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Cervecería Hindmarsh

La cervecería Hindmarsh fue fundada alrededor de 1844 en Hindmarsh , en la entonces colonia de Australia Meridional , por EJF "Fred" Crawford. Crawford perdió la propiedad del n...

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La cervecería Hindmarsh fue fundada alrededor de 1844 en Hindmarsh , en la entonces colonia de Australia Meridional , por EJF "Fred" Crawford. Crawford perdió la propiedad del negocio en 1859, lo restableció en otro lugar antes de declararse en bancarrota . Posteriormente, Henry Haussen y George Catchlove se hicieron cargo de ella y la gestionaron con éxito, junto con sus sucesores, hasta 1927.

Historia

La cervecería Hindmarsh ha sido promocionada como la primera en la colonia, [ 1 ] pero es casi seguro que otras la precedieron: había

  • La cervecería de Anthony Lillyman (fallecido en 1847), a orillas del río Torrens , que era un punto de referencia conocido en marzo de 1838, cerró más tarde ese mismo año. [ 2 ]
  • John Warren (c. 1783 – 22 de marzo de 1873), llegó en enero de 1838 a bordo del Royal Admiral , tenía una cervecería en las orillas del Torrens ese mismo año [ 3 ].
  • Cervecería Union en el lado sur de la calle Rundle, esquina con James Place: Daniel Cudmore 1838 a 1841?; John Richmond (c. 1797–1862) y John Primrose 1841 a noviembre de 1875.
  • Cervecería de Grenfell Street frente al hotel Fordham, 1839.
  • La "Cervecería Torrens" y la "Cervecería Park Land" de Auld & Shand, fundadas en 1841, fueron declaradas insolventes tanto por John Auld como por John Shand en 1843.
  • La "Cervecería Adelaide" de Thomas Kilpatrick Auld se inauguró en agosto de 1842 en el terreno número 49 de la ciudad, al norte de la calle Hindley, a dos parcelas de la calle King William. John Auld era el propietario del "Hotel Cervecero Adelaide", situado al lado. Ambos eran hermanos de Patrick Auld . Posteriormente, Thomas tuvo una cervecería en Morphett Vale y luego en Gawler. En 1858 se declaró insolvente y posiblemente se trasladó a otro estado.
  • John Newington era propietario de la cervecería Kent en Halifax Street , cerca de la iglesia de San Juan, antes de diciembre de 1842. Se declaró insolvente en 1846.
  • Cervecería Barleycorn de Thomas Moulden, Rundle Street , frente al Hotel Sir John Barleycorn (1843 a 1846).
  • Andrew Birrell y Edward Moger 1843; Birrell (¿fallecido en 1867?) insolvente en 1843; Moger (c. 1812–1899) luego empleado en Pirie Street Brewery , insolvente en 1851, más tarde en Gumeracha Brewery, Gumeracha .
  • Lejos de la ciudad, la cervecería Balhannah fue operada entre 1843 y 1844 por James Turnbull Thomson , y nuevamente en 1855.

y aproximadamente al mismo tiempo:

hermanos Crawford

Edward James Frederick "Fred" Crawford (c. 1809 – 8 de mayo de 1880) [ 4 ] y George Tinline fueron socios en una cervecería, que para 1844 producía una cerveza de calidad comercializable. A partir de ese año, el nombre de Tinline no apareció en referencia a la cervecería; aunque es probable que, siendo banquero, su interés en el negocio fuera siempre financiero y siguiera siéndolo. La cervecería operó entonces como "Crawford Brothers", aunque el nombre de ningún hermano apareció jamás en relación con la cervecería. James Field Crawford (1815 – 24 de mayo de 1906), el explorador, [ 5 ] y Thomas George Tremlett Crawford (c. 1825 – 5 de septiembre de 1911) eran hermanos, de quienes el monte Crawford pudo haber recibido su nombre. [ 6 ] [ a ] ​​[ b ]

