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Zviahel

Coordinates : 50°35′0″N 27°38′0″E / 50.58333°N 27.63333°E / 50.58333; 27.63333 Zviahel ( Ukrainian : Звягель , IPA: [ ˈzʲwʲɑɦelʲ ] ; Yiddish : זוויל , romanized : Zvil ) is a ...

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Coordinates: 50°35′0″N27°38′0″E / 50.58333°N 27.63333°E / 50.58333; 27.63333

Zviahel (Ukrainian: Звягель, IPA:[ˈzʲwʲɑɦelʲ]; Yiddish: זוויל, romanized: Zvil) is a city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. The city serves as the administrative center of Zviahel Raion (district).[1] According to a 2025 estimate, its population was approximately 54,3 thousand inhabitants.[2]

The city is located on the main route that links Lviv to Kyiv (E40). It is located on the Sluch River, which forms the eastern border of Volhynia.

Name

The city has previously been known as Vozviahel (Возвягель), Zviahol (Звяголь), Zviahal (Звягаль), Dzwihel and Novohrad-Volynskyi (Новоград-Волинський).

Originally known as Zviahel (from Polish: Zwiahel), the city was renamed to Novohrad-Volynskyi in 1795 after annexation of territories of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Russian Empire soon after the Third Partition of Poland.[1]

Since the 1991 Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine there have been several attempts to rename the city.[3] Public discussions on renaming the city to Zviahel began in April 2022.[3] On 16 June 2022 the city council renamed the city again to Zviahel.[3] The decision was supported by 22 of the 30 deputies present, while four deputies opposed and abstained.[3] The name change was then to be approved by the deputies of the Zhytomyr Oblast Council[3] and the final decision on renaming the city had then to be made by the Ukrainian parliament,[3] which took place on 16 November 2022.[1]

Antiguo escudo de armas completo de Novohrad-Volynskyi (en uso entre 1994 y 2022)

El 31 de marzo de 2022, el ayuntamiento decidió eliminar la letra Z (que hacía referencia al nombre Zviahel) de su escudo de armas (aparecía en la campana, tanto en la versión pequeña como en la completa). [ 4 ] Esto se hizo porque la letra Z fue ampliamente utilizada por el ejército ruso durante la invasión rusa de Ucrania en 2022 y se convirtió en una herramienta de propaganda en Rusia . [ 4 ]

Historia

La ciudad fue mencionada en la Crónica Galitziana-Volinia en el año 1256 como la ciudad de Zviahel. El asentamiento original era una ciudad antigua rutena de la Tierra de Bolokhov ubicada en la margen derecha del Sluch . [ 5 ] En 1257 fue arrasada por Daniel de Galitzia .

La siguiente mención del asentamiento se encuentra en 1432 como reconstruido en la margen izquierda, aguas arriba del sitio original. [ 5 ] Desde el siglo XIV perteneció al Gran Ducado de Lituania, propiedad de la familia principesca Zwiahelski. [ 5 ] Entre 1501 y 1554, la ciudad perteneció a la familia principesca Ostrogski . [ 5 ] En 1507, Konstanty Ostrogski construyó aquí un castillo. [ 5 ] Tras la formación del Voivodato de Volinia , se ubicó en el condado de Lutsk. Después de la Unión de Lublin de 1569 , pasó a la Corona de Polonia . [ 5 ]

Durante el levantamiento de Khmelnytsky , los cosacos destruyeron parte de la fortificación de la ciudad e incendiaron la iglesia católica ( kosciol ). [ 5 ] En septiembre de 1648 se formó en la ciudad un grupo insurgente de campesinos locales liderado por Mykhalo Tysha. [ 5 ] En la década de 1650 existió en Zwiahel el Regimiento de Zwiahel. [ 5 ]

En el siglo XVIII, la ciudad pertenecía a la familia principesca Lubomirski . [ 5 ]

La ciudad tenía una importante comunidad judía. A finales del siglo XIX albergaba a 9378 judíos, más de la mitad de la población de la ciudad. Los pogromos mataron a aproximadamente 1000 judíos en 1919. [ 6 ] Después del Tratado de Riga , Novohrad-Volynskyi pasó a formar parte de la República Socialista Soviética de Ucrania de la Unión Soviética .

