Ussuri

The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури[ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese:乌苏里; pinyin:wūsūlǐ[ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km² (75,000 mi²).^[2] Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m³/s (57,000 cu ft/s),^[1] and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).

The Ussuri has been known by many names. In Manchu, it was called the Usuri Ula^[3] or Dobi Bira (River of Foxes) and in Mongolian the Üssüri Müren.^[4]Ussuri is Manchu for soot-black river.^[5]

• The Ussuri has a reputation for catastrophic floods. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of fish: grayling, sturgeon, humpback salmon (gorbusha), chum salmon (keta), and others.
• During World War II, the river marked one of the boundaries which Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in Operation August Storm in 1945.
• The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 took place at the Soviet Damansky Island on the Ussuri River.

Major tributaries of the Ussuri are, from source to mouth:

• Arsenyevka (left)
• Sungacha (left)
• Muling (left)
• Bolshaya Ussurka (right)
• Bikin (right)
• Naoli (left)
• Khor (right)

• Ussuri brown bear
• Ussurian tiger
• Suiphun–Khanka meadows and forest meadows

• Narangoa, Li (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231160704.

• Article containing a detail mapArchived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine [dead link as of 18 March 2017].
• http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80349e/80349E10.GIFArchived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine