
Valley Pike o Valley Turnpike es el nombre tradicional que se le da al sendero y camino indígena que ahora se aproxima a la Ruta 11 de los Estados Unidos en el valle de Shenandoah de Virginia . [ 1 ]
Mucho antes de la llegada de los colonos ingleses, los nativos americanos de las tribus Delaware y Catawba utilizaban este fértil sendero como ruta migratoria y zona de caza, desplazándose entre lo que hoy es Georgia y Canadá . A partir de la década de 1730, inmigrantes escoceses-irlandeses y alemanes procedentes de Pensilvania comenzaron a remontar el valle y a establecer asentamientos (en este contexto, "remontar el valle" se refiere al desplazamiento hacia zonas de mayor altitud y apunta hacia el sur). Como resultado del Tratado de Lancaster , a los iroqueses se les prometió un sendero señalizado que recorría el valle, el cual fue trazado en 1745 por James Patton y John Buchanan . Inicialmente llamado "Camino Indio", más tarde se conoció como " Gran Camino de Carretas ".

El 3 de marzo de 1834, la Valley Turnpike Company fue constituida por una ley de la Asamblea General de Virginia , y el estado participó en la iniciativa público-privada a través de la Junta de Obras Públicas de Virginia con una inversión del 40% para construir 68 millas (109 km) entre Winchester y Harrisonburg . Otra compañía construyó una carretera similar desde Harrisonburg hasta Staunton , y ambas se fusionaron. La nueva carretera combinada, conocida entonces como la "Valley Pike", fue mejorada significativamente y se cobraron peajes para el mantenimiento de sus 93 millas (150 km) de longitud. Un informe oficial del general P. H. Sheridan, publicado en julio de 1866, describía la Valley Pike de la siguiente manera: "La ciudad de Martinsburg... está en el ferrocarril Baltimore and Ohio, en el extremo norte de la Valley Pike, una amplia carretera macadamizada que recorre el valle, pasa por Winchester y termina en Staunton". [ 2 ]

During the American Civil War, the Valley Pike was a key transportation link in both Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862 and the Valley Campaigns of 1864. The macadamized road enabled fast movement of heavy wagon trains and gun carriages even during rainy weather, when dirt roads turned into mud. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson marched his infantry soldiers—nicknamed foot cavalry—up and down the Valley and through various mountain gaps, such as Swift Run Gap and Thornton Gap, and make sudden appearances in front of Union troops in the Piedmont region on the east side of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
In 1918, The Valley Turnpike Company, which had been managed by a young Harry Flood Byrd, allowed the Valley Turnpike to be one of the first roads taken over by the state. It was designated as part of State Route 3, one of the routes of the state highway system managed by the State Highway Commission.
The Valley Turnpike was given the U.S. Route 11 designation in 1926, and remained the major north–south highway thoroughfare for the Shenandoah Valley until Interstate 81 was built beginning in the 1960s. Today, the road carries much local traffic, and provides an alternative to the busy Interstate Highway.
A section of the original Valley Pike runs parallel to U.S. Route 11 in Rockbridge County, 1 mile north of Lexington.
See also
- Winchester and Martinsburg Turnpike, Winchester north to Martinsburg
- Junction Valley Turnpike, Staunton south to Buchanan
- Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike, Staunton west to Parkersburg on the Ohio River
References
- Winchester Star Millennium Legacy article "The Road Most Traveled Drove Economy, Heritage" January 1, 2000
- Virginia Highways Project website
- Roads to the Future Scott Kozel's detailed Highway and Transportation History website with lots of information and maps of Virginia's highway system
- The Valley Turnpike an historical article by Don Silvius
- Virginia Places website about Virginia's Geography
Notes
- Historic trails and roads in Virginia
- Turnpikes in Virginia
- Transportation in Botetourt County, Virginia
- Transportation in Rockbridge County, Virginia
- Transportation in Lexington, Virginia
- Transportation in Augusta County, Virginia
- Transportation in Staunton, Virginia
- Transportation in Rockingham County, Virginia
- Transportation in Harrisonburg, Virginia
- Transportation in Shenandoah County, Virginia
- Transportation in Warren County, Virginia
- Transportation in Frederick County, Virginia
- Transportation in Winchester, Virginia
- Transportation in Stephens City, Virginia
- U.S. Route 11