In 1936, part of the Polish population was expelled by the Soviets to Kazakhstan.[7]

World War II

By the start of World War II only 6,840 Jews remained, (30% of the total population). Hundreds of Jews were murdered in mass executions perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppen in 1941. Many survivors were imprisoned in harsh conditions in a ghetto and murdered in November 1942,[8] and an important part of the town was destroyed during the war.

21st century

In February 2013, the Novohrad-Volynskyi city council decided to dismantle the monument to Lenin, which was installed in front of the city council building, and move it to Slavy Park with extra-budgetary funds.[9][10] After that, the local communists sued, but the cases were lost in the first instance and in the Court of Appeal of the Zhytomyr Oblast.[11] A sundial installation was installed instead of the Lenin monument.[12]

In 2015, Viktor Veselskyi was elected to the post of mayor. In connection with the Law of Ukraine on decommunization in the city, the Soviet names of streets, alleys, squares and boulevards were renamed.[13]

On 16 June 2022, the local council decided to return the historical name Zviahel to the city, and it was also proposed to change the name of the Novohrad-Volynskyi Raion (district) to Zviahel Raion.[14] In November, the draft law was submitted to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.[15] By the resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine dated 16 November 2022, the historical name of Zviahel was returned to the city.[16]

Demographics

Ethnicity

Distribution of the population by ethnicity according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[17]

Languages

Native language composition according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[18]

Geography

Climate

Education

In Zviahel, there are 11 secondary specialized schools (including Lyceum No. 1, No. 4, and No. 11), 4 higher education institutions, 9 libraries, 3 museums, as well as music and art schools.

Among the most well-known higher education institutions are the Medical College, founded in September 1936, as well as the Zviahel Polytechnic Applied College and the Economic-humanitarian professional college.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Zviahel is twinned with:[20]

References

  1. 123(in Ukrainian)In Ukraine, the city of Novohrad-Volynskyi was renamed, Ukrainska Pravda (16 November 2022)
  2. ↑"Паспорт громади". Нововолинська міська рада (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 11 May 2025.
  3. 123456(in Ukrainian)Novohrad-Volynskyi was renamed Zviahel – deputies returned the historical name of the city, Suspilne Movlennia (16 June 2022)
  4. 12(in Ukrainian)Change of symbols: in Zhytomyr region the letter "Z" was removed from the coats of arms of one of the communities, Suspilne Movlennia (31 March 2022)
  5. 12345678910Zvizdetskyi, B. Vozvyahl (ВОЗВЯГЛЬ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2003
  6. ↑Ron Doctor (30 September 2018). "Zhvil, Novohrad-Volins'kyy, ShtetLinks - JewishGen.org". Kehilalinks.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  7. ↑Deportacje ludności polskiej do Kazachstanu w 1936 roku. Zarys historyczny (in Polish). Warszawa: Kancelaria Senatu. 2016. pp. 25–26.
  8. ↑המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה – יד ושם. Yad Vashem (in Hebrew).
  9. ↑"У Новоград-Волинську демонтують пам'ятник Леніну". Новий Погляд. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  10. ↑"У Новоград-Волинському пам'ятник Леніну пав жертвою поступу нації вперед". УНІАН. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  11. ↑"Александр Радчук. "Свобода" отсудила право снести памятник Владимиру Ленину". Коммерсантъ Украина. № 128 (1831). 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.(in Russian)
  12. ↑"Леніна у Новограді-Волинському замінить годинник". 1.zt.ua. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  13. ↑"Перелік вулиць, провулків, майдани та бульварів міста з уточненими назвами станом на 29.01.2021". 04141.com.ua. 21 September 2021.
  14. ↑"Депутати Новоград-Волинського проголосували за перейменування міста на Звягель". Інтерфакс-Україна (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  15. ↑"Новоград-Волинському хочуть повернути історичну назву: пропозиція вже в Раді". РБК-Україна (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  16. ↑"Про перейменування міста Новоград-Волинський Новоград-Волинського району Житомирської області". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  17. ↑"Національний склад міст". Datatowel.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  18. ↑"Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України"[Native languages in the united territorial communities of Ukraine]. socialdata.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  19. ↑"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  20. ↑"Міста-партнери Звягелю". novograd.osp-ua.info (in Ukrainian). Novohrad-Volynskyi. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2020.