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Eight-string guitar

Agile Intrepid Homemade fretless guitar based on Jackson Rhoads Eight-string multi-scale acoustic guitar by luthier Patrick Hawley of Ottawa, Ontario An eight-string guitar is a...

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Agile Intrepid
Homemade fretless guitar based on Jackson Rhoads
Eight-string multi-scale acoustic guitar by luthier Patrick Hawley of Ottawa, Ontario

An eight-string guitar is a guitar with eight strings, or one more than the Russian guitar's seven. Eight-string guitars are less common than six- and seven-string guitars, but they are used by a few classical, jazz, and metal guitarists. The eight-string guitar allows a wider tonal range, or non-standard tunings (such as major-thirds tuning), or both.

Various non-standard guitars were made in the 19th century, including eight-string guitars played by Italians Giulio Regondi and Luigi Legnani.[1]

Eight-string electric guitars gained popularity among metal bands, largely inspired by Swedish progressive metal band Meshuggah (formed in 1987). Contemporary use outside of metal has picked up in the last decade, and owes much to Animals as Leaders and their stylistic eclecticism.

Designs

Semi-acoustic guitar (hollow-body guitar)

Seeking a guitar tuning that would facilitate jazz improvisation, Ralph Patt invented major-thirds tuning in 1963.[2][3][4] Patt's tuning is a regular tuning, in the sense that all of the intervals between its successive open strings are major thirds; in contrast, standard guitar tuning has one major-third amid four fourths.[5]

Seven-string guitars are needed for major-thirds tuning to have the E-e' range of the standard tuning.[5][6] Having an eight-string instrument allowed Patt's guitar to have G♯ (equivalently A♭) as its open note.[6] Patt purchased six-string archtophollow-body guitars that were then modified by luthiers to have wider necks, wider pickups, and eight strings. Patt's Gibson ES-150 was modified by Vincent "Jimmy" DiSerio c. 1965.[4][6] Luthier Saul Koll modified a sequence of guitars: a 1938 Gibson Cromwell, a Sears Silvertone, a c. 1922 Mango archtop, a 1951 Gibson L-50, and a 1932 Epiphone Broadway; for Koll's modifications, custom pick-ups accommodated Patt's wide necks and high G♯ (equivalently A♭);[6] custom pick-ups were manufactured by Seymour Duncan[6] and by Bill Lawrence.[4] Roy Connors, former member of the 1960s folk singing group, The Highwaymen, reconfigured a Martin O-28 six-string guitar to an eight-string of his own design and received a U.S. Patent on it (#3269247).

Solid-body

Solid-body eight string guitars are also used by many bands today. The construction of a solid-body eight-string guitar is comparable to that of seven- and six-string variants. The standard tuning (from low to high) is F♯, B, E, A, D, G, B, E.[7] Many prefer to tune the F♯ to a low E (E1), the same note as the lowest string on a four-string electric bass in standard tuning, and providing the guitar with a fuller sound by having three different E strings.[8] This tuning is equivalent to tuning a six-string guitar to Drop D tuning.

Like the seven-string, the first mass-produced eight-string guitar was made by Ibanez guitars in Japan; the RG2228.

Scale length

The main design issue faced with an eight-string guitar is tuning stability with the lower strings. This is due to the neck being constructed too short, bridge problems such as improper intonation, uneven spacing for floating bridges, or the use of wrong string gauges. Other problems associated with tuning stability rely on the proper setup of the guitar.

Las guitarras de ocho cuerdas de rango extendido a veces tienen un diseño de escala múltiple donde las cuerdas graves son más largas que las agudas (diseño de trastes en abanico). Esto ayuda a la entonación correcta de las cuerdas graves, mejora el equilibrio de la tensión de las cuerdas, mejora los armónicos , la serie de armónicos y mejora la inarmonicidad . (Véase también inarmonicidad en pianos ). Las cuerdas graves en una guitarra de 8 cuerdas generalmente requieren que la selleta esté un poco más retraída que las demás cuerdas para ajustar correctamente la entonación. Algunos diseños de puente compensan esto desplazando hacia atrás las cuerdas 7.ª y 8.ª o proporcionando un poco más de espacio para el ajuste. Las longitudes de escala más largas requieren menos desplazamiento para una entonación correcta.

Jugadores destacados

Clásico

Paul Galbraith comenzó a usar una guitarra de ocho cuerdas en 1994 cuando, en colaboración con el luthier David Rubio , diseñaron la guitarra Brahms . Galbraith suele afinarla en AEADGBEA. Egberto Gismonti (nacido en 1947) es un guitarrista y pianista brasileño que prefiere la guitarra clásica de ocho cuerdas. Livio Gianola (Premana, 1964) es un guitarrista italiano. Es considerado por la crítica especializada como "El Maestro de la Guitarra de Ocho Cuerdas".

