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Capellán

Martín de Tours entregando su capa de capellanía , de la cual el campo de la capellanía tomó su nombre. El reverendo Manasseh Cutler , capellán de la Guerra de Independencia de ...

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Martín de Tours entregando su capa de capellanía, de donde el campo de la capellanía tomó su nombre.
Martín de Tours entregando su capa de capellanía , de la cual el campo de la capellanía tomó su nombre.
El reverendo Manasseh Cutler , capellán de la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos que sirvió en el Ejército Continental de George Washington y cofundó la Universidad de Ohio.

Un capellán es un profesional capacitado que brinda apoyo espiritual, emocional y psicosocial en instituciones seculares o religiosas, atendiendo a personas de cualquier fe o sin ninguna. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] El término capellanía puede referirse a la capilla, instalación o departamento donde uno o más capellanes desempeñan su función, así como a la profesión en sí. El nombre proviene de Martín de Tours , quien le dio su capa de capellán a un veterano necesitado durante una tormenta de nieve. [ 3 ]

Aunque el término capellán se refería originalmente a representantes de la fe cristiana , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] ahora también se aplica a personas de otras religiones o tradiciones filosóficas, como en el caso de los capellanes que sirven en las fuerzas armadas y un número creciente de capellanías en las universidades estadounidenses. [ 6 ] En los últimos tiempos, muchos laicos han recibido formación profesional en capellanía y ahora son nombrados capellanes en escuelas, hospitales, empresas, universidades, prisiones y otros lugares para trabajar junto a, o en lugar de, los miembros oficiales del clero. [ 7 ] Los conceptos de equipo interreligioso , capellanía secular , genérica o humanista también están ganando cada vez más uso, particularmente en entornos sanitarios y educativos . [ 8 ]

En la tradición católica , capellán es también un título tradicional para un sacerdote auxiliar (es decir, sacerdote asistente/cooperador) asignado a una parroquia y subordinado a su párroco . Este cargo ahora se denomina oficialmente vicario parroquial o sacerdote asistente ; algunas diócesis utilizan oficialmente el término capellán . Los edificios anexos de algunas casas parroquiales (es decir, rectorías ) se denominan tradicionalmente "casas de capellanía". Este término histórico se originó porque el capellán solía estar asignado a una iglesia filial o a una capilla. Hasta 1983, el Código de Derecho Canónico de 1917 (cánones 471-476) distinguía cinco tipos de vicarios parroquiales: vicarius actualis , vicarius oeconomus , vicarius substitutus , vicarius adiutor y vicarius cooperator , este último tradicionalmente llamado capellán. El Código de Derecho Canónico de 1983 no distingue tales subtipos. El vicario parroquial puede hacerse cargo de una parte de la parroquia, de grupos de feligreses (por ejemplo, jóvenes, estudiantes, adultos mayores, etc.) o de tareas específicas.

Militar

Un capellán católico presta asistencia espiritual a infantes de marina y marineros estadounidenses en Tikrit , Irak.

Los primeros capellanes se encontraban en el ejército durante el Imperio Romano después de su cristianización. [ 9 ] Los capellanes militares brindan apoyo pastoral, espiritual y emocional al personal militar, incluyendo la celebración de servicios religiosos en el mar, en bases o en el campo. Los capellanes militares tienen una larga historia; los primeros capellanes ingleses orientados al ejército, por ejemplo, fueron sacerdotes a bordo de buques proto-navales durante el siglo VIII. Los capellanes terrestres aparecieron durante el reinado del rey Eduardo I. La forma actual de capellán militar data de la época de la Primera Guerra Mundial .

Chaplains are nominated, appointed, or commissioned in different ways in different countries. A military chaplain can be an army-trained soldier with additional theological training or an ordained person nominated to the army by religious authorities. In the United Kingdom the Ministry of Defence employs chaplains but their authority comes from their sending church. Royal Navy chaplains undertake a 16-week bespoke induction and training course including a short course at Britannia Royal Naval College and specialist fleet time at sea alongside a more experienced chaplain. Naval chaplains called to service with the Royal Marines undertake a grueling five-month-long Commando Course and, if successful, wear the commandos' Green Beret. British Army chaplains undertake seven weeks training at the Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Beckett House and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Royal Air Force chaplains must complete a 12-week Specialist Entrant course at the RAF College Cranwell followed by the Chaplains' Induction Course at the Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Beckett House of a further two weeks. The United States Navy will often give chaplain training to cadets seeking a theological route in the military.[10] Additionally, they are granted instant employment as a Navy chaplain once ordained.[11] Additionally, in the United States military, chaplains must be endorsed by their religious affiliation in order to serve in any facet of the military.[12][13] In some cases, like that of the U.S. Navy, a Religious Program Specialist may be appointed to help alleviate some of the duties bestowed upon Naval chaplains.[14]

French soldiers of the UNIFIL attending a Catholic Mass in Lebanon
Jewish chaplain Rabbi Arnold Resnicoff wears a kippah/yarmulke made from a piece of a Catholic chaplain's camouflage uniform after his own head covering had become bloodied when it was used to wipe the face of a wounded marine during the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing.

Military chaplains are normally accorded officer status, although Sierra Leone had a Naval Lance Corporal chaplain in 2001. In most navies, their badges and insignia do not differentiate their levels of responsibility and status. By contrast, in air forces and armies, they typically carry ranks and are differentiated by crosses or other equivalent religious insignia. However, United States military chaplains in every branch carry both rank and Chaplain Corps insignia.