La cervecería estaba situada en el lote 83 de la calle Manton, en Hindmarsh, que Crawford arrendó a Daniel Cudmore y que posteriormente compró; la zona está delimitada actualmente por las calles Orsmond, Milner y Manton, y por Crawford Lane. [ 8 ]

El lugar era conocido por el agua potable segura que la cervecería extraía de un acuífero, utilizando una bomba construida por John Ridley , y que ponía a disposición de los residentes cercanos. [ 9 ]

En 1850, Crawford compró a Luther Scammell una franja de terreno, que pronto se denominó Brewery Lane, para mejorar el acceso desde Port Road a su cervecería. Posteriormente, esta calle se conoció como Kangaroo Lane, y actualmente se llama Crawford Lane.

En julio de 1854, WH Clark , junto con sus socios JB Spence , JH Parr y Edward Logue , se hicieron cargo de la cervecería Hindmarsh de los hermanos Crawford con el fin de cerrarla y abastecer a sus clientes desde su cervecería de Halifax Street. [ 10 ] Sin embargo, el negocio continuó bajo la dirección de Crawford, [ 11 ] pero aún no se han determinado las condiciones. En 1859, debido a dificultades financieras, cedió la propiedad a sus acreedores. [ 8 ] Por esta época, Crawford era gerente de la cervecería de Pirie Street . [ 5 ]

In 1861 he purchased the brewery founded in 1859 by Watson & Borrers, on Hindmarsh Lot 162 on nearby Richards Street.[12] and taken over the following year by the short-lived[13] partnership of Bauer & Coulthard.[14]

Crawford was an avid real estate speculator, which may have been the cause of his bankruptcy in 1867[15] after four years of drought and recession, and he departed for Ararat, Victoria out of reach of his creditors. The property was purchased by Haussen & Catchlove.

In 1869 E. J. F. Crawford founded the Crawford and Moyle brewery, later Crawford Brothers, and did much to encourage local hop growing.[16] The brewery closed sometime before 1875 and he was employed at the Victoria Brewery, Sale, Victoria.[17] He and his wife died there, she in 1877 and he died intestate in 1880. Probate was granted to his eldest son James John Crawford (1848– ) in 1894 and published ten years later.[18] John James Crawford settled in Koroit, perhaps initially in straitened circumstances[19] but grandson Sidney Crawford (1885–1968) became a wealthy and influential Adelaide businessman.[19]

Haussen & Catchlove

Henry Hermann Haussen (1 September 1830 – 28 December 1870) was born in London, a son of Otto Carl Haussen (c. 1781 – 11 August 1862) and Maria Haussen (c. 1784 – 15 June 1865), who emigrated to South Australia aboard John, arriving in September 1839 with their children Otto Charles Haussen (c. 1821 – 16 October 1881) married Henriette Wormker (spelling?) in 1850, Emily Rose, Emma and Henry Hermann. Emily Rose, the youngest daughter, married G.A.F. Heseltine on 7 May 1846. Haussen established a potato business in Gouger Street, Adelaide that operated 1859–1870; much of the business being importation of seed potatoes from Van Diemen's Land (today's Tasmania).

George Henry Catchlove (c. 1830 – 17 October 1892) and his widowed father Henry Catchlove (c. 1806–1867) arrived in June 1839 aboard Hooghly. Henry's brother Edward William Catchlove (c. 1878–1846) arrived in November 1836 aboard Tam O'Shanter with a larger family. His wife Harriet died en voyage. Edward was licensee of the Shipwright's Arms, Albert Town (today's Alberton), transferred it to George in 1845.

Advertising logo, Haussen & Catchlove's Hindmarsh Ales

The Hindmarsh Brewery was purchased in 1868 from Crawford's bankrupt estate by Haussen and his brother-in-law Catchlove, operating it originally as Crawford & Co., then Haussen & Catchlove. The brewery's cellars, dubbed "the warren",[20] were extensive, totalling about 300 yards (270 m), and remarkable for requiring no timbering or brickwork, as the ground was of a most tenacious type of clay.[21]

They had offices at 63 Hindley Street, which from January 1869 also carried a wide range of imported ale, wines and spirits.[22] They also had an office and warehouse at Port Adelaide.[23] The company only produced their beverages in barrels for supply to licensed premises, but at least one company made a business of bottling their ales and porters: this was R. Strutton of Gilbert Place, later of Blyth Street.[24]

Haussen died in 1870, and his wife continued as partner in the business until 1874 when it was purchased by Frederick Estcourt Bucknall and Frank South Botting (c. 1849–1894),[8] but continued trading as Haussen & Co.

