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Persona del Año según la revista Time

Persona del Año , llamada Hombre del Año o Mujer del Año hasta 1999, [ 1 ] es una edición anual de la revista y sitio web estadounidense Time que presenta a una persona, grupo, ...

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Persona del Año , llamada Hombre del Año o Mujer del Año hasta 1999, [ 1 ] es una edición anual de la revista y sitio web estadounidense Time que presenta a una persona, grupo, idea u objeto que "para bien o para mal  ... ha hecho más para influir en los eventos del año". [ 2 ] El sitio web de Time o una organización asociada también realiza una encuesta anual en línea para lectores que no afecta la selección, aunque no se realizó ninguna encuesta en 2023 o 2024. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]

Fondo

La tradición de seleccionar al "Hombre del Año" comenzó de forma privada en 1927, cuando los editores de Time contemplaban a los protagonistas del año tras una serie de "días de escasas noticias" previos al Día de Año Nuevo. [ 4 ] La idea se centró inicialmente en un "Hombre de la Semana" antes de que se decidiera utilizar a Charles Lindbergh para representar la noticia predominante de 1927, y la revista lo incluyó como Hombre del Año en su publicación a principios de 1928. [ 4 ] La idea también fue un intento de remediar la vergüenza editorial sufrida a principios de ese año por no haber tenido al aviador Lindbergh en su portada tras su histórico vuelo transatlántico . [ 4 ] A finales de año, se decidió que un artículo de portada con Lindbergh como Hombre del Año cumpliría ambos propósitos. [ 5 ] Antes de que se instituyera la encuesta en línea, "se invitó a los lectores a participar por correo". [ 4 ]

Selección

líderes estatales

Since the list began, every serving president of the United States has been a Man or Person of the Year at least once, with the exceptions of Calvin Coolidge (whose last term began before the first issue), Herbert Hoover (the subsequent president), and Gerald Ford (the only president never to have been elected to the office of president or vice president). Most were named Man or Person of the Year either the year they were elected or while they were in office; the only one to be given the title before being elected was Dwight D. Eisenhower, in 1944, as Supreme Commander of the Allied Invasion Force, eight years before his first election. He received the title again in 1959 while in office. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first chosen US president and is the only person to have received the title three times, first as president-elect (1932) and later as the incumbent president (1934 and 1941). Below is a list of all countries' heads of state or government to have been chosen as Man, Woman, or Person of the Year (arranged in chronological order by country name, from the most frequently selected).

NotesWinston Churchill was chosen a second time for the special "Man of the Half-Century" edition in 1949 while serving as Leader of the Opposition before his second premiership; Charles de Gaulle was chosen while being elected President of France before formally taking office; Lech Wałęsa and Nelson Mandela were chosen before being elected President of Poland and President of South Africa, respectively.

Women

Antes de 1999, cuatro mujeres recibieron el título a título individual: tres como "Mujer del Año" ( Wallis Simpson , 1936; la reina Isabel II , 1952; y Corazón Aquino , 1986); y una como mitad del premio "Hombre y Mujer del Año", Soong Mei-ling (junto con Chiang Kai-shek ) en 1937. [ 6 ] Las "Mujeres Americanas" fueron reconocidas como grupo en 1975. Otras categorías de personas reconocidas incluyen tanto a hombres como a mujeres, como " Luchadores por la Libertad Húngaros " (1956), "Científicos Estadounidenses" (1960), " Los Herederos " (1966), " Los Estadounidenses de Media " (1969), "El Soldado Estadounidense" (1950 y 2003), " Tú " (2006), "El Manifestante" (2011) y " Luchadores contra el Ébola " (2014). Sin embargo, el título de la revista siguió siendo "Hombre del Año" tanto para la edición de 1956 "Luchador por la Libertad Húngara" como para la de 1966 "Veinticinco o Menos", en las que aparecía una mujer detrás de un hombre, y "Hombres del Año" para la edición de 1960 "Científicos Estadounidenses", cuya portada presentaba exclusivamente a hombres. No fue hasta la edición de 1969 sobre "Los Estadounidenses de Mediana Edad" que el título adoptó "Hombre y Mujer del Año".

