Articulo de referencia

Lista de verdugos

Esta es una lista de personas que han actuado como verdugos oficiales . Argelia Argel Monsieur d'Alger: Los verdugos de la República Francesa En 1870, la República de Francia ab...

Esta es una lista de personas que han actuado como verdugos oficiales .

Argelia

Argel

Monsieur d'Alger: Los verdugos de la República Francesa

En 1870, la República de Francia abolió a todos los verdugos locales y nombró al verdugo de Argel, Antoine Rasseneux, Éxécuteur des Arrêts Criminels en Algérie, que se convirtió en la denominación oficial de Francia para el verdugo de la ocupación argelina. A partir de entonces, solo habría un verdugo encargado de ejecutar las sentencias de muerte en toda Argelia. Dado que el verdugo de la colonia debía residir en Argel, pronto se le empezó a llamar «Le Monsieur d'Alger» («El hombre de Argel»). Tras su nombramiento, Rasseneux pudo elegir a cuatro de entre los antiguos verdugos locales de Francia y Argelia para que fueran sus ayudantes.

Australia

Austria

Salón en el Tirol

Merán

Salsburgo

Steyr

Viena

Bélgica

Brasil

Después de 1808, durante el Reino Portugués-Brasileño (1808-1822) y el Imperio (1822-1889), cuando los estados de Brasil todavía se llamaban " provincias " y la moneda se llamaba "reis", Brasil había abolido de hecho la tortura, pero era un país donde se aplicaba con frecuencia la pena de muerte . El método de ejecución era el ahorcamiento público mediante una caída ultracorta de aproximadamente 90 cm (2' 9 1 1/2"), en la que el verdugo, tras activar la trampilla o empujar al condenado, según la estructura de la horca, subía por una escalera y se lanzaba hacia abajo con la cuerda, golpeando los hombros del condenado con su peso. Los verdugos generalmente eran seleccionados entre los condenados por delitos capitales cuyas sentencias de muerte habían sido suspendidas indefinidamente o incluso conmutadas por cadena perpetua sin libertad condicional, y que, a cambio de dichas suspensiones o conmutaciones, debían llevar a cabo las ejecuciones ordenadas por la ley. Siempre que era posible, los verdugos eran seleccionados entre los esclavos condenados por un delito capital. Y, excepto en la provincia de Rio Grande do Norte , los verdugos debían ser obligatoriamente de ascendencia africana. Como condenados con sentencia suspendida o conmutada, los verdugos vivían como reclusos en las prisiones de las respectivas ciudades donde estaban destinados. Cuando se debía llevar a cabo una ejecución en otro lugar de su área, el verdugo era transportado al lugar. de ejecución encadenada y dormida en la prisión local; después de un intento de asesinato contra Fortunato José en 1834, las prisiones comenzaron a separar a los verdugos de los demás reclusos. En la provincia de Rio Grande do Norte , el verdugo siempre debía ser el convicto programado para morir después de una ejecución, por lo que la última ejecución en esa provincia tuvo que ser llevada a cabo por un pelotón de fusilamiento, después del necesario cambio de emergencia del protocolo de ejecución. En el estado de Río de Janeiro , después de la Independencia el 7 de septiembre de 1822, también hubo verdugos libres de ascendencia africana que, al tener que viajar, eran contactados por mensajeros con las órdenes de ejecución. Los verdugos, incluso cuando eran esclavos, recibían un pago por sus ejecuciones; por ejemplo, en la provincia de Minas Gerais , podemos establecer que el pago era de entre 4.000 y 12.000 dólares (4.000 a 12.000 reales) por ejecución. La última ejecución de un convicto libre en Brasil fue la de José Pereira de Sousa el 30 de octubre de 1861 en Santa Luzia. (actualmente Luziânia ), GO . La última ejecución bajo la ley en Brasil. fue la del esclavo Francisco el 28 de abril de 1876 en Pilar , AL . Brasil abolió la pena capital oficialmente con la Proclamación de la República el 15 de noviembre de 1889, y por ley con su primera Constitución republicana de 1891 y el Código Penal del 22 de septiembre de 1892.