Some time after 1881 Bucknall, who was Mayor of Hindmarsh 1880–1883, ceased to have any involvement in the Company, perhaps as late as 1886 when he lost most of his fortune with the failure of the Commercial Bank of South Australia. Botting and his father Francis Joseph Botting (1819–1906) took over the business. Frank Botting died in November 1894, and his father became sole proprietor.

A public company Haussen & Co. Ltd. was established in 1910 to operate the Richards Street brewery, which continued operation until 1927, when it was absorbed by the Walkerville Cooperative Brewing Co. Haussen & Co. continued as owners of their various hotels, but contracted to that company (which despite its name was located at Southwark) for their supplies. (Auguste John) Charles De Bavay (died 10 November 1962), son of Auguste Joseph Francois De Bavay OBE (1856–1944) was head brewer 1913, and introduced new methods and equipment.[25]

Strutton & Trapmann

In 1876 Robert Strutton (died 1919) and Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand Trapmann (Mayor of Hindmarsh 1876–1877; died 1885) opened the "Kangaroo Brewery" on the site of the old Hindmarsh Brewery. The business closed in 1884, but the "Kangaroo Brewery" sign, and the informal name "Kangaroo Lane" (now Crawford Lane) persisted into the 20th century.[8]

Crawford family

Edward James Frederick Crawford (7 December 1809 – 15 May 1880) was a son of Captain Crawford of HMS Victorious.[26] He married Mary Ann Scott, emigrated aboard Dorset, arriving in Adelaide January 1839 with daughters Ann Eliza and Elizabeth. Fate of mother (who may have died before embarkation) and daughter Ann not yet known. His first employment in the new country was in the office of The Southern Australian. His family includes:

  • Elizabeth Crawford (c. 1837 – 2 May 1866) married John Flaxman (c. 1836–1901) of Melbourne on 12 May 1857, died at Warrnambool

He married Frances Mitchell ( – 1 April 1877) in Sydney on 31 July 1841. She was a sister of T. N. Mitchell of Anlaby station.

  • James John Crawford (7 February 1848 – 17 October 1926), accountant, married Ruth Harding (1859[27] – 17 February 1946) of Whanganui, New Zealand, on 15 November 1879? 25 November 1880?, lived Koroit, Victoria, then Brighton, South Australia. Prominent among their seven sons were:
  • Edward James Frederick Crawford ( – ) married Margaret Elizabeth Gray of Horsham, Victoria on 30 May 1907, lived at Buninyong. Named identically to his grandfather, he was manager of the National Bank at Koroit, Angaston, Eudunda, Strathalbyn, Wagga Wagga, Albury[28] Bendigo and Prahran, playing organ at several of the earlier towns' Congregational churches. An identically named distant relative (1865 – 28 December 1941),[29] see below, was a health inspector and architect in Melbourne.[30]
  • Lindsay Tremlett Crawford (27 April 1882 – 2 December 1973)
  • Sidney Crawford (4 November 1885 – 14 May 1968) married Elsie Mary Allen on 10 September 1920
  • Rev. Norman Crawford (died 1968?), psychologist and (Anglican) priest at Plympton and at Glenelg; a Howard League member noted for his opposition to the hanging of Max Stuart.
  • Arthur Crawford (c. May 1893 – ) bank clerk, served in France with the Motor Transport Service; married Estella Helena Mitchell, daughter of Lt.-Col. C. Ashmore Mitchell VD (1862–1941). Arthur was still alive 1946.
  • Francis "Doc" Crawford (c. March 1895 – 30 August 1913)
  • Frederick Henry Crawford (16 June 1850 – 9 December 1915) married Jane Margaret Clugston on 1 June 1893 in Whanganui, New Zealand, where he was employed as a brewer
  • Lindsay Crawford (9 April 1852 – 19 March 1901) died at Newcastle Waters, Northern Territory
  • Frances Madeline Jane "Madeline" Crawford (1853 – ) married John Edward Kelsey in Katherine, Northern Territory on 10 December 1886