In 1999, the title was changed to the gender-neutral "Person of the Year" (its first recipient under the new name being Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com).[7] Women who have been selected for recognition after the renaming include "The Whistleblowers" (Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins) in 2002; Melinda Gates (jointly with Bill Gates and Bono) in 2005; Angela Merkel (2015); "The Silence Breakers" (2017); Greta Thunberg (2019); Kamala Harris (jointly with Joe Biden) in 2020; Taylor Swift (2023); and "The Architects of AI" (among whom Fei-Fei Li and Lisa Su) in 2025. To celebrate International Women's Day in 2020, Time editors released 89 new magazine covers, each showing women, in addition to the 11 already chosen, as counterparts to the Man of the Year choices from the past century.[8] Since 2022, Time has awarded a separate "Women of the Year" title to a number of women each year, in a similar fashion to Time 100.[9]

Groups and non-humans

Despite the name, the title is not just granted to individuals. Pairs of people such as married couples and political opponents, classes of people, and inanimate objects have all been selected for the special year-end issue.

Multiple named people

Classes of unnamed people

Inanimate objects

  • The Computer (Machine of the Year, 1982)
  • The Endangered Earth (Planet of the Year, 1988)

Abstract concepts

Special editions

In 1949, Winston Churchill was named Man of the Half-Century,[10] and the last issue of 1989 named Mikhail Gorbachev as "Man of the Decade".[11] The December 31, 1999 issue of Time named Albert Einstein the "Person of the Century".[12] Both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up.[13] Aside from Einstein, the December 31 edition also named Persons of the Century for every century of the 2nd millennium: William the Conqueror for the 11th century, Saladin for the 12th century, Genghis Khan for the 13th century, Giotto for the 14th century, Johannes Gutenberg for the 15th century, Elizabeth I for the 16th century, Isaac Newton for the 17th century, Thomas Jefferson for the 18th century, and Thomas Edison for the 19th century.[14]

Controversial choices

Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor and spoken of as an award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people.[15]Time observes that controversial figures such as Adolf Hitler (1938), Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942), Nikita Khrushchev (1957), and Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) have also been granted the title for their impact on events.[16] Nevertheless, as a result of the cancellation of subscriptions from the American audience for naming Khomeini Man of the Year in 1979, following the Iran hostage crisis, the magazine's editors have since shied away from using figures who are controversial in the United States, fearing reductions in sales or advertising revenue.[17]

Time's Person of the Year for 2001, immediately following the September 11 attacks, was Rudy Giuliani, who was mayor of New York City at the time of the attacks.[18] The stated rules of selection—the individual or group of individuals who have had the bigger influence on the year's events—made Osama bin Laden the more likely choice that year; however, Giuliani was selected for symbolizing the American response to the attacks, in the same way that Albert Einstein was selected Person of the Century for representing a century of scientific exploration and wonder instead of Adolf Hitler, who was arguably a stronger candidate.[19]

Withdrawn and alleged selections

In 1941, the fictional elephant Dumbo from Walt Disney's animated film of the same name was selected to be "Mammal of the Year", and a cover was created showing the title character in a formal portrait style. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 pre-empted the cover. The U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt was named Man of the Year for a record third time, although Dumbo's Mammal of the Year profile still appeared on the inside pages of the magazine.[20]

Filmmaker Michael Moore claims that director Mel Gibson cost him the opportunity to be Person of the Year alongside Gibson in 2004. Moore's controversial political documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 became the highest-grossing documentary of all time the same year Gibson's The Passion of the Christ became a box-office success and also caused significant controversy. Moore said in an interview "I got a call right after the '04 election from an editor from Time Magazine. He said,' Time Magazine has picked you and Mel Gibson to be Time's Person of the Year to put on the cover, Right and Left, Mel and Mike. The only thing you have to do is pose for a picture with each other. And do an interview together.' I said 'OK.' They call Mel up, he agrees. They set the date and time in LA. I'm to fly there. He's flying from Australia. Something happens when he gets home ... Next thing, Mel calls up and says, 'I'm not doing it. I've thought it over and it is not the right thing to do.' So they put Bush on the cover."[21]