Though the Geneva Conventions does not state whether chaplains may bear arms, they specify (Protocol I, June 8, 1977, Art 43.2) that chaplains are non-combatants. In recent times both the UK and US have required chaplains, but not medical personnel, to be unarmed. Other nations, notably Norway, Denmark and Sweden, make it an issue of individual conscience. Captured chaplains are not considered Prisoners of War (Third Convention, August 12, 1949, Chapter IV Art 33) and must be returned to their home nation unless retained to minister to prisoners of war.

A U.S. Navy chaplain in Iraq studies his Bible for an upcoming service.

Inevitably, a significant number of serving chaplains have died in action. 100 chaplains of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marine Corps were killed in action during World War II: a casualty rate greater "than any other branch of the services except the infantry and the Army Air Corps" (Crosby, 1994, p. 23). Many have been decorated for bravery in action (five have won Britain's highest award for gallantry, the Victoria Cross). The Chaplain's Medal for Heroism is a special U.S. military decoration given to military chaplains who have been killed in the line of duty, although it has to date only been awarded to the famous Four Chaplains, all of whom died in the Dorchester sinking in 1943 after giving up their lifejackets to others. In addition to these, five other U.S. chaplains have been awarded the Medal of Honor: Chaplain (LCDR) Joseph T. O'Callahan, USN (World War II); Chaplain (CPT) Emil Kapaun, USA (Posthumous, Korean War); Chaplain (LT) Vincent R. Capodanno, USN (Posthumous, Vietnam War); Chaplain (MAJ) Charles J. Watters, USA (Posthumous, Vietnam War); and Chaplain (CPT) Angelo J. Liteky, USA (Vietnam). (Later in life, Liteky changed his name to Charles, left the Catholic priesthood, became an anti-war activist, and renounced his Medal of Honor). Chaplain Fellowship Ministries military chaplains are nondenominational. To be considered for appointment to serve as a military chaplain, candidates must first be ordained and have an ecclesiastical endorsement by a valid religious faith group recognized by the Department of Defense. Candidates must meet all DOD requirements. The Chaplain Fellowship had military chaplains serving in Iraq and now in Afghanistan.

In 2006, training materials obtained by U.S. intelligence showed that insurgent snipers fighting in Iraq were urged to single out and attack engineers, medics, and chaplains on the theory that those casualties would demoralize entire enemy units.[15] The United States European Command has co-sponsored an annual International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference every year since 1991 to consider the various issues affecting chaplaincy ministry and other military personnel. At times, the existence of military chaplains has been challenged in countries that have a separation of Church and State.[16][17] However one of the major issues affecting chaplaincy and military personnel is that of moral injury arising as a result of international conflicts and terrorism.

Health care

General Information

"Chaplains" are known by a large range of interchangeable titles. Other terms include: Spiritual Care Provider, Pastoral Care Provider, Spiritual Health Practitioner (especially in CASC/ACSS - the Canadian Chaplaincy Organization),[18] Clinical Pastoral Education Supervisor (for ICPT-certified educators).

In healthcare chaplains are employed in acute care medical hospitals, pediatric hospitals, behavioral health hospitals, long-term facilities (assisted living, skilled nursing), out-patient clinics, addiction treatments and hospice/palliative care.[19] There are over 10,000 professional chaplains in the United States[20] including a large number who serve in Veteran Affairs health care settings.[21][22] Chaplains care for people of all faiths and no faith.[1]

The 2000 Chaplaincy White Paper was the first joint statement by five major U.S. and Canadian chaplaincy organizations. It defined the professional role, training, and value of chaplains in healthcare, emphasizing their contributions to holistic care and establishing shared standards across faith traditions and institutional settings.[19] It includes the following two section:

Los capellanes profesionales ofrecen atención espiritual a quienes la necesitan y cuentan con formación especializada para movilizar recursos espirituales que permitan a los pacientes afrontar mejor sus dificultades. Mantienen la confidencialidad y proporcionan un entorno de apoyo donde los pacientes pueden expresar sus inquietudes. Son responsables ante su grupo religioso, la organización que los certifica y la institución para la que trabajan. Los capellanes profesionales y sus organizaciones certificadoras demuestran un profundo compromiso y sensibilidad hacia la diversidad étnica y religiosa de Norteamérica.

Los capellanes profesionales son clérigos o laicos con formación teológica y clínica cuyo trabajo refleja:

  • Sensibilidad ante las realidades multiculturales y multirreligiosas.
  • Respeto por las preferencias espirituales o religiosas de los pacientes.
  • Comprensión del impacto de la enfermedad en las personas y sus cuidadores.
  • Conocimiento de la estructura y la dinámica organizativa del sector sanitario.
  • Responsabilidad como parte de un equipo profesional de atención al paciente.
  • Rendición de cuentas ante sus grupos religiosos

Funciones y actividades de los capellanes profesionales de atención médica

Lo siguiente proviene del documento fundamental publicado en 2001, conocido comúnmente como el Libro Blanco de la Capellanía de 2000.

  1. Cuando las creencias y prácticas religiosas están estrechamente entrelazadas con los contextos culturales, los capellanes constituyen un poderoso recordatorio del poder sanador, sustentador, guía y reconciliador de la fe religiosa.
  2. Los capellanes profesionales tienden puentes entre los diferentes grupos religiosos y no hacen proselitismo.
  3. Proporcionan apoyo espiritual a través de la escucha empática, demostrando comprensión hacia las personas que sufren.
  4. Los capellanes profesionales forman parte de los equipos de atención al paciente.
  5. Los capellanes profesionales diseñan y dirigen ceremonias religiosas de culto y rituales.
  6. Los capellanes profesionales dirigen o participan en programas de ética sanitaria.
  7. Los capellanes profesionales informan al equipo de atención médica y a la comunidad sobre la relación entre las cuestiones religiosas y espirituales y el servicio institucional.
  8. Los capellanes profesionales actúan como mediadores y conciliadores, desempeñando funciones para aquellos que necesitan tener voz en el sistema de salud.
  9. Los capellanes profesionales pueden servir como personas de contacto para organizar la evaluación de la idoneidad y la coordinación de las terapias complementarias.
  10. Los capellanes profesionales y sus organizaciones certificadoras fomentan y apoyan las actividades de investigación para evaluar la eficacia de la prestación de atención espiritual.