Jazz

El guitarrista de jazz australiano de origen húngaro Laszlo Sirsom toca una guitarra de jazz de 8 cuerdas fabricada por Phil Carson Crickmore. La afina como una guitarra normal, con la cuerda central más un La agudo y un Si grave. Charlie Hunter toca una guitarra de ocho cuerdas fabricada por Ralph Novak de Novax Guitars. Cinco de las cuerdas están afinadas con las cinco cuerdas superiores de la guitarra estándar (La, Re, Sol, Si, Mi), mientras que tres están afinadas con las tres cuerdas inferiores del bajo estándar (Mi, La, Re). Las secciones de graves y agudos tienen pastillas separadas y se envían a amplificadores separados. Hunter también tiene una guitarra de diez cuerdas basada en el mismo principio: una combinación de una guitarra estándar de seis cuerdas y un bajo estándar de cuatro cuerdas. [ 9 ]

Metal

The eight-string guitar is used by modern heavy metal guitarists such as Fredrik Thordendal and Mårten Hagström of Meshuggah, Dino Cazares of Fear Factory, Stephen Carpenter of Deftones, Greg Burgess of Allegaeon, Simon Girard and Kevin Chartré of Beyond Creation, Justin Lowe and Trent Hafdahl of After the Burial, Josh Travis of Emmure (ex-The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza and ex-Glass Cloud), Per Nilsson of Scar Symmetry and Meshuggah as a touring member and others. The instrument is particularly associated with the “djent” sound popularized by Meshuggah, Vildhjarta, and Periphery, among others.

Tosin Abasi and Javier Reyes of Animals as Leaders primarily use a drop-E tuning (where the lowest string matches the E1 on a standard-tuned bass guitar) and incorporate "thumping," an adaptation of different bass guitar techniques — the term blankets all sorts of possible note groupings, but primary influences include a style à la funk bassist Larry Graham and Victor Wooten's double thumping technique — as well as harp-like arpeggios extending across the full range of the instrument.

Ihsahn of the black metal band Emperor began playing seven-string guitar in 1999 and first played eight-string guitar on his 2010 album After.

Rusty Cooley tunes his eight-string guitar like a standard six-string expanded in both directions. This tuning offers both deeper bass tones than a conventional guitar and extended range in the higher register for lead melodies.

Guitarist Justin Broadrick of the English industrial metal band Godflesh introduced his eight-string playing on the 2014 Godflesh EP Decline & Fall.

Guitarists Lucas Mann and Joel Omans from the technical deathcore band Rings of Saturn also use eight-string guitars, with Mann primarily making use of a nine-string guitar for the band's 2019 album Gidim. Miles Dimitri Baker, one of their former members, also used one.

Chris Andrews of the death metal band Devourment uses eight-string guitars, starting with the album Obscene Majesty.

John Petrucci, de la banda de metal progresivo Dream Theater, toca una guitarra de ocho cuerdas en la canción "Awaken the Master", del álbum de Dream Theater de 2021, A View from the Top of the World , y en la canción "In the Arms of Morpheus", del álbum de Dream Theater de 2025, Parasomnia .

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Noonan, Jeffrey (2008). La guitarra en Estados Unidos: de la época victoriana a la era del jazz . American Made Music. University Press of Mississippi. pág.  205. ISBN 1934110183.
  2. ↑ Griewank (2010 , p. 1) 
  3. ↑ Kirkeby, Ole (1 de marzo de 2012). " Afinación en terceras mayores" . m3guitar.com. Citado por Sethares (2011) y ( Griewank 2010 , p. 1). Archivado del original el 11 de abril de 2015.  
  4. 1 2 3 Patt, Ralph (14 de abril de 2008). "La afinación de tercera mayor" . Página web de jazz de Ralph Patt . ralphpatt.com. Citado por Sethares (2011) y Griewank (2010 , p. 1) . Recuperado el 10 de junio de 2012 .   
  5. 1 2 Sethares (2001)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Peterson, Jonathon (Invierno 2002). "Afinación en terceras: Un nuevo enfoque para tocar conduce a un nuevo tipo de guitarra" . American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers . 72. Tacoma WA: The Guild of American Luthiers: 36–43]. ISSN 1041-7176 . Archivado del original el 21 de octubre de 2011. Recuperado el 9 de octubre de 2012 . : 37
  7. ↑ "Afinación de guitarra de 8 cuerdas: ¡todo lo que necesitas saber!" . GuitarCasa.com . Consultado el 19 de abril de 2021 .
  8. ↑ "Lista de afinaciones más comunes para guitarra de 8 cuerdas - Lecciones de guitarra" . Pickuptheguitar.com . 8 de octubre de 2020. Consultado el 3 de febrero de 2021 .
  9. ↑ Alexander, Charles (2003). Maestros de la guitarra de jazz: La historia de los intérpretes y su música . Hal Leonard Corporation. pág. 180. ISBN  0879307285.

Obras citadas

  • Griewank, Andreas (2010), Afinación de guitarras y lectura de música en terceras mayores , Preimpresiones de Matheon, vol.  695, Berlín, Alemania: Centro de investigación DFG "MATHEON, Matemáticas para tecnologías clave", Berlín, urn : nbn:de:0296-matheon-6755 Clasificación MSC 97M80 Artes. Música. Lenguaje. Arquitectura
  • Sethares, Bill (2001). "Afinaciones regulares". Guía de afinación alternativa (pdf) . Madison, Wisconsin: Universidad de Wisconsin; Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica. págs. 52–67 . Recuperado el 19 de mayo de 2012 . Versión en PDF de 2009 de la guía de afinaciones alternativas , que incluye un capítulo revisado sobre afinaciones regulares.
  • Sethares, William A. (2011). "Guía de ajuste alternativo" . Madison, Wisconsin: Universidad de Wisconsin; Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica . Recuperado el 19 de mayo de 2012 .