Also on Dorset were his brothers James Field Crawford (1815 – 24 May 1906),[c] Thomas George Tremlett Crawford (c. 1825 – 5 September 1911 in Brisbane), and (possibly) Sidney Malone Crawford (c. 1823 – 5 November 1864) who had arrived in SA by 1842 but not found on Dorset passenger list. He married Blakely Robson on 16 June 1849, was brewer at Sandhurst, Victoria, and had one son, Edward James Frederick Crawford (1865–1941), architect of Melbourne. Blakely married again on 21 December 1878, to Peter Tyson, squatter of Corrong Station.

Relationship (if any) to Hugh Archibald Crawford (c. 1824 – 6 October 1881), his son Robert Hugh Crawford (c. 1854 – 18 October 1930) and grandson Hugh John Crawford (c. 1883 – 21 March 1943), who owned Adelaide's major grocery, in Hindley Street and King William Street from 1852 to 1933, has not been established.

Another whose relationship has not been established is Capt. Henry Spencer Crawford ( – 14 November 1861), co-founder of Kent Town Brewery.

Haussen family

Henry Hermann Haussen emigrated aboard John with his parents Otto Carl and Maria Haussen, and siblings Otto Charles, Emily Rose and Emma, arriving in February 1840. He married Rosa Catchlove (7 December 1840 – 23 November 1899), eldest daughter of Henry Catchlove, on 2 March 1858.[31] Their children included:

  • Emily Mary Haussen (4 May 1859 - 1914) married Harry Walker ( – 25 November 1886) on 20 April 1881
  • Fred Walker (5 January 1884[32] – 21 July 1935), chairman Fred Walker & Co., later Kraft Walker, manufacturers of Vegemite
  • Rosa Henrietta Haussen (2 November 1860 – 29 November 1915) married brewer Arthur Wellington Ware (1867 – 29 January 1927) on 11 March 1884
  • Ada Haussen (3 February 1864 – 29 December 1952) married William John Allsop Begg (c. 1866 – 29 September 1947)
  • Henry Spencer "Spence" Haussen (3 September 1865 – 1942) Spence died in Wyong, New South Wales
  • Amelia Haussen (26 January 1869 - ) married architect Arthur Dan Bendle Garlick (30 May 1863 – 27 June 1901) on 8 April 1890, died in Maryborough, Queensland. Garlick was a son of pioneer architect Daniel Garlick.
  • Anna Hermanna Haussen (6 January 1871 – 14 March 1943) married solicitor George Andrew Greer ( – 1 May 1905)[33] on 18 June 1890. She never remarried.

Catchlove family

Henry Catchlove (c. 1806 – 26 October 1867), a widower, and his son George Henry Catchlove arrived in SA June 1839 aboard Hooghly.

  • George Henry Catchlove (c. 1830 – 17 October 1892)[34] married Amelia Sayers ( –1929) in 1853. They had no children.

Around 1840 he married Emma Filmer, who arrived with her parents and large family aboard Lloyds in December 1838. Their children included:

  • Rosa Catchlove (7 December 1840 – 23 November 1899) married Henry Hermann Haussen on 2 March 1858[31]
  • Nora Catchlove (1851– )
  • Alice Maud Mary Catchlove (1854– ) married cousin Zechariah Sayers in 1873
  • Alfred Harry Catchlove (1856– )
  • Harry Charles Catchlove (1858– )
  • Albert Henry Catchlove (1864– ) married Eva McCulloch of Prahran, Victoria, on 6 March 1890

Emma married again, to James James in 1876.