Capellán certificado por la junta

En los Estados Unidos , los capellanes de atención médica/proveedores de atención espiritual que estén certificados por la junta cumplan con los siguientes requisitos: [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ]

  1. Haber completado un mínimo de cuatro unidades (1600 horas) de formación en Educación Pastoral Clínica.
  2. un máster en teología (o su equivalente)
  3. ordenación o comisión por parte de un grupo religioso, respaldo de un grupo religioso
  4. demonstrated mastering of the 29 Common Qualifications and Competencies by first submitting extensive written work and then sitting before a Certification Committee.
  5. 2,000 hours of work experience.

The Spiritual Care Association (SCA), the Association of Professional Chaplains (APC), the Clinical Pastoral Education International, Inc. (CPEI), the National Association of Catholic Chaplains (NACC), Neshama - Association of Jewish Chaplains (NAJC), the Association of Certified Christian Chaplains (ACCC), National Association of VA Chaplains (NAVAC), the National Association of VA Catholic Chaplains, and the World Spiritual Health Organization (WSHO) are among the largest and most prominent Board Certifying Bodies in the US.[26][27] As of 2026, two educating and certifying bodies are affiliated with the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE), an affiliate of the APC, and the WSHO.[28] The CPEI is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission.[29] The US Department of Veterans Affairs recognizes six certifying bodies, the ACCC, APC, NACC, NAJC, NAVAC, and the SCA.[30] These groups use the Common Qualifications and Competencies for Professional Chaplains as the basis of their certification process. Currently, there are more than 10,000 professional chaplains in the US.[20]

Outside the United States

In Canada, health care chaplains may be certified by the Canadian Association for Spiritual Care. Two bodies providing education and/or certification are affiliated with the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, ACPE, an affiliate of the APC, and the WSHO.[28]

In the UK, health care chaplains are employed by their local NHS Trust (Health Boards in Scotland and Wales) or by charities associated with delivering health care such as a hospice or private hospital. The NHS in England publishes occasional guidance on chaplaincy practice.[31] UK Chaplains are drawn from a range of faith and belief backgrounds, and are not necessarily ordained or a recognised faith leader. In Scotland Healthcare Chaplaincy developed to be 'generic' from 2002 onwards; that is the chaplaincy provides spiritual care to all people and chaplains do not represent a faith or belief group. They may work on a full-time and part-time basis, and some work unpaid but with formal recognition for a faith or belief group regarding their training and status and may be termed honorary chaplain. The term Voluntary Chaplain is frowned on. The largest professional body for the UK is the College of Health Care Chaplains.[32] Scotland historically had a distinct professional body, the Scottish Association of Chaplains in Healthcare (SACH) but this has since dissolved. Northern Ireland also has the Healthcare Chaplains Association. Membership of the College of Health Care Chaplains was historically not open to Catholic Priests as it carries with it the membership of the Unite Trade Union, but this changed in April 2018. Chaplains working in a palliative care setting may also choose to join the Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplains.[33] Other less formal networks also exist supporting Chaplaincy in Paediatric settings and GP based Chaplaincy.

Within the UK there is also the UK Board of Healthcare Chaplaincy[34] (UKBHC) which has been set up in order to regulate the ministry and professional practice of health care chaplains. They publish a code of conduct which all registered chaplains are bound to abide by. The UKBHC has successfully applied to the Professional Standards Authority[35] to be an accredited register of healthcare chaplains demonstrating that it meets the Authority's high standards in areas such as governance and training.

Scholarly Journals

Peer-reviewed journals that publish scholarly articles and research on healthcare chaplaincy include the Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy (USA),[36] the international journal Health and Social Care Chaplaincy (UK)[37] and the Journal of Religion and Health (US).[38]

Other types of chaplaincy

Education

School chaplains are a fixture in religious and, more recently, secular schools. In religious schools the role of the chaplain tends to be educational and liturgical. In secular schools the role of the chaplain tends to be that of a mentor and a provider of pastoral care services. Chaplains provide care for students by supporting them during times of crisis or need. Many chaplains run programs to promote the welfare of students, staff and parents including programs to help students deal with grief, anger or depression. Chaplains also build relationships with students by participating in extracurricular activities such as breakfast programs, lunchtime groups and sports groups. School chaplains can also liaise with external organizations providing support services for the school.[39] Many schools now have pupil support departments with several mentors whose jobs are to look out for the pupils and always be there to help but they give no religious or spiritual guidance because of multiculturalism and diverse opinions on religion and beliefs. Chaplains have also been referred to as spiritual animators[40] (also faith animators or pastoral animators)[41][42] based on the French concept of animation spirituelle or spiritual care.[43]

In Australia chaplains in state schools have, controversially,[44] been funded by the federal government and local communities since 2007. Australian chaplains assist school communities to support the spiritual, social, and emotional well-being of their students.[45] Chaplaincy services are provided by non denominational companies. As of August 2013 there are 2339 chaplains working in Australian secular schools, along with 512 student welfare workers.[46] Australian schools will lose the option of appointing secular social workers under the national school chaplaincy program, for which the Abbott government has found an extra $245m in the 2014 budget funding.[47][42]

Similarly, in Scotland the focus of school chaplaincy is on welfare and building positive relationships joining students on excursions and sharing meals. Chaplains are also non-denominational and act as a link between the school community and society. Like Australian chaplains it is expected that they will not proselytise.[48]

