population in 2019.[223][224] A Pew Research Survey performed in 2012 found that the number of Americans without a religion was approaching the number of Evangelical Protestants, and estimated that if the current growth rate in irreligion continued, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion by 2050.[225]
According to statistical data made by the Pew Research Center in 2023 about 62% of the US population is Christian, 29% is Unaffiliated, 2% is Jewish, 1% follows Buddhism, 1% follows Hinduism, 1% follows Islam and 3% follow traditional religions and others.[226] Currently, the United States has the largest Christian population in the world (approximately 210 million) and the largest Protestant Christian population (approximately 130 million). The country also has the second largest Jewish community in the world (after Israel) and the largest Buddhist and Hindu communities in the West, as well as the largest number of followers of Islam in North America. The country has about 99 million non-affiliates (only China and Japan have more).
Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001
Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2014
Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.
According to Pew Research Center study released in 2018, by 2040, Islam will surpass Judaism to become the second largest religion in the US due to higher immigration and birth rates.[252]
Religions of U.S. adults
The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.
Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.
Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008[253]Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.
States in the United States by Catholic population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[254] States with Catholic population greater than the United States as a whole are in full red.
States in the United States by Evangelical Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[254] States with Evangelical Protestant populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
States in the United States by Mainline or Black Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[254] States with Mainline or Black Protestant population greater than the United States as a whole are in full purple.
States in the United States by non-Christian (e.g. Non-religious, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist) population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[254] States with non-Christian populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full blue.
States in the United States by non-Protestant and non-Catholic Christian (e.g. Mormon, Jehovah's Witness, Eastern Orthodox) population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[254] States with non-Catholic/non-Protestant Christian population greater than the United States as a whole are in full green.
Migration
Immigration
Foreign-born population
As of 2017, an estimated 44,525,458 residents of the United States were foreign-born,[256] 13.5% of the country's total population. This demographic includes recent as well as longstanding immigrants; statistically Europeans have resided in the US longer than those from other regions with approximately 66% having arrived prior to 2000.[257]
Immigration (2023)
In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents (including many eligible to become citizens), 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.[259] The Pew Research Center estimated that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".[260]
Among current living immigrants to the U.S., the top five countries of birth are Mexico (25% of immigrants), China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (5%) and El Salvador (3%). Some 13% of current living immigrants come from Europe and Canada, and 10% from the Caribbean.[259] Among new arrivals, Asian immigrants have been more numerous than Hispanic immigrants since 2010; in 2017, 37.4% of immigrant arrivals were Asian, and 26.6% were Hispanic.[259] Until 2017 and 2018, the United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.[261] From fiscal year 1980 until 2017, 55% of refugees came from Asia, 27% from Europe, 13% from Africa, and 4% from Latin America, fleeing war and persecution.[261]
- Net migration rate (2024): 3 migrants/1,000 population.[7] Country comparison to the world: 38th[7]
- Net migration rate* (2020–2021): 0.73 migrants/1,000 population.[262]
*(mid-year estimates)
As of 2017, 13.6% (44.4 million) of the population was foreign-born – an increase from 4.7% in 1970 but less than the 1890 record of 14.8%. Some 45% of the foreign-born population were naturalized US citizens. Around 23% (10.3 million) of the foreign-born community is undocumented, accounting for 3.2% of the total population.[259] According to the 2010 census, Latin America and the Caribbean is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for 53% of the foreign-born population. As of 2018, this region is still the largest source of immigrants to the United States.[263][264][265] In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S. born children of immigrants (second-generation Americans) in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.[266] In 2018, 1,096,611 immigrants were granted either permanent or temporary legal residence in the United States[267]
Emigration and Expatriation
As of April 2015, the U.S. State Department estimated that 8.7 million American citizens live overseas. Americans living abroad are not counted in the U.S. Census unless they are federal government employees or dependents of a federal employee.[270] A 2010 paper estimated the number of civilian Americans living abroad to be around 4 million.[271] So-called "accidental Americans" are citizens of a country other than the United States who may also be considered U.S. citizens or be eligible for U.S. citizenship under specific laws but are not aware of having such status (or became aware of it only recently).[272]
As of 2022, 1.6 million Americans live in Mexico, according to the State Department.[273]
Economics
Income
In 2020, the median household income in the United States was around $67,521, 2.9 percent less than the 2019 median of $69,560.[274] Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.
Counties in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[278] Counties with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
States in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[278] States with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
Counties in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] Counties with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] States with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
Counties in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] Counties with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] States with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
Counties in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] Counties with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
States in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[279] States with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
Economic class
Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:
Unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted)
The U6 unemployment rate as of April 2017 was 8.6 percent.[285] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U6 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have become discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.
Urban Americans have more job opportunities than those in more rural areas. From 2008 to 2018, 72% of the nation's employment growth occurred in cities with more than one million residents, which account for 56% of the overall population.[286]
Generational cohorts
A definitive recent study of U.S. generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"[287] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some indicated eight or nine) distinct cohorts became evident.
Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:
U.S. demographic birth cohorts
Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.[296]
From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to levels prior to World War II, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.[297]
Mobility
In 2021, 27.1 million Americans said they were living in a different place than a year before, compared to 29.8 million in 2020. This reflects an 8.4% mover rate, the lowest recorded in more than 70 years.[298]
Education
In 2022 the most common level of highest educational attainment among those 25 years old and up (who were civilian and not institutionalized) was completing high school.[299]
Housing
According to the 2020 United States Census, the country had a total of 140,498,736 housing units, of which 126,817,580 (90.3%) were occupied and 13,681,156 (9.7%) were classified as being vacant, irrespective of status ("for rent", "rented, not occupied", "for sale only", "sold, not occupied", "for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use", among others). Of the occupied units, 80,051,358 units (63.1%) were owner-occupied, while 46,766,222 units (36.9%) were occupied by tenants.[300]
In the 2024 1-year American Community Survey the median number of rooms in a housing unit was 5.5 with the most common amount of rooms for a housing unit being 5 per unit.[301] Homes have more excess bedrooms (bedrooms which are not occupied) than in the past compared to 1970 and 1980 but home sizes on average have decreased since the 2010s.[302] It was also reported in the 2024 survey that among occupied housing units the most common fuel for heating was "Utility gas".[301]
U.S. housing units
1-year ACS estimates
5-year ACS estimates
For reference, the 5-year ACS estimate is taken every year is collected for all areas regardless of population over a 5-year period compared to the 1-year estimates which are collected within a year and only cover areas with a population at or over 65,000+ people.[309]
Housing units by year of construction
A plurality of housing units were built in the 1970s according to 2024 1-year American Community Survey and the 5-year survey.[301][317] Data is as of the 2024 1-year American Community Survey. Table source:[301]
Housing and facilities
Plumbing and housing facilities
This table only looks at occupied housing units and this table shows results from the 1-year American Community Survey. No data is available for 2020.
Housing units and phone service
This table looks at the number of housing units with phone service in them. Data in this table comes from the 1-year American Community Survey.
See also
- Aging of the United States
- Demographic history of the United States
- History of public health in the United States
- Historical Statistics of the United States, the book
- Languages of the United States
- Maps of American ancestries
- Places in the United States with notable demographic characteristics
Lists
- List of metropolitan areas in the Americas
- List of U.S. states and territories by fertility rate
- List of U.S. states and territories by population
- List of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
- List of U.S. states by socioeconomic factors
- Lists of U.S. cities with non-white majority populations
Income
Population
Notes
- ↑including Alaska (1930), American Samoa (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020), Guam (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020), Hawaii (1930), Northern Mariana Islands (2000, 2020), Panama Canal Zone (1930, 1970), Philippines (1930), Puerto Rico (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020), Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1970), Virgin Islands (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020), and various largely uninhabited Minor Outlying Islands
- ↑Not enumerated in 1930. "Persons of Spanish origin" in 1970.
- ↑Includes 1,422,533 "Mexican" responses.
- ↑"Negro" in 1930 and 1970.
- ↑Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
- ↑Includes 74,954 "Chinese", 138,834 "Japanese", 45,208 "Filipino", 3,130 "Hindu", 1,860 "Korean", 96 "Malay", and 18 "Siamese" responses.
- ↑All Americans not of the "White", "Black", or "Indian" races who did not identify as "of Spanish origin".
- ↑"Indian" in 1930 and 1970.
- ↑Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
- ↑Includes 660 "Hawaiian" and 6 "Samoan" responses.
- ↑Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
- ↑Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
- ↑In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
References
- 12"National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025". United States Census Bureau. January 27, 2025. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
- ↑"U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment". United States Census. Retrieved April 26, 2021. The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
- 123"U.S. Population Growth Slows Due to Historic Decline in Net International Migration". U.S. Census Bureau. January 27, 2026. Retrieved February 2, 2026.
- ↑Xu, Jiaquan; Murphy, Sherry; Kochanek, Kenneth D.; Arias, Elizabeth (January 29, 2026). "Mortality in the United States 2024". National Center for Health Statistics Brief / CDC. Retrieved February 1, 2026.
- ↑Martin, Joyce; Hamilton, Brady; Osterman, Michelle (2025). "Births in the United States, 2024". NCHS Data Brief (535): 1. doi:10.15620/cdc/174613. PMC 12477703. PMID 40996517. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑Alperin, Elijah; Batalova, Jeanne (1 August 2018). "European Immigrants in the United States – Immigration Pathways and Naturalization". Migration Policy Institute.
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The Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) estimates that there are 4.5 million to 6.5 million overseas Americans while the State Department's most recent calculation (April 2015) of US citizens living overseas is 8.7 million{...}US citizens living outside the US who are not employed by the US Government, including dependents living with them – Not counted in the census.
- ↑Smith, Claire M. "These are our Numbers: Civilian Americans Overseas and Voter Turnout"(PDF). Overseas Vote Foundation. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 24, 2013. (Originally published in OVF Research Newsletter, vol. 2, issue 4, August 2010).
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - 123456"DP03 – Selected Economic Characteristics". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
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External links
- United States Census Bureau
- New York Times: "Mapping the 2010 U.S. Census"
- 2000 Census of Population and Housing United States, U.S. Census Bureau
- Asian-Nation: Demographics of Asian American /2006-07-04-us-population_x.htm?csp=34 Countdown to 300 million
- Census Ancestry Map
- USA Today 2004 Election County by County Map
- Google – public data "Population in the U.S.A."
- Demographics of the United States
- Human reproduction in the United States