Bahía

el Salvador

Feira de Santana

Ceará

Fortaleza

Crato

Sobral

Minas Gerais

Ouro Preto

São João del Rei

Paraná

Curitiba

Pernambuco

Recife

Caruaru

Río de Janeiro

Río de Janeiro

Río Grande do Sul

Porto Alegre

Canadá

Porcelana

Reino de Bohemia / Checoslovaquia (actualmente República Checa)

Dinamarca

Egipto

Francia

Alsacia

Bajo Rin (67)

Andlau
Benfeld
Bernardswiller

ver: Andlau

Bischwiller
Bouquenom

Ver: Sarre-Unión

Bouxwiller
Brumath
Châtenois
Dambach-la-Ville
Diemeringen
Elsenheim

Ver: Ohnenheim

Figura de Epfig
Erstein

ver: Epfig

Fleckenstein (Lembach)

Ver: Memmelshoffen

Asqueroso
Geispolsheim
Goersdorf
Gougenheim
Gumbrechtshoffen

Ver: Gundershoffen

Gundershoffen
Haguenau
Herrlisheim
Hochfelden
Ingwiller
La Petite-Pierre
Lalaye
Lauterburgo
Maisonsgoute
Marckolsheim
Marmoutier
Memmelshoffen
Molsheim
Mommenheim
Nordhouse
Obernai
Ohnenheim
Otterswiller

ver: Saverne

Petersbach

Ver: La Petite-Pierre

Reichshoffen

Ver: Gundershoffen

Reutenburgo
Riedheim

Ver: Bouxwiller

Unión Sarre
Saverne
Schopperten

Ver: Sarre-Unión

Sélestat
Estrasburgo
Surburgo
Villa
Wasselonne
Westhoffen

Ver: Wasselonne

Weyersheim
Wissembourg

Alto Rin (68)

Altkirch
Biesheim
Colmar
Ensisheim
Hurón
Landser
Masevaux
Morschwiller-le-Bas

Ver: Mulhouse

Mulhouse
Ribeauvillé
Rouffach
Santa María de las Minas

Ver: Ribeauvillé

Thann
Traubach (Traubach-le-Bas y Traubach-le-Haut)
Vieux-Thann

ver: Thann

Zimmerbach

Aquitania

Dordogne (24)

Périgueux

Gironda (33)

Burdeos

Landes (40)

Dax

Lot-et-Garonne (47)

Agente

Pirineos Atlánticos (64)

Bayona
Pau

Auvernia

Allier (03)

Moulins

Cantal (15)

Aurillac
Saint-Flour

Alto Loira (43)

Le Puy-en-Velay

Puy-de-Dôme (63)

Clermont-Ferrand (antigua Clermont-d'Auvergne)
Río

Baja Normandía

Calvados (14)

Bayeux
Caen
Falaise
Lisieux
Orbec
Pont-l'Évêque
Vire

Manche (50)

Avranches
Coutances
Saint-Lô

Orne (61)

Alençon
Bellême

Mortagne-au-Perche

Mortagne-au-Perche

Borgoña

Côte-d'Or (21)

Beaune
Dijon
Semur-en-Auxois

Nièvre (58)

Nunca

Saône-et-Loire (71)

Autun
Châlon-sur-Saône
Mâcon

Yonne (89)

Auxerre
Sens

Bretagne

Côtes-d'Armor (22; Côtes-du-Nord before 1990)

Saint-Brieuc

Finistère (29)

Quimper

Ille-et-Vilaine (35)

Rennes

Morbihan (56)

Vannes

Centre-Val de Loire (Centre before 2015)

Cher (18)

Bourges
Vierzon

Eure-et-Loir (28)

Bonneval
Chartres
Châteaudun

Indre (36)

Châteauroux
Issoudun

Indre-et-Loire (37)

Amboise
Chinon
L'Île-Bouchard

see: Chinon

Loches
Tours

Loir-et-Cher (41)

Blois
Romorantin-Lanthenay
Vendôme

Loiret (45)

Gien
Montargis
Orléans

Champagne-Ardenne

Ardennes (08)

Sedan

Aube (10)

Troyes

Marne (51)

Châlons-en-Champagne
Chatillon-sur-Marne
Épernay
Reims
Vitry-le-François

Haute-Marne (52)

Bourmont
Chaumont
Langres

Corse

With a four-year delay in 1875 also Corsica was integrated into the area of the executioner of the republic's activity; see: Monsieur de Paris For the different department numbers, before 1976 Corsica used to be one department only and was codenumbered with 20 by then.