In Ireland, chaplaincy takes a very different approach in which chaplains are expected to teach up to four hours of class instruction per week and are usually Catholic themselves. Chaplaincy duties include visiting homes, religious services, retreats and celebrations, as well as counseling.[49]

Higher education

In higher education, chaplains are appointed by many colleges and universities, sometimes working directly for the institution, and sometimes as representatives of separate organizations that specifically work to support students, such as Hillel International for Jews or the Newman Centers for Catholics. The Catholic Church's Second Vatican Council directed in 1965 that "at universities that are not Catholic there should be associations and university centers under Catholic auspices in which priests, religious and laity, carefully selected and prepared, should give abiding spiritual and intellectual assistance to the youth of the university.[50]

In the United States, the National Association of College and University Chaplains works to support the efforts of many of these chaplains, helping chaplains minister to the individual faith of students, faculty, and staff, while promoting inter-religious understanding.[51] Chaplains often also oversee programs on campus that foster spiritual, ethical, religious, and political and cultural exchange, and the promotion of service.

Industrial chaplains

Law and police

Los capellanes policiales trabajan con y como parte de las fuerzas del orden locales, regionales, del condado, estatales y nacionales o federales, y brindan una variedad de servicios dentro de la comunidad policial. No deben confundirse con los capellanes de prisiones, cuyo ministerio principal es para aquellos que están encarcelados, ya sea en espera de juicio o después de una condena. El rol del capellán policial se centra principalmente en el personal y las agencias policiales. El capellán responde a estas necesidades y desafíos únicos con orientación religiosa, una presencia tranquilizadora y confiable, recursos y servicios de asesoramiento. El capellán policial ofrece apoyo a los agentes del orden, administradores, personal de apoyo, víctimas y sus familias, e incluso ocasionalmente a las familias de los acusados ​​o condenados. El ministerio de capellanía policial es un ministerio de presencia y debe contar con la capacitación adecuada si trabaja con agentes del orden. Algunos ministerios, como Chaplain Fellowship Ministries, requieren que los capellanes policiales estén certificados en Capellanía de Seguridad Pública antes de ser certificados como capellanes policiales. La mayoría de los capellanes están uniformados y algunos pueden tener un rango. Siempre llevarán insignias o marcas distintivas que indiquen su condición de capellán, en lugar de su condición de agente de la ley.

departamentos de bomberos

Los capellanes que trabajan con los departamentos de bomberos brindan el mismo tipo de apoyo que los capellanes que trabajan con las fuerzas del orden, y a veces se enfrentan a un peligro aún mayor al trabajar con los heridos en entornos a menudo muy peligrosos.

En el lugar de los ataques del 11 de septiembre contra el World Trade Center en la ciudad de Nueva York , por ejemplo, el capellán del Departamento de Bomberos de la ciudad de Nueva York , Mychal Judge, murió a causa de los escombros que salieron disparados de la Torre Sur cuando volvió a entrar en el vestíbulo de la Torre Norte del World Trade Center, poco después de administrar la extremaunción a un bombero herido. [ 52 ]

Mano de obra

Muchos capellanes laborales (comúnmente llamados capellanes industriales) son patrocinados por sindicatos, incluyendo en algunos casos capellanes para policías y bomberos. El Sindicato de Trabajadores Automotrices Unidos (UAW) patrocina un programa de capellanía para todos sus sindicatos locales. [ 53 ] En la ciudad de Nueva York, el Sindicato de Electricistas (IBEW Local 3) tiene organizaciones católicas , episcopales , ortodoxas griegas y masónicas afiliadas con capellanes. [ 54 ]

Los capellanes sindicales suelen considerarse ventajosos, ya que rinden cuentas a los empleados y no a la dirección de la empresa.

Puertos

In many ports, particularly in North America and Europe, there are chaplaincy organizations providing religious and welfare services to seafarers while they are in port.[55][56] This ministry typically takes the form of going aboard ships to talk with seafarers, maintaining centers near the port with chapels, spaces for relaxation, and internet, and providing transportation to seafarers on shore leave.[57][58] Prominent international seafarers' ministry organizations include Stella Maris, the Mission to Seafarers, the Sailors' Society, the Deutsche Seemannsmission, and the International Christian Maritime Association.

Corporate

Some businesses, large or small, employ chaplains for their staff or clientele. Services provided may include employee assistance and counseling services; wellness seminars; conflict management and mediation; leadership and management development; and trauma/serious incident response.[59] In 2007, 4,000 corporate chaplains were reported to be working in the U.S.,[60] with the majority being employees of specialist chaplaincy companies such as Marketplace Chaplains USA[61] and Corporate Chaplains of America.[62] In 2024, Corporate Chaplains of America reported serving over 2,000 workplace locations with 400 chaplains serving over 1,000,000 employees and their family members in the United States and Canada. 2014, Marketplace Chaplains USA reported employing over 2,800 chaplains in 44 states and over 960 cities.[63] The organization added an international arm in 2006; Marketplace Chaplains International serves Canada, the U.K., Mexico and Puerto Rico.[64] Capellania Empresarial[65] provides corporate chaplaincy services in Paraguay. Chaplains without Borders[66] has been providing corporate and other chaplaincy services in Australia since 2005.

Music

Some chaplains use live music as a therapeutic tool.[67] Music can aid in healing, access core faith and emotions, and help to build rapport in the chaplaincy relationship.[68]

Parliamentary

House Speaker John Boehner and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi present a flag flown over the U.S. Capitol to Fr. Daniel Coughlin in recognition for his 11 years of service as Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, April 2011

Some nations, including the United States and the United Kingdom, have chaplains appointed to work with parliamentary bodies, such as the Chaplain of the United States Senate, the Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, and Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.[69] In addition to opening proceedings with prayer, these chaplains provide pastoral counseling to congressional members, their staffs, and their families; coordinate the scheduling of guest chaplains, who offer opening prayers; arrange and sometimes conduct marriages, memorial services, and funeral services for congress, staff, and their families; and conduct or coordinate religious services, study groups, prayer meetings, holiday programs, and religious education programs, as well.

