Jatinegara (originally known as Meester Cornelis or Meester/Mester for short) is one of the districts (Indonesian: kecamatan) of the administrative city of East Jakarta, Indonesia. The name also refers to the larger, historic area of the colonial town of Meester Cornelis. Established in the 17th century, Jatinegara is one of the oldest areas in Jakarta, and contains a number of buildings from the colonial period.
The area is historically known for its cosmopolitan character, dominated formerly by indigenous Christians from the so-called Outer Islands, but also with sizeable Chinese and Arab communities (Vreemde Oosterlingen or 'foreign orientals').[1]Jatinegara railway station, one of the biggest railway stations in Jakarta, is located on the boundary between the districts of Jatinegara and Matraman.
Another Jatinegara, an administrative village in Cakung, has no known historic connection to Jatinegara in Jakarta.
History
Pre-colonial era
The name Jatinegara is derived from Jatina Nagara, Sundanese for "the might of the state", symbolizing the resistance of the princes of Banten in their fight against the Dutch East India Company. Local lore claims that, sometime in the 17th century, Jatinegara became home to a settlement of Bantenese princes and their followers.[2]
Early colonial period

During the Dutch colonial period, the area was renamed Meester Cornelis, after Cornelis Senen. He was one of the most celebrated Malay-speaking (Calvinist) preachers and schoolmasters of his time. He was the son of an indigenous Christian who had been resettled by the Company in Lontor, one of the (Banda Islands).[3] In 1656, Senen was granted a private estate (particuliere land) to the east of Ciliwung, with total area of 5 square kilometers, about 12 km southeast of the fort of Batavia. As a landlord (Landheer), he was addressed by the old Dutch honorific Meester or master. The land was harvested for timber and used mainly for agriculture. Cornelis Senen died in 1661, and gave his name to his old estate until it was renamed after Indonesian independence.

During the 18th century, Meester Cornelis was a military district with residential areas, wide roads, and a semi-rural character. A buffalo market, known for its "Thursday Market", was built in the vicinity in 1706. A fort was built in 1734. The commander of the fort established entertainment facilities around the fort, including a playhouse. In 1746, an encampment for soldiers with malaria was built in this area because of its higher altitude and drier air.
An artillery school was established in 1805. In 1810, the NapoleonicGovernor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Herman Willem Daendels (1762–1818) designated Meester Cornelis as Batavia's line of defence against a possible, British attack. The defence system was centered on the Meester Cornelis fort. The British attacked in 1811, won and installed a temporary British administration in the Dutch East Indies. In 1820, under the newly restored Dutch government, the fort was transformed into a prison.[4]

Meester Cornelis Military School was opened in 1852 and closed in 1892. While not the first military school in the Dutch East Indies, it was certainly the most successful. One third of the students were born in the colony; the majority came from the Netherlands; and one tenth were other Europeans, mostly from Germany. Most students were from the middle class. The school was later closed down because of financial problems: only one in three students graduated, so the costs per student were unacceptably high.
Modern colonial period

