Articulo de referencia

Tang Jingsong

(as governor of Taiwan) "},"successor1":{"wt":"[[Liu Yongfu]]"},"office2":{"wt":"Governor of [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Taiwan Province]]"},"term2":{"wt":"1894 – 23 May 1895"},"pr...

Tang Jingsong (Chinese:唐景崧; Wade–Giles:T'ang Ching-sung; Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tn̂g Kéng-siông; 1841–1903) was a Chinese general and statesman. He commanded the Yunnan Army in the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885), and made an important contribution to Qing dynasty China's military effort in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) by persuading the Black Flag leader Liu Yongfu to serve under Chinese command. His intelligent, though ultimately unsuccessful, direction of the Siege of Tuyên Quang (November 1884–March 1885) was widely praised. He later became governor of the Chinese province of Taiwan. Following China's cession of Taiwan to Japan at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) he became president of the short-lived Republic of Formosa.

The Sino-French War

Tang Jingsong played an important role in the Sino-French War and during the period of undeclared hostilities that preceded it. In 1882 he was sent by the Qing government to Vietnam to assess the ability of the Vietnamese government to resist French expansion in Tonkin. During his stay he was able to persuade Liu Yongfu to take the field against the French with the Black Flag Army. Liu's intervention resulted in the French defeat in the Battle of Paper Bridge on 19 May 1883, in which the French commandant supérieurHenri Rivière was killed. In the wake of this disaster, Jules Ferry's government committed substantial military and naval forces to Tonkin.[1]

Tang was the only senior Chinese commander to take part in the Sơn Tây Campaign (December 1883). Although Liu Yongfu and his Vietnamese and Chinese allies failed to hold Sơn Tây against the French, Tang's loyalty to Liu on that occasion was never forgotten by the Black Flag leader. In September 1884 Tang led the Yunnan Army down the Red River from Lào Cai to threaten the French post of Tuyên Quang, and Liu Yongfu took service with him as a subordinate general.

Aunque finalmente no logró capturar el puesto francés, la conducta inteligente y metódica de Tang durante el asedio de Tuyên Quang fue elogiada por muchos de sus colegas chinos, entre ellos Zhang Zhidong , virrey de Liangguang , y Cen Yuying (岑毓英), virrey de Yun-Gui . [ 2 ]

El capitán Jean-François-Alphonse Lecomte, uno de los oficiales más perspicaces del Cuerpo Expedicionario de Tonkín , también rindió homenaje a la habilidad que el ejército de T'ang había demostrado en sus tácticas de asedio en Tuyên Quang:

Los mandarines dirigieron el ataque a Tuyen Quang con gran inteligencia. Debido a la insurrección musulmana en Yunnan, que casi había asolado toda la provincia y que solo fue sofocada por el mariscal Ma tras varios asedios, ahora eran expertos en el arte del asedio. Sus tropas eran excelentes, y aunque no lograron capturar la fortaleza, defendida por un puñado de héroes y socorrida en el último momento por la brigada de Giovanninelli, este asedio fue, sin duda, una gloriosa hazaña militar para los Celestiales y demostró que, cuando era necesario, podían estar a la altura de las circunstancias. [ 3 ]

La República de Formosa

Tang sucedió a Shao Youlian (邵友濂) como gobernador de Taiwán en 1894. Al estallar la Primera Guerra Sino-Japonesa (1894-1895), invitó a su viejo amigo Liu Yongfu a asumir el mando de las fuerzas Qing en el sur de Taiwán.

Tras la derrota de China en la Primera Guerra Sino-Japonesa, Taiwán fue cedida a Japón en abril de 1895 mediante el Tratado de Shimonoseki . Varios funcionarios chinos en Taiwán decidieron resistir a los japoneses y proclamaron la República independiente de Formosa . Tang fue investido presidente de la república el 25 de mayo de 1895. La república no duró más que el tiempo que los japoneses tardaron en invadir y ocupar Taiwán. Los japoneses invadieron el norte de Taiwán el 29 de mayo de 1895 y derrotaron a las fuerzas chinas en Keelung el 3 de junio.

Cuando la noticia de la derrota en Keelung llegó a Taipéi el 4 de junio, los líderes republicanos abandonaron el barco de inmediato. Durante la noche del 4 de junio, Tang Jingsong huyó a Tamsui y desde allí zarpó hacia el continente la tarde del 6 de junio a bordo del vapor Arthur . Su partida se retrasó un día debido a los disturbios en Tamsui. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]

After Tang's flight, the republican forces continued to resist the Japanese in Taiwan under the leadership of Liu Yongfu. The republican forces were no match for the Japanese, however, and the republic eventually collapsed with the Japanese occupation of Tainan on 21 October 1895. Like Tang, Liu Yongfu also abandoned his soldiers and fled to the mainland to escape capture.

Death

Tang died in 1903 at his home in Guilin, at the age of 63.

Notes

  •  This article incorporates text from Christian work: illustrated family newspaper, Volume 58, a publication from 1895, now in the public domain in the United States.
  1. Thomazi, Conquête, 152–7; Histoire militaire, 55–8
  2. Lung Chang, 331
  3. Lecomte, Vie militaire, 246–7
  4. Davidson, 299–306
  5. Christian work: illustrated family newspaper, Volume 58. 1895. p. 940. Retrieved 28 June 2010.(Original from the New York Public Library)

References

  • Davidson, J. W., The Island of Formosa, Past and Present (London, 1903)
  • Lecomte, J., La vie militaire au Tonkin (Paris, 1893)
  • Lung Chang [龍章], Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng [越南與中法戰爭, Vietnam and the Sino-French War] (Taipei, 1993)
  • McAleavy, H., Black Flags in Vietnam: The Story of a Chinese Intervention (New York, 1968)
  • Thomazi, A., La conquête de l'Indochine (Paris, 1934)
  • Thomazi, A., Histoire militaire de l'Indochine français (Hanoi, 1931)

See also