Royalty and nobility

Monarchs have held private religious services as a long-standing right along with a privilege of appointing their own chaplains to serve them and their families.[70] Since the late medieval period,[71] dukes and lesser ranking nobles have had a capacity to name a number of chaplains.[72] The question of who has authority to qualify chaplains was the heart of the Investiture Controversy in medieval Germany.[73]

Prison

RabbiPhilip R. Alstat, c.1920, Jewish chaplain for "The Tombs" – the Manhattan Correctional Facility – for thirty years.

Prison chaplains can be a "safety valve, through listening and pro-social intervention" in potentially explosive situations.[74] They also reduce recidivism by linking offenders to positive community resources, and in the work they do to help offenders change their hearts, minds and directions.[74]

Rabbi Philip R. Alstat (1891–1976), who—in addition to work as a chaplain in New York hospitals and senior citizen facilities—served for three decades as the Jewish chaplain for "The Tombs", the Manhattan Detention Facility, once described his service as follows: "My goals are the same as those of the prison authorities—to make better human beings. The only difference is that their means are discipline, security, and iron bars. Mine are the spiritual ministrations that operate with the mind and the heart."[75]

In Canada in 2013, a $2-million contract for chaplaincy services for federal prisons was awarded to Kairos Pneuma Chaplaincy Inc., a company newly formed by five current and former federal prison chaplains.[76][77] About "2,500 volunteers, many of them of minority faiths, would also continue providing services."[76] There has however, been very little research looking at the role of chaplains and volunteers working within correctional facilities.

Sports

Chaplains to sports communities have existed since the middle of the 20th century and have significantly grown in the past 20 years. The United States, United Kingdom and Australia have well established Christian sports chaplaincy ministries.

Sports chaplains consist of people from many different walks of life. Most commonly, the chaplains are ministers or full-time Christian workers but occasionally, chaplaincy work is done without charge or any financial remuneration. Often, sports chaplains to a particular sport are former participants of that sport. This helps the chaplain to not only provide spiritual support and guidance to a player, but also to give them the ability to empathize and relate to some of the challenges facing the participant with whom they are ministering.

Animal

Los capellanes veterinarios sirven a las personas y a sus animales, ministrando en relación con la espiritualidad asociada a los animales y sus conexiones con los humanos. [ 78 ] Una función principal es el apoyo en el duelo y la oración. [ 79 ] Otros servicios incluyen apoyo en cuidados paliativos mientras los animales reciben atención cerca del final de sus vidas; apoyo en crisis de salud animal, incluso en el hospital veterinario; realizar servicios para bendiciones de animales, ceremonias de nombramiento/adopción y ceremonias de celebración del final de la vida. [ 78 ] Los capellanes veterinarios también pueden ofrecer sermones y orientación espiritual sobre el vínculo humano/animal y nuestras responsabilidades hacia los animales; y algunos pueden visitar residencias de ancianos y hospitales con animales de terapia. [ 80 ] Otros capellanes veterinarios pueden brindar bendiciones a los trabajadores de cuidado animal; ayudar con la comunicación humano/animal; y ofrecer sanación alternativa para animales como Reiki animal o acupuntura. [ 81 ]

Colonial

Se designaba a un capellán colonial para una colonia . El término se usa comúnmente para referirse al capellán no militar designado para una de las colonias de la Corona desde finales del siglo XVIII o principios del XIX. Richard Johnson (1756-1827) fue el primer capellán colonial designado para la nueva colonia penitenciaria de Nueva Gales del Sur en 1786.

Ambiental

Environmental chaplaincy is an emerging field within chaplaincy. Environmental chaplains (also known as eco-chaplains, Earth chaplains, nature chaplains) provide spiritual care in a way that honors humanity's deep connection to the earth. Environmental chaplains hold many roles. They may support people working on the frontlines of issues like climate change or other environmental issues or they may support people impacted by industrial or other disasters by providing pastoral care, presence, and rituals. Environmental chaplains may also bear witness to the Earth itself and represent the merging of science and spirituality. Their role can be to "usher in a new conscience and consciousness to find contentment, the appreciation of inner riches over outer wealth, quality over quantity" using universally appreciated values, such as honesty and vision.[82] Sarah Vekasi[83] created a vision of eco-chaplaincy inspired by Joanna Macy's The Work that Reconnects,[84] and saw eco-chaplaincy as a path to facilitating the "Great Turning," which is described as the turning away from a business-as-usual way of being and turning toward a life-sustaining way that protects people and the planet.[85]

Cruise

Working on board cruise ships, cruise chaplains provide pastoral and spiritual support to both passengers and crew members. With the co-operation of cruise companies, chaplains normally stay on board for the specific duration of a cruise. Catholic seafarers' charity Apostleship of the Sea[86] currently deploys chaplains on board P&O Cruises[87] and Cunard Line[88] ships during the Christmas and Easter periods. While ministering to passengers are part of Apostleship of the Sea's chaplains'[89] role, their main focus is the welfare of the crew, who can often spend many months at sea away from home.

