Westmere (microarchitecture)

Westmere (formerly Nehalem-C) is the code name given to the 32 nm die shrink of Nehalem. While sharing the same CPU sockets, Westmere included Intel HD Graphics, while Nehalem did not.

The first Westmere-based processors were launched on January 7, 2010, by Intel Corporation.

The Westmere architecture has been available under the Intel brands of Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Pentium, Celeron and Xeon.

Technology

Westmere's feature improvements from Nehalem, as reported:

Native six-core (Gulftown) and ten-core (Westmere-EX) processors.^[1]
A new set of instructions that gives over 3x the encryption and decryption rate of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) processes compared to before.^[2]
- Delivers seven new instructions (AES instruction set or AES-NI), out of which six implement the AES algorithm, and PCLMULQDQ (see CLMUL instruction set) implements carry-less multiplication for use in cryptography and data compression.^[3]
Integrated graphics, added into the processor package (dual core Arrandale and Clarkdale only).
Improved virtualization latency.^[4]
New virtualization capability: "VMX Unrestricted mode support," which allows 16-bit guests to run (real mode and big real mode).
Support for "Huge Pages" of 1 GB in size.

TDP includes the integrated GPU, if present.
Clarkdale processors feature 16 PCIe 2.0 lanes, which can be used in 1x16 or 2x8 configuration.
Clarkdale and Arrandale contain the 32 nm dual core processor Hillel and the 45 nm integrated graphics device Ironlake, and support switchable graphics.^[7]^[8]
Only certain higher-end CPUs support AES-NI and 1GB Huge Pages.

The successor to Nehalem and Westmere is Sandy Bridge.

^ Valich, Theo (2009-04-16). "Intel says no to 28nm, focuses on 22nm: Ivy Bridge/Haswell & Larrabee". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ Smalley, Tim (2007-09-19), Westmere is Nehalem's successor, bit-tech.net
^ Carry-Less Multiplication and Its Usage for Computing The GCM Mode – Intel Software Network, 2008-04-11, retrieved 2009-03-01
^ Fuad Abazovic (2008-09-16), Westmere 32nm to improve Nehalem features, Fudzilla.com, retrieved 2009-03-01
^ "Intel® Developer Zone" (PDF). Retrieved January 16, 2013.^{[dead link]}
^ "Westmere-EX 10 core CPUs announced by Intel at IDF". TweakTown. September 14, 2010.
^ Bell, Brandon (2009-02-10), Intel CPU Roadmap 2009–2010, FS Media, Inc, retrieved 2009-03-01
^ CPU list, archived from the original on 2012-03-01
^ Westmere-EX: Intel Improves their Xeon Flagship
^ Intel Launches New Xeon Chips with Up to Ten Cores, archived from the original on 2012-07-17, retrieved 2012-08-20
^ Hilbert Hagedoorn (March 15, 2011). "Intel ships a 4.4GHz Xeon X5698". The Guru of 3D.
^ Intel pushes workhorse Xeons to six cores
^ Intel Xeon X5690 - AT80614005913AB (BX80614X5690)
^ Intel Launches Its Most Secure Data Center Processor, archived from the original on 2011-09-29, retrieved 2018-11-18
^ Intel Clarkdale Processor, XTREVIEW, 2009-02-09, retrieved 2009-03-01