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Helen Battle

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Helen Irene Battle (August 31, 1903 – June 17, 1994) was a pioneering Canadian ichthyologist and marine biologist. She was the first Canadian woman to earn a PhD in marine biology and she was also one of the first zoologists to engage in laboratory research (as opposed to field research).[1] She was an emeritus professor of zoology at the University of Western Ontario from 1972.

Early life and education

Born in London, Ontario, she received B.A. (1923) and M.A. (1924) from University of Western Ontario (Western University) and was 16 years old when she started her undergraduate degree.[2] Her master's thesis was on the field of fish embryology. She completed her PhD at the University of Toronto in 1928 under the supervision of Archibald G. Huntsman, whereby she also became the first woman in Canada to earn a PhD in Marine Biology.

Career

From 1929 to 1967, Battle served on the faculty of Western University. Battle's teaching career spanned over fifty years and 4,500 students, involving topics such as the embryology of marine life and teaching methodology.[3][4] During her tenure, Dr. Battle fought for improving the position of women in universities and encouraged women to study science and go to graduate school. In 1956, Battle became Acting Head of the Zoology Department at Western University, in which she was instrumental in the design and creation of the Biology and Geology Building at Western University.[5] Even after her retirement in 1967, Battle found innovative ways to teach and was one of the first instructors to use television, taping a series of lectures for the Natural Science Centre.

Her research included examining the impact of pollutants on marine life and drinking water through the analysis of fertilized fish eggs.[6] She was one of the first zoologists to actively apply laboratory research methods to marine problems, including histology and physiology methods.[1] She also pioneered the use of fish eggs to study the effects of carcinogenic substances on cell development.[5] She published 37 research articles between 1926 and 1973, in which many of her papers are illustrated with her own ink drawings.[5][1]

Cofundó la Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos (CSZ) en 1961 y fue su presidenta de 1962 a 1963. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Recibió la Medalla del Centenario Canadiense en 1967 y, en 1971, un doctorado honoris causa en Derecho por la Universidad Western y un doctorado en Ciencias por la Universidad Carleton . En 1977, la Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos le otorgó la medalla FEJ Fry , convirtiéndose en la primera mujer en recibirla. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Fue miembro honoraria de la Asociación Nacional de Profesores de Biología y, en 1991, la Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos estableció el premio Helen I. Battle en su honor. [ 11 ]

Publicaciones

  • Battle, HI y Sprules, WM, 1960. Descripción de los huevos semiflotantes y las primeras etapas de desarrollo del ojo dorado, Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque). Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada , 17 (2), pp.  245–266. [ 12 ]
  • Shaw, BL y Battle, HI, 1957. Anatomía macroscópica y microscópica del tracto digestivo de la ostra Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). Canadian Journal of Zoology , 35 (3), pp.  325–347. [ 13 ]
  • Battle, HI, 1944. La embriología del salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar Linnaeus). Revista Canadiense de Investigación , 22 (5), págs.  105–125. [ 14 ]
  • Battle, HI, Huntsman, AG, Jeffers, AM, Jeffers, GW, Johnson, WH y McNairn, NA, 1936. Grasa, digestión y alimentación de los arenques jóvenes de Passamaquoddy. Journal of the Biological Board of Canada , 2 (4), pp.  401–429. [ 15 ]
  • Battle, HI, 1932. Madurez sexual rítmica y desove de ciertos moluscos bivalvos. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries , 7 (1), pp.  255–276. [ 16 ]
  • BATTLE, HI, 1929. Coeficientes de temperatura para la tasa de muerte del músculo en Raja erinacea (Mitchill) a altas temperaturas. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries , 4 (1), pp.  501–526. [ 17 ]
  • Hisaoka, KK y Battle, HI (1958), Las etapas normales del desarrollo del pez cebra, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan)†. J. Morphol., 102: 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051020205

Véase también

Referencias

  1. 1 2 3 "Helen Irene Battle | La Enciclopedia Canadiense" . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca . Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2019 .
  2. ↑ "Helen Irene Battle – Mujeres en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas" . Ingenium . Consultado el 7 de enero de 2024 .
  3. ↑ "Helen Irene Battle" . www.londonculture.ca . Archivado del original el 27/10/2017 . Consultado el 26/10/2017 .
  4. ↑ "science.ca : Helen Irene Battle" . www.science.ca . Consultado el 26 de octubre de 2017 . 
  5. 1 2 3 "Placa del Patrimonio - Helen Battle" . www.uwo.ca. Consultado el 7 de octubre de 2018 .
  6. ↑ "Western News - Western exhibirá hitos de investigación con placas conmemorativas" . Western News . 9 de marzo de 2017. Consultado el 26 de octubre de 2017 .
  7. ↑ "Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos – Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos" . Archivado del original el 3 de noviembre de 2020. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2019 .
  8. ↑ "science.ca : Helen Irene Battle" . www.science.ca . Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2019 . 
  9. ↑ Zimmer, Mitchell (diciembre de 2005). "Helen Irene Battle: Una parte de nuestra historia" . The Science Flashpoint . Universidad de Western Ontario. Archivado del original el 27 de abril de 2016. Recuperado el 7 de abril de 2016 .
  10. ↑ Brown, Patricia Stocking (1994). «Las primeras mujeres ictiólogas» . En Balon, Eugene K.; Bruton, Michael N.; Noakes, David LG (eds.). Mujeres en la ictiología: Una antología en honor a ET, Ro y Genie . Springer Science + Business Media, BV ISBN 9789401101998.
  11. ↑ "Premio HI Battle" . Sociedad Canadiense de Zoólogos. Archivado del original el 24 de marzo de 2016. Consultado el 7 de abril de 2016 .
  12. ↑Battle, Helen I.; Sprules, William M. (1960-02-01). "A Description of the Semi-buoyant Eggs and Early Developmental Stages of the Goldeye, Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque)". Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 17 (2): 245–266. doi:10.1139/f60-020. ISSN 0015-296X.
  13. ↑Shaw, Barbara L.; Battle, Helen I. (1957-06-01). "The Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Digestive Tract of the Oyster Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 35 (3): 325–347. Bibcode:1957CaJZ...35..325S. doi:10.1139/z57-026. ISSN 0008-4301.
  14. ↑Battle, Helen I. (1944-10-01). "The Embryology of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar Linnaeus)". Canadian Journal of Research. 22d (5): 105–125. doi:10.1139/cjr44d-008. ISSN 1923-4287.
  15. ↑Battle, Helen I.; Huntsman, A. G.; Jeffers, Anne M.; Jeffers, G. W.; Johnson, W. H.; McNairn, N. A. (1936-07-01). "Fatness, Digestion and Food of Passamaquoddy Young Herring". Journal of the Biological Board of Canada. 2 (4): 401–429. doi:10.1139/f36-020. ISSN 0368-1424.
  16. ↑Battle, Helen I. (1932-01-01). "Rhythmic Sexual Maturity and Spawning of Certain Bivalve Mollusks". Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries. 7 (1): 255–276. doi:10.1139/f32-020. ISSN 0366-5348.
  17. ↑Battle, Helen I. (1929-01-01). "TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE RATE OF DEATH OF THE MUSCLE IN RAJA ERINACEA (MITCHILL) AT HIGH TEMPERATURES". Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries. 4 (1): 501–526. doi:10.1139/f29-032. ISSN 0366-5348.