Domestic

A domestic chaplain was a chaplain attached to a noblehousehold in order to grant the family a degree of self-sufficiency in religion. The chaplain was freed from any obligation to reside in a particular place so could travel with the family, internationally if necessary, and minister to their spiritual needs. Further, the family could appoint a chaplain who reflected their own doctrinal views. Domestic chaplains performed family christenings, funerals and weddings and were able to conduct services in the family's private chapel, excusing the nobility from attending public worship.[90]

In feudal times most laymen, and for centuries even most noblemen, were poorly educated and the chaplain would also be an important source of scholarship in the household, tutoring children and providing counsel to the family on matters broader than religion.[90] Before the advent of the legal profession, modern bureaucracy and civil service, the literate clergy were often employed as secretarial staff, as in a chancery. Hence the term clerk, derived from Latin clericus (clergyman). This made them very influential in temporal affairs. There was also a moral impact since they heard the confessions of the elite.

The domestic chaplain was an important part of the life of the peerage in England from the reign of Henry VIII to the middle of the 19th century. Up until 1840, Anglican domestic chaplains were regulated by law and enjoyed the substantial financial advantage of being able to purchase a license to hold two benefices simultaneously while residing in neither.[90]

Many monarchies and major noble houses had, or still have, several domestic or private chaplains as part of their Ecclesiastical Household, either following them or attached to a castle or other residence. Queen Elizabeth II had 36 Anglican chaplains, in addition to chaplains extraordinary and honorary chaplains appointed to minister to her. Castles with attached chaplains generally had at least one Chapel Royal, sometimes as significant as a cathedral. A modern example is St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, also the home of the Order of the Garter.

Other

Chaplain's Office, York railway station

There are also chaplains to private clubs, television or radio stations, family, community teams, groups such as Boys' and Girls' Brigade companies and Scout troops, airports,[91]cruise ships, nightclubs, and theaters.

The term can also refer to priests attached to Catholicconvents. There is also the position of Chaplain of His Holiness, a title granted by the Pope to certain priests who become part of the Papal Household and work with the Papal Chapel. Prior to 1968 they were called Supernumerary Privy Chamberlains.

In German-speaking countries, the German "Kaplan" is often translated as "chaplain", but in fact the two words are false friends. "Kaplan" as generally used in German-speaking countries is better translated as curate in British usage, or assistant pastor in American usage.

In the Church of England and other Anglican churches, a Bishop's "examining chaplain(s)" are those (usually priests) who examine candidates for ordination and advise the bishop as to their suitability. This role, and ordination processes, have varied greatly in the churches' history and between the churches.[92]

At the University of Oxford, the term Caplan is used for the position equivalent to president, for the head of the Cymdeithas Dafydd ap Gwilym, (Dafydd ap Gwilym Society) the Oxford University Welsh society, named after the 14th-century Welsh poet, Dafydd ap Gwilym.