U.S. president Donald Trump claimed on Twitter in November 2017 that Time editors had told him he would "probably" be named Person of the Year for a second time, conditional on an interview and photo shoot, which he had refused. Time denied that they had made any such promises or conditions to Trump, who was named a runner-up.[22]

Person(s) of the Year

Other categories

Every year, in addition to the main Person of the Year, Time (sometimes alongside a partner company) acknowledges impactful people or groups in other categories. This is a relatively recent practice, beginning in 1998 when Mark McGwire was awarded the title of Hero of the Year and becoming a regular event in 2018 with the re-introduction of the Heroes of the Year award. Heroes of the Year was joined by Athlete of the Year, CEO of the Year, Entertainer of the Year and Guardians of the Year in 2019, Kid of the Year in 2020, Breakthrough of the Year, Dreamer of the Year, Icon of the Year and Innovator of the Year in 2022, Team of the Year in 2023 and Community of the Year in 2024. In line with the introduction of these new categories, Time has expanded their annual Person of the Year private event to include and celebrate their recipients. The event, titled A Year in TIME beginning in 2023, has been held at Plaza Hotel since 2022.[147][148]A Year in TIME typically features interviews, speeches and performances from some of the categories' winners, as well as winners of other Time awards. Some of these are then posted to Time's official YouTube channel.

Athlete of the Year

Athlete of the Year was awarded in partnership with Oura Health in 2021,[149] and with LG in 2022.[150]

Breakthrough of the Year

In 2022, this selection was called Breakthrough Artist of the Year.

CEO of the Year

In 2019 and 2020, this selection was called Businessperson of the Year.

Community of the Year

Community of the Year is awarded in partnership with Land O'Lakes.

Dreamer of the Year

Dreamer of the Year is awarded in partnership with American Family Insurance.

Entertainer of the Year

In 2022, Entertainer of the Year was awarded in partnership with Montblanc.[169]

Guardians of the Year

In 2020, Guardians of the Year was awarded in partnership with Amazon.[174]

Hero(es) of the Year

In 2020, Heroes of the Year was awarded in partnership with State Farm.[177]

Icon of the Year

Innovator of the Year

Kid of the Year

In 2020 and 2021, Kid of the Year was awarded in partnership with Nickelodeon.

Team of the Year

Team of the Year is awarded in partnership with Smartsheet.

Online poll

From 2010 to 2022, Time held an annual online poll for the readers to vote for who they believed to be the Person of the Year. While many mistakenly believed the winner of the poll to be the Person of the Year, the title, as mentioned above, is decided by the editors of Time.[207]

An online reader's choice poll was also held in 1998, with professional wrestler Mick Foley and murdered college student Matthew Shepard as the top vote-getters, although the final result is unknown.[221][75]

See also

References

  1. ↑Gray, Eliza (June 26, 2015). "Inside the Love Story That Changed the Gay Marriage Battle". Time. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
  2. ↑Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration (Special Collector's ed.). New York: Time Books. 2002. OCLC 52817840.
  3. ↑"Here's Who Won Time's 2019 Person of the Year Reader Poll". Time. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  4. 12345Rothman, Lily (2023). Jacobs, Sam; Rothman, Lily; Benedict, Julie Blume; Cassidy, Catherine (eds.). "How Person of the Year Came to Be". Time. pp. 1–2.
  5. ↑Time (2002), "Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration", p. 1.
  6. 12Levenstein, Joan (December 16, 2006). "Mme Chiang Kai-Shek: 1937". Time. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  7. ↑Rothman, Lilly (December 5, 2017). "Here's the History of Time's Person of the Year Franchise". Time. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  8. ↑"100 Women of the Year". Time. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  9. ↑"Women of the Year". Time. Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  10. ↑"Through War & Peace". Time. January 2, 1950. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  11. ↑Morrow, Lance (January 1, 1990). "Gorbachev: The Unlikely Patron Of Change". Time. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  12. ↑Golden, Frederic (January 3, 2000). "Person of the Century: Albert Einstein". Time. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
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