A brother Edward William Catchlove arrived in South Australia November 1836 aboard Tam O'Shanter. His daughter Jane Catchlove married William Williams of Walkerville Brewery on 25 October 1877. A granddaughter Mary Laura Williams (1845 – 13 November 1880) married Thomas Moseley, son of Henry Jackson Moseley, founder of the Pier Hotel, Glenelg, on 25 October 1877.

Other breweries

Other breweries operating in the late 1860s included:[35]

Notes and references

  1. ↑Fanny Crawford (1829 – 7 April 1898), who married publican Charles James Ware (c. 1824 – 19 December 1891), was a daughter of William Crawford, arrived aboard D'Auvergne March 1839, and probably not related.
  2. ↑T. G. T. Crawford may have been the Thomas George Crawford of Newbridge Brewery which wound up in 1876.[7]
  3. ↑A. T. Saunders gives him rank of Lieutenant and has him aboard Porter which arrived in SA a few days after Dorset. This is not supported by Barry Leadbeater's lists.
  1. ↑"Pioneer and Auctioneer". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). Vol. XL, no. 11046. South Australia. 10 July 1906. p. 1. Retrieved 28 December 2017– via National Library of Australia.
  2. ↑"Advertising". South Australian Gazette And Colonial Register. Vol. I, no. 36. South Australia. 29 September 1838. p. 2. Retrieved 29 December 2017– via National Library of Australia.
  3. ↑"The Four John Warrens". The Chronicle (Adelaide). Vol. LXXIX, no. 4, 172. South Australia. 29 October 1936. p. 50. Retrieved 9 February 2018– via National Library of Australia.
  4. ↑"Family Notices". Gippsland Times. No. 2353. Victoria, Australia. 10 May 1880. p. 3 (Morning.). Retrieved 6 March 2018– via National Library of Australia.
  5. 12"The Barrier Ranges Expedition". Adelaide Observer. Vol. XVII, no. 934. South Australia. 27 August 1859. p. 6. Retrieved 1 February 2018– via National Library of Australia.
  6. ↑"E. J. F. Crawford". The Register (Adelaide). Vol. XC, no. 26, 249. South Australia. 12 February 1925. p. 12. Retrieved 1 February 2018– via National Library of Australia.
  7. ↑"Advertising". Avoca Mail. No. 907. Victoria, Australia. 29 September 1876. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2018– via National Library of Australia.
  8. 1234Ronald Parsons (1974). Hindmarsh Town. Corporation of the Town of Hindmarsh. ISBN 0959879307.
  9. ↑"Water Raising and Irrigation". South Australian Register. South Australia. 1 May 1844. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2018– via National Library of Australia.Se perciben ecos de la instalación que ahora funciona en las afueras de la cervecería de Southwark, a apenas un kilómetro de distancia.
  10. ↑ «Publicidad» . Adelaide Times . Vol. VIII, n.º 1229. Australia Meridional. 17 de julio de 1854. pág. 2. Consultado el 18 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  11. ↑ «La cervecería Hindmarsh» . Adelaide Observer . Vol. XXVI, n.º 1392. Australia Meridional. 6 de junio de 1868. pág. 14. Consultado el 18 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  12. ↑ Ahora llamada "Richard Street", recibió su nombre en honor a PM Richards, uno de los primeros miembros de la junta directiva. El lote 162 estaba más cerca de Chapel Street que de la esquina de Manton Street.
  13. ↑ «Anuncios clasificados» . The South Australian Advertiser . Vol. II, n.º 537. Australia Meridional. 31 de marzo de 1860. pág. 1. Consultado el 30 de enero de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  14. ↑ «Publicidad» . Adelaide Observer . Vol. XVIII, n.º 986. Australia Meridional. 25 de agosto de 1860. pág. 1. Consultado el 30 de enero de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  15. ↑ "Publicidad" . The South Australian Advertiser . Australia Meridional. 2 de julio de 1867. pág. 1. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia. 
  16. ↑ «Informe Agrícola» . The Ballarat Star . Vol. XIV, n.º 156. Victoria, Australia. 2 de julio de 1869. pág. 4. Consultado el 6 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  17. ↑ "Publicidad" . Gippsland Times . N.° 1617. Victoria, Australia. 7 de agosto de 1875. pág. 3. Consultado el 6 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.  