See also

References

  1. 12Jacobs, Martha R. (2008). "What Are We Doing Here? Chaplains in Contemporary Health Care". The Hastings Center Report. 38 (6): 15–18. ISSN 0093-0334.
  2. ↑Cadge, Wendy; Sigalow, Emily (2013). "Negotiating Religious Differences: The Strategies of Interfaith Chaplains in Healthcare". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 52 (1): 146–158. ISSN 0021-8294.
  3. ↑"Chapel" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 850.
  4. ↑Compare: Morgan, Hugh H. "The Etymology of the Word Chaplain". International Pentecostal Holiness Church Ministries. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2021. The cappellanus (chaplain) was a member of one institution – a priest of the church serving in another institution – the king's army.
  5. ↑Legood, Giles (1999). Chaplaincy: the church's sector ministries. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0304702954.
  6. ↑"Humanist Chaplaincies". humanistchaplaincies.org.
  7. ↑Norman, J. (2004). At The Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care. Dublin: Veritas.
  8. ↑"Multi-Faith [Spaces]". University of Manchester. March 2012. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012.
  9. ↑Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers (2014). A Ministry of Presence: Chaplaincy, Spiritual Care, and the Law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 60. ISBN 9780226641836.
  10. ↑"Chaplain Training"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
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  14. ↑"Religious Program Specialist Careers | Navy.com". www.navy.com.
  15. ↑Ponder, Jon (October 25, 2006). "Iraqi Insurgent Snipers Target U.S. Medics, Engineers and Chaplains". Pensito Review. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  16. ↑"Christopher Hitchens vs Al Sharpton on Atheism and God - The Full Debate - Google Video". Archived from the original on May 24, 2007.
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  19. 12VandeCreek, L. "Professional chaplaincy: Its role and importance in healthcare". Journal of Pastoral Care. 55 (1): 81–97.
  20. 12admin (May 5, 2021). "Why are Chaplains in High Demand in an Increasingly Secular America?". Chaplaincy Innovation Lab. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
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  23. ↑"FAQs Regarding Certification". BCCI. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  24. ↑"Board Certified Chaplain (BCC)". The National Association of Catholic Chaplains. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  25. ↑"Board Certified Chaplain". NAVAC. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  26. ↑kylechristiansen (August 3, 2023). "2023 APC President's Address". Association of Professional Chaplains. Retrieved May 5, 2026.
  27. ↑"Sunrise Review: Spiritual Care Providers"(PDF). Utah Department of Commerce: Office of Professional Licensure Review. November 2024.
  28. 12"Affiliates". www.ats.edu. Retrieved May 5, 2026.
  29. ↑"Directory of Accredited Institutions | DEAC". October 4, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2026.
  30. ↑Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health. "VA.gov | Veterans Affairs". www.patientcare.va.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  32. ↑"Home – College of Health Care Chaplains". College of Health Care Chaplains.
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  34. ↑"Welcome to the website of the UK Board of Healthcare Chaplaincy – UKBHC". www.ukbhc.org.uk.
  35. ↑"Professional Standards Authority – Home". www.professionalstandards.org.uk.
  36. ↑"Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy: Vol 23, No 3". Taylor & Francis.
  37. ↑"Health and Social Care Chaplaincy -Equinox Publishing". Equinox Publishing.
  38. ↑"Journal of Religion and Health (Springer, New York, USA)". Journal of Religion and Health. 2024.
  39. ↑"What are school chaplains". Tuggerah Lakes Chaplains. 2013. Archived from the original on January 25, 2014.
  40. ↑Daly, Brian (October 11, 2013). "Religious education out, 'spiritual animators' in at Quebec schools". Torontosun.
  41. ↑Dallaire, Michael (December 4, 2013). "Spirituality in Canadian Education". In Watson, Jacqueline; Souza, Marian de; Trousdale, Ann (eds.). Global Perspectives on Spirituality and Education. Routledge Research in Education. Routledge. p. 228. ISBN 9781136199127. Retrieved April 26, 2018– via Google Books.
  42. 12Grace, Gerald; Joseph, SJ O'Keefe (December 7, 2007). International Handbook of Catholic Education: Challenges for School Systems in the 21st Century. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-5776-2.
  43. ↑Beaman, Lori G.; Arragon, Leo Van, eds. (February 5, 2015). Issues in Religion and Education: Whose Religion?. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 189. ISBN 9789004289819. Retrieved April 26, 2018– via Google Books.
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  45. ↑"About Chaplaincy". Sydney: Genr8 Ministries. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  46. ↑"National School Chaplaincy and Student Welfare Program Statistics". Australian Government Department of Education. September 27, 2013. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  47. ↑Hurst, Daniel (May 14, 2014). "It will be chaplains, not secular social workers, at schools". The Guardian. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  48. ↑"The Role of the School Chaplain"(PDF). The Church of Scotland. November 13, 2012. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 28, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  49. ↑"The School Chaplain". School Chaplains' Association of Ireland. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  50. ↑Holy See, Declaration on Christian Education, Second Vatican Council, section 10, published on 28 October 1965, accessed on 31 March 2026
  51. ↑"NACUC Mission". The National Association of College and University Chaplains. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  52. ↑Wakin, Daniel J. (September 27, 2002). "Killed on 9/11, Fire Chaplain Becomes Larger Than Life". The New York Times.
  53. ↑"PRO-Member: The UAW Chaplaincy Program". May 15, 2015.
  54. ↑"Club Directory".
  55. ↑Kahveci, Erol (2010). "Port-based welfare workers for seafarers"(PDF). ITF Seafarers' Trust.
  56. ↑Zuidema, Jason; Walker, Kevin (August 19, 2020). "Welcoming the Orphans of Globalization: The Case for Seafarers' Ministry". Science et Esprit. 72 (3): 311–324. doi:10.7202/1071159ar– via Érudit.
  57. ↑Cadge, Wendy; Skaggs, Michael (June 13, 2018). "Humanizing Agents of Modern Capitalism? The Daily Work of Port Chaplains". Sociology of Religion. 80 (1): 83–106. doi:10.1093/socrel/sry020– via Oxford Academic.
  58. ↑Oldenburg, Marcus; Jensen, Hans-Joachim (April 11, 2019). "Maritime welfare facilities - utilization and relevance for the compensation of shipboard stress". Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 14 (11): 11. doi:10.1186/s12995-019-0231-3. PMC 6460816. PMID 31043998.
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  66. ↑"Home". Chaplains Without Borders. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009.
  67. ↑"Singing chaplain uses music to comfort ailing patients – Pacific School of Religion". Archived from the original on December 18, 2014.
  68. ↑ Jesse Paledofsky; et al. "Canción del alma: El uso de la música en vivo en la capellanía profesional" (PDF) . Chaplaincy Today, vol. 28, n.º 2, otoño/invierno de 2012, págs. 31–36 . 
  69. ↑ "Capellán del Presidente" . Parlamento del Reino Unido .
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  72. ↑ Degge, Simon. (1685). El consejero del párroco, con la ley de los diezmos o diezmos  : en dos libros  : el primero muestra el orden que todo párroco, vicario, etc., debe observar para obtener un ascenso espiritual, y qué deberes le corresponden después de tomarlo, y muchas otras cosas necesarias para que todo clérigo sepa y observe. El segundo muestra de qué manera se deben pagar todos los tipos de diezmos, ofrendas, gravámenes y otros deberes eclesiásticos, tanto en Londres como en otros lugares, y tanto por el derecho canónico como por el derecho común y estatutario, y en qué tribunales y de qué manera se pueden cobrar, a qué cargos están sujetos y muchas otras cosas al respecto, necesarias para que los clérigos y otros sepan . Londres : Impreso por los cesionarios de Richard y Edward Atkins, Esquires, para Henry Twyford en Vine-Court, Middle Temple, pp. 133 ff.
  73. ↑ Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (1988). La controversia de las investiduras: Iglesia y monarquía desde el siglo IX hasta el XII . University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1386-7. JSTOR j.ctt3fht77 . 
  74. 1 2 Vance L. Drum (13 de agosto de 2007). "Capellanes penitenciarios profesionales: realidad y ficción" (PDF) . pág. 11. 
  75. ↑ Edward Fiske, New York Times, La carga de trabajo de los capellanes de las prisiones de la ciudad es pesada, 26 de octubre de 1970.
  76. 1 2 Cohen, Tobi (11 de noviembre de 2013). "El gobierno federal otorga un contrato de 2 millones de dólares para asesoramiento religioso en prisiones a una empresa privada" . National Post .{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: servicio de archivado obsoleto ( enlace )
  77. ↑ Bruce, Lloyd (31 de julio de 2013). "Preparándose para un viaje salvaje..." Sabbath Road .
  78. 1 2 "Los capellanes de animales enseñan que los animales tienen una naturaleza espiritual" . Ahwatukee Foothills News . 23 de abril de 2013.
  79. ↑ "Servicios "Capellán de animales de Michigan" . Archivado del original el 9 de diciembre de 2012. Recuperado el 19 de julio de 2014 .
  80. ↑ Capellán de animales. "¡Bienvenido al blog de AnimalChaplains.com! "
  81. ↑ "Artículo sobre la reverenda Nancy Schluntz, capellana de animales" . Archivado del original el 3 de abril de 2017. Consultado el 19 de julio de 2014 .
  82. ↑ "Graduados del Programa de Capellanía" (PDF) . Centro Zen Upaya . Consultado el 20 de agosto de 2015 .
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  84. ↑ "El trabajo que reconecta" . El trabajo que reconecta . Consultado el 20 de agosto de 2015 .
  85. ↑ "El Gran Giro" . Red de Trabajo que Reconecta . El Trabajo que Reconecta. 21 de septiembre de 2012. Consultado el 20 de agosto de 2015 .
  86. ↑ "El Apostolado del Mar te da la bienvenida – AoS" . Apostleshipofthesea.org.uk .
  87. ↑ Cruceros, P&O. "Cruceros P&O: Vacaciones en crucero 2017, 2018 y 2019" . www.pocruises.com .
  88. ↑ Reino Unido, Cunard. "Vacaciones en crucero" . Cunard .
  89. ↑ "Capellanía de cruceros – AoS" . Apostleshipofthesea.org.uk .
  90. 1 2 3 Gibson (1997) págs . 1–6
  91. ↑ Telegraph & Argus , El aeropuerto de Leeds Bradford lanza un servicio de capellanía , publicado en 2010, consultado el 3 de julio de 2023.
  92. ↑ "Selección y formación para el ministerio sacerdotal en la diócesis de Terranova y Labrador Oriental", https://web.archive.org/web/20220111130214/https://anglicanenl.net/home/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ordinationpamphlet.pdf
  93. ↑ También recibió la Cruz de Caballero de la Orden de Francisco José , entre otras condecoraciones. Tänzer sirvió en el frente, cuidó de los soldados, organizó comedores populares para la población necesitada y prestó servicio en hospitales militares.

