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meteorito de Ensisheim

{{cite journal|last1=McSween, Jr.|first1=Harry Y.|first2=Marvin E.|last2=Bennett III|first3=Eugene|last3=Jarosewich|title=The Mineralogy of Ordinary Chondrites and Implications ...

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El meteorito de Ensisheim es un meteorito rocoso que cayó el 7 de noviembre de 1492 en un campo de trigo a las afueras de la ciudad amurallada de Ensisheim , en la entonces Alsacia , Alemania (actualmente Francia). El meteorito aún se puede ver en el museo de Ensisheim, el Museo de la Regencia, del siglo XVI. Es el meteorito rocoso europeo más antiguo del que se conserva material.

Composición

El meteorito es una condrita ordinaria LL6 , con un peso de 127 kilogramos (280 lb) ; se describió como de forma triangular y creó un agujero de 1 m (3,3 pies) de profundidad al impactar. [ 2 ]   

Respuesta contemporánea

Una copia del texto original de Brant con una imagen estilizada de la caída del meteorito de Ensisheim.

La caída del meteorito a través de la atmósfera terrestre se observó como una bola de fuego a una distancia de hasta 150 kilómetros (93 millas) del lugar donde finalmente impactó. Los residentes de la ciudad amurallada y de las granjas y aldeas cercanas se reunieron en el lugar para extraer el meteorito de su cráter de impacto y comenzaron a retirar fragmentos del mismo. Un magistrado local intervino en la destrucción de la piedra para preservar el objeto para el rey Maximiliano , hijo del emperador reinante del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, Federico III . Un fragmento del meteorito fue enviado al cardenal Piccolomini (más tarde papa Pío III ) en el Vaticano junto con varios versos relacionados escritos por Sebastián Brant . [ 3 ] 

King Maximilian, who was on his way to a campaign against France, ordered for it to be preserved at the local church, "suspended by a chain". He and his advisors decided that the meteorite was a good omen. It was subsequently utilized for propaganda against France. One reason for the quick spreading of the story throughout Europe was the loud volume of the meteorite impact (contemporaries reportedly heard the sound at least 100 miles (160 km) away). Another reason was the use of broadsheets with dramatic pictures under the direction of the poet Sebastian Brandt (1458–1521).[4][5][6] Brandt, a satirist and author of Das Narrenschiff described the meteorite and its fall in the poem "Loose Leaves Concerning the Fall of the Meteorite".[3] The fall is also described in Folio 257 of the Nuremberg Chronicle.[7] Brandt created broadsheets in Latin and German with a poem describing it as an omen for the king's success in battles against France.[7]

Two months later, Maximilian defeated a far larger French army than his own at the Battle of Senlis, which prompted Brandt to produce another broadsheet reminding the readers about his prediction. In 1493, he wrote another broadsheet. By this time, the French were no longer a threat (because Maximilian had just signed the Treaty of Senlis with them), so Brandt directed his readers' attention towards the Turks.[4]

The German artist Albrecht Dürer possibly sketched his observation of the meteorite's fall on the reverse of his painting St. Jerome in the Wilderness.[8]

Fate

The meteorite stayed in the Ensisheim church, except during the great French Revolution, when as described by Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs it was "dragged to the Colmar, the capital of the Province, and considerably reduced in weight". On January 23, 1896 it weighed 54.8 kilo or 111 lbs.[9] Nine kilogrammes were sent to Paris, and as of 1905 were in the great Museum of Natural History of the Botanical Garden.[9]

Today the meteorite can still be seen in Ensisheim's museum, the sixteenth-century Musée de la Régence.[10]

References

  1. ↑McSween, Jr., Harry Y.; Bennett III, Marvin E.; Jarosewich, Eugene (1991). "The Mineralogy of Ordinary Chondrites and Implications for Asteroid Spectrophotometry". Icarus. 90 (1): 107–116. Bibcode:1991Icar...90..107M. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90072-2.
  2. 12McSween, Harry Y. (1999). Meteorites and Their Parent Planets (2nd ed.). Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58303-9.
  3. 12A Contemporary Account of the Ensisheim Meteorite, 1492 Rowland, I. D. (1990), Meteoritics, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 19.
  4. 12Hayton, Darin (2015). The Crown and the Cosmos: Astrology and the Politics of Maximilian I. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-8229-8113-8. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  5. ↑Reich, Aaron. "Meteor impacts Ensisheim 529 years ago in oldest recorded impact". The Jerusalem Post. ISSN 0792-822X. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  6. ↑Golia, Maria (2015). Meteorite: Nature and Culture. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-547-9. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  7. 12Marvin, Ursula B. (1992). "The meteorite of Ensisheim: 1492 to 1992". Meteoritics. 27 (1): 28–72. Bibcode:1992Metic..27...28M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1992.tb01056.x. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  8. ↑"Les Météorites". astrosurf.com (in French). Retrieved 1 March 2025.
  9. 12Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (1905). The Amana Meteorites of February 12, 1875. C. G. Hinrichs. p. 38.
  10. ↑"Musée de la Régence". Ville d'Ensisheim (in French). nd. Retrieved 2025-02-22.
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