A partir del siglo XIX, Jatinegara se convirtió en uno de los principales nudos de transporte de Batavia. En 1869 se estableció un tranvía de caballos que conectaba Meester Cornelis con Kota Intan (la "Ciudad Diamante", el asentamiento holandés más antiguo de Yakarta), vía Harmoni. El 31 de enero de 1873, la Compañía Ferroviaria de las Indias Orientales Holandesas estableció una línea férrea desde Meester Cornelis hasta Buitenzorg (actualmente Bogor ). Esta línea convergía en la estación de Meester Cornelis (actualmente estación de Jatinegara ), una de las cuatro estaciones de ferrocarril más antiguas de Yakarta. El 6 de abril de 1875 se inauguró una conexión ferroviaria entre Meester Cornelis y Batavia, conectando así la antigua ciudad de Batavia con Buitenzorg. En la década de 1880, la Compañía Ferroviaria Oriental de Batavia (BOS) también construyó una ruta de 56 km (35 millas ) que unía Batavia con Karawang vía Meester Cornelis y Bekasi .
En 1881, se estableció un tranvía a vapor entre Kota Intan y Meester Cornelis, pasando por Glodok, Harmoni, Pasar Baru, Pasar Senen y Kramat. El 6 de abril de 1925, los trenes eléctricos entraron en funcionamiento por primera vez, cubriendo una ruta de 15,6 km desde Port Tanjung Priok hasta Jatinegara y una ruta de 2,6 km desde Jatinegara hasta Manggarai. Las numerosas líneas de transporte público que daban servicio a Meester Cornelis evidenciaban la importancia de esta zona en aquel entonces. [ 2 ]
Meester estuvo gobernada inicialmente por un Residente Auxiliar, quien supervisaba una burocracia tradicional con administraciones separadas para los europeos, los «extranjeros orientales» y la población indígena del territorio. En 1905, Meester Cornelis fue constituida como municipio con su propio consejo, similar a Batavia; posteriormente, en algún momento después de 1922, un Alcalde reemplazó al Residente Auxiliar. Los Alcaldes fueron M. Doorninck (1922-1932) y G. Pitlo (1933-1935).
Gracias a su ubicación estratégica, Meester Cornelis también se convirtió en un centro de entretenimiento y ocio. Uno de los primeros cines de Yakarta, el relativamente modesto Centrale Cinema , abrió sus puertas en 1912 en lo que hoy es Jalan Matraman. El cine conservó el nombre de Centrale hasta principios de la década de 1950, cuando cambió a Djaja Cinema (probablemente durante el período de Sukarno). El cine fue demolido en algún momento de la década de 1980. [ 5 ]
En 1935, Meester Cornelis fue transferido oficialmente a la administración del gobierno de Batavia.
Ocupación japonesa e independencia de Indonesia
Durante la ocupación japonesa, el nombre Meester Cornelis se consideró demasiado holandés y se cambió a Djatinegara. El nombre se ha conservado hasta el día de hoy, aunque los residentes más ancianos, ciertas rutas de transporte y uno de los mercados locales aún utilizan el antiguo nombre colonial «Meester».
Subdistritos

Jatinegara is one of the districts of East Jakarta. The boundaries of Jatinegara are Bekasi Barat Raya - Bekasi Timur Raya - Jalan I. Gusti Ngurah Rai to the north, Kali Sunter to the east, Kali Malang canal - Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road to the south, and Ciliwung River to the west.
The district of Jatinegara is divided into eight kelurahan or subdistricts:
List of important places

- Koinonia Church
- Bethesda Church
- St Anthony of Padua Catholic Church
- Fu De Gong Chinese Temple
- Shia Djin Kong Chinese Temple
- Cipinang Besar Cemetery (Chinese Cemetery)
- Jatinegara Regional Market
- Kampung Melayu Terminal
- tvOne headquarters
- Mpu Tantular University
- Gedung Wedana Meester Cornelis[4]
- Pasar Rawa Bening[4]
- Pasar Mester[4]
- Pasar Induk Beras Cipinang[4]
- Jatinegara railway station
Notable residents
- Lauw Ho, Wijkmeester of Meester Cornelis: a revenue farmer and an ancestor of the Lauw-Sim-Zecha family
- Lauw Tek Kang, Luitenant der Chinezen of Meester Cornelis: Lauw Ho's son, landlord and bureaucrat
Other
The Meester-Cornelis (H5) meteorite fell in Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, on 2 June 1915. A total mass of 24.75 kg was recovered.
References
- ↑Cribb, Robert (2008). Gangsters and Revolutionaries: The Jakarta People's Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-1949. Singapore: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9789793780719. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- 12W. Poerbo, Heru. Rejuvenating Meester Cornelis(PDF). Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ↑Mahdi 2007, p. 101.
- 12345http://jakartapedia.bpadjakarta.net/index.php/Kecamatan_Jatinegara Kecamatan Jatinegara
- ↑Merrillees 2015, p. 88.
Cited works
- Mahdi, Mahdi (2007). Malay Words and Malay Things - Lexical Souvernirs from an Exotic Archipelago in German Publications before 1700. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447054928.
- Merrillees, Scott (2015). Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9786028397308.
- Districts of Jakarta
- East Jakarta
- Particuliere landerijen