Lecturas adicionales

  • Alexander, Paul (2009). Peace to War: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God. Telford: Cascadia Pub. House. ISBN 978-1-931038-58-4.
  • Baker, Alan T. (2021). Foundations of Chaplaincy: A Practical Guide. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-7749-9.
  • Bergen, Doris L., ed. (2004). The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0-268-02176-7.
  • Brinsfield, John W.; Davis, William C.; Maryniak, Benedict; Robertson, James I. Jr., eds. (2003). Faith In The Fight: Civil War Chaplains. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0811735230.
  • Cadge, Wendy; Rambo, Shelly, eds. (2022). Chaplaincy and Spiritual Care in the Twenty-First Century: An Introduction. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-6759-1.
  • Dubler, Joshua (2014). Down in the Chapel Religious Life in an American Prison. Picador. ISBN 9781250050328.
  • Forster-Smith, Lucy A., ed. (2013). College and University Chaplaincy in the 21st Century A Multifaith Look at the Practice of Ministry on Campuses Across America. Vermont: LongHill Partners. ISBN 978-1-68336-011-7.
  • Gibson, William (1997). A Social History of the Domestic Chaplain, 1530–1840. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0093-1.
  • Horton, Janet Yarlott (2017). Cracking the Camouflage Ceiling: Faith Persistence and Progress in the Army Chaplaincy During the Early Integration of Women in the Military. Indiana: Hawthorne Publishing. ISBN 978-0996394956.
  • Norman, James (2004). At the Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care. Dublin: Veritas Publications. ISBN 1-85390-752-9.
  • Paget, Naomi; McCormack, Janet (2006). The Work of the Chaplain. Valley Forge: Judson Press. ISBN 0-8170-1499-3.
  • Plummer, David B. (March 1996). "Chaplaincy: The Greatest Story Never Told". Journal of Pastoral Care. 50 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1177/002234099605000101.
  • Roberts, Stephen (2012). Professional Spiritual & Pastoral Care: A Practical Clergy and Chaplain's Handbook. Woodstock: Skylight Paths. ISBN 978-1-59473-312-3.
  • Stahl, Ronit Y. (2017). Enlisting Faith: How the Military Chaplaincy Shaped Religion and State in Modern America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674972155.
  • Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers (2009). Religión en prisión: Reforma basada en la fe y la Constitución . Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13359-1.
  • Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers (2019). Un ministerio de presencia: Capellanía, atención espiritual y derecho . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64183-6.
  • Swift, Christopher; Cobb, Mark; Todd, Andrew, eds. (2016). Manual de estudios sobre capellanía | Comprensión de la atención espiritual en lugares públicos . Londres: Routledge. ISBN 978-1472434067.
  • Todd, Andrew, ed. (2013). La capellanía militar en disputa: capellanes, iglesias y la moralidad del conflicto . Burlington: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-3157-2.
  • Torry, Malcolm (2010). Bridgebuilders: A Workplace Chaplaincy . Norwich: Canterbury Press. ISBN 978-1-84825-036-9.
  • VandeCreek, Larry; Lucas, Art (2001). La disciplina para el cuidado pastoral: Fundamentos para una capellanía orientada a resultados . Binghamton: The Haworth Press. ISBN 0-7890-1345-2.
  • Logotipo de Wikimedia CommonsContenido multimedia relacionado con los capellanes en Wikimedia Commons
  • Logotipo de WikcionarioDefinición de capellán en Wikcionario
  • "capellán" , Diccionario Colegiado Merriam-Webster
  • "capellán" , certificación y formación en capellanía
  • Capellán de unidad en la película Fury de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Archivado el 4 de noviembre de 2014 en Wayback Machine .