  18. ↑ «Publicidad» . The Argus (Melbourne) . N.° 18, 153. Victoria, Australia. 19 de septiembre de 1904. pág. 10. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.  
  19. 1 2 Susan Marsden, 'Crawford, Sidney (1885–1968)', Diccionario Biográfico Australiano, Centro Nacional de Biografía, Universidad Nacional Australiana, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/crawford-sidney-9859/text17443 , publicado por primera vez en formato impreso en 1993, consultado en línea el 12 de febrero de 2018.
  20. ↑ «Las cervecerías de Adelaida y sus suburbios» . South Australian Register . Vol. XXXII, n.º 6729. Australia Meridional. 1 de junio de 1868. pág. 3. Consultado el 29 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  21. ↑ «Noticias de la semana» . Adelaide Observer . Vol. XXVII, n.º 1493. Australia Meridional. 14 de mayo de 1870. pág. 15. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  22. ↑ «Publicidad» . The Express and Telegraph . Vol. VI, n.º 1, 555. Australia Meridional. 28 de enero de 1869. pág. 4. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   El número 62 de Hindley Street era un error tipográfico que posteriormente se corrigió.
  23. ↑ Local de Haussen & Catchlove , 1870 , consultado el 31 de enero de 2018
  24. ↑ «Publicidad» . The Evening Journal (Adelaida) . Vol. V, n.º 1468. Australia Meridional. 28 de octubre de 1873. pág. 1. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  25. ↑ "Las cervecerías negocian" . The News (Adelaida) . Vol. VII, n.º 1, 042. Australia Meridional. 15 de noviembre de 1926. pág. 1. Consultado el 8 de febrero de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  26. ↑ "Sr. EJF Crawford" . The Register (Adelaida) . Vol. XC, n.º 26, 249. Australia Meridional. 12 de febrero de 1925. pág. 12. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  27. ↑ Sr. Pim (27 de junio de 1945). "Pasando por aquí" . The News (Adelaida) . Vol. 44, n.º 6, 835. Australia Meridional. pág. 2. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  28. ↑ "Personal" . The Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga) . Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia. 4 de diciembre de 1926. pág. 4. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia. 
  29. ↑ "Obituario" . The Age . N.° 27051. Victoria, Australia. 30 de diciembre de 1941. pág. 5. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.  
  30. ↑ Sr. Pim (3 de enero de 1942). "Pasando por aquí" . The News (Adelaida) . Australia Meridional. pág. 2. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia. 
  31. 1 2 Rosa se casó de nuevo, con Frederick Estcourt Bucknall el 1 de octubre de 1874. Tuvo tres hijos más con Bucknall, quien murió en la pobreza. Sus hijos con Haussen fueron bien provistos en su testamento y prosperaron; los demás cayeron en el olvido. Se casó una vez más, con el cervecero John Huxtable. Wesley Peryman (c. 1837 – 13 de febrero de 1923), murió en Mount Magnet, Australia Occidental.
  32. ↑ "Avisos familiares" . The Argus (Melbourne) . N.° 11, 726. Victoria, Australia. 21 de enero de 1884. pág. 1. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2017 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.  
  33. ↑ "Veneno por error" . The Register . Adelaida: Biblioteca Nacional de Australia. 3 de mayo de 1905. pág. 4. Consultado el 11 de febrero de 2013 . 
  34. ↑ "Obituario" . The Evening Journal (Adelaida) . Vol. XXIV, n.º 6878. Australia Meridional. 18 de octubre de 1892. pág. 2. Consultado el 27 de enero de 2018 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
  35. ↑ «Las cervecerías de Adelaida y sus alrededores» . South Australian Register . Vol. XXXII, n.º 6729. Australia Meridional. 1 de junio de 1868. pág. 3. Consultado el 13 de diciembre de 2020 a través de la Biblioteca Nacional de Australia.   
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