Corse-du-Sud (2A)

Ajaccio

Haute-Corse (2B)

Bastia

Franche-Comté

Doubs (25)

Besançon
Blamont
Montbéliard

Jura (39)

Dole
Lons-le-Saunier

Haute-Saône (70)

Vesoul

Territoire de Belfort (90)

Belfort
Faverois
Grandvillars
Montreux

Haute-Normandie

Eure (27)

Évreux
Gisors
Pont-Audemer

Seine-Maritime (76)

Caudebec-en-Caux
Dièppe
Rouen

Île-de-France

Paris (75)

Prévoté de l'Hôtel du Roi
Prévoté de Paris

Seine-et-Marne (77)

Meaux
Melun
Provins

Yvelines (78)

Mantes
Meulan

see: Mantes

Montfort-l'Amaury
Versailles (Prévoté de l'Hôtel du Roi)
Prévôté de Versailles

Essonne (91)

Dourdan

see: Étampes

Étampes
La Ferté-Alais

see: Étampes

Hauts-de-Seine 92

No local executioner known so far

Seine-Saint-Denis (93)

No local executioner known so far

Val-de-Marne (94)

No local executioner known so far

Val-d'Oise (95)

Pontoise

Languedoc-Roussillon

Aude (11)

Carcassonne
Castelnaudary
Limoux
Narbonne

Gard (30)

Nîmes

Hérault (34)

Montpellier

Lozère (48)

Mende

Pyrénées-Orientales (66)

Perpignan

Limousin

Corrèze (19)

Brive-la-Gaillarde
Tulle

Creuse (23)

Guéret

Haute-Vienne 87

Limoges

Lorraine

Meurthe-et-Moselle (54)

Baccarat
Badonviller
Bauzemont
Bayon
Blâmont
Briey
Conflans-en-Jarnisy
Deneuvre

see: Baccarat

Domjevin

see: Bauzemont

Einville-au-Jard
Foug
Gerbéviller
Haraucourt

see: Einville-au-Jard

Harbouey

see: Blâmont

Longuyon
Longwy
Lunéville
Nancy
Nomény

see: Pont-à-Mousson

Norroy-le-Sec
Pont-à-Mousson
Réchicourt-la-Petite

see: Blâmont

Saint-Clément

see: Baccarat

Saint-Nicolas-de-Port
Sancy
Thézey-Saint-Martin

see: Delme at Moselle (57)

Thiaucourt (Thiaucourt-Regniéville)

see: Pont-à-Mousson

Toul
Ville-sur-Yron

see: Conflans-en-Jarnisy

Villers-la-Montagne

Meuse (55)

Arrancy-sur-Crusne

see: Longuyon at Meurthe-et-Moselle (54)

Avioth
Bar-le-Duc
Billy-sous-Mangiennes
Commercy
Damvillers
Étain
Fresnes-en-Woëvre
Herméville-en-Woëvre
Marville
Montmédy
Saint-Mihiel
Verdun

Moselle (57)

Ancerville
Angevillers
Ay-sur-Moselle

see: Buding

Bambiderstroff

see: Courcelles-sur-Nied

Béchy
Beux

see: Béchy

Bitche

see: Schorbach

Boulay
Buding
Budling

see: Buding

Château-Salins
Château-Voué

see: Dieuze

Courcelles-Chaussy
Courcelles-sur-Nied
Delme
Dieuze
Ébersviller

see: Hombourg-Budange

Elzange

see: Rodemack

Faulquemont
Fénétrange

see: Niederstinzel

Filstroff
Forbach
Freistroff
Gorze
Grostenquin
Hérange
Hombourg-Budange
Insming
Jallaucourt
Kédange-sur-Canner
Kirsch-lès-Sierck
Lixheim
Longeville-lès-Saint-Avold
Lorquin
Louvigny
Lutzelbourg
Metz
Montenach
Morhange
Niederstinzel
Phalsbourg
Porcelette
Prévocourt
Puttelange-aux-Lacs
Rodemack
Saint-Avold
Sarralbe
Sarrebourg
Sarreguemines
Schorbach
Sierck-les-Bains
Thionville
Tincry
Tragny
Vatimont
Vic-sur-Seille

Vosges (88)

Bruyères
Charmes
Châtel-sur-Moselle
Châtenois
Darney
Dompaire
Épinal
La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois
Mirecourt
Neufchâteau
Rambervillers
Remiremont
Saint-Dié
Saint-Nabord

Midi-Pyrénées

Ariège (09)

Foix

Aveyron (12)

Rodez

Haute-Garonne (31)

Toulouse

Gers (32)

Auch
Lectoure

Lot (46)

Cahors

Hautes-Pyrénées (65)

Tarbes

Tarn (81)

Albi

Tarn-et-Garonne (82)

Montauban

Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Nord (59)

Cambrai
Douai
Lille
Maubeuge
Valenciennes

Pas-de-Calais (62)

Arras
Boulogne
Calais
Saint-Omer

Pays de la Loire

Loire-Atlantique (44; before 1957 Loire Inférieure)

Nantes

Maine-et-Loire (49)

Angers
Saumur

Mayenne (53)

Château-Gontier
Laval

Sarthe (72)

La Flèche
Le Mans

Vendée (85)

Fontenay-le-Comte

Picardie

Aisne (02)

Laon
Soissons

Oise (60)

Beauvais
Clermont

(former Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, also called Clermont-en-France)

Compiègne
Crépy-en-Valois
Noyon
Senlis

Somme (80)

Amiens

Poitou-Charentes

Charente (16)

Angoulême

Charente-Maritime (17)

La Rochelle
Rochefort
Saintes

Deux-Sèvres (79)

Niort
Saint-Maixent-l'École
Thouars

Vienne (86)

Civray
Loudun
Poitiers

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (04)

Digne

Hautes-Alpes (05)

Gap

Alpes-Maritimes (06)

Nice

Bouches-du-Rhône (13)

Aix-en-Provence

Var (83)

Draguignan

Vaucluse (84)

Carpentras

Rhône-Alpes

Ain (01)

Bourg-en-Bresse

Ardèche (07)

Privas

Drôme (26)

Valence

Isère (38)

Grenoble

Loire (42)

Feurs
Montbrison

Rhône (69)

Lyon

Savoie (73)

Chambéry

Haute-Savoie (74)

Monsieur de Paris: The Executioners of the French Republic

In 1870 the Republic of France abolished all local executioners and named the executioner of Paris, Jean-François Heidenreich, Exécuteur des Arrêts Criminels, which became France's official description of the executioner's occupation. From then on, there would be only one executioner to carry out death sentences for all of France except Corsica, which would follow in 1875. As the Republic's executioner was required to live in Paris, people soon started to refer to him as "Monsieur de Paris", "The Mister from Paris". At the occasion of his nomination, Heidenreich could choose four among France's former local executioners to be his aides.

Les Territoires Outre-Mer

Wallis-et-Futuna (986)

Polynésie française (987)

Nouvelle-Calédonie (988)

Île de Clipperton (989)

French Guiana

Monsieur de Cayenne: The Executioners of the French Republic

Cayenne Central Prison never used its own guillotine. All death sentences of convicts and locally condemned prisoners were conducted at Saint-Laurent.

Monsieur de Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni|Saint-Laurent: The Executioners of the Bagne

All executioners of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni were Bagne inmates themselves.

Germany

Pre-Germany Executioners

Local Executioners (1276 to between 1848 and 1871)

Ansbach

Augsburg

Babenhausen

Bamberg

Berlin

Bernau

Biberach

Bitterfeld

Borna

Bötzow, Oranienburg

Braunschweig

Bremen

Brüx

Burgau

Burglengenfeld

Celle

Cologne

Dillingen

Dinkelsbühl

Donauwörth

Dresden

Dühnen

Eger

Frankenstein

Frankfurt am Main

Freiberg/Sachsen

Füssen

Görlitz

Günzburg

Haigerloch

Halle

Hamburg

Hannover

Heidelberg

Heilbronn

Helmstedt

Hof

Holzen

Hoya

Husum

Kaufbeuren

Kempten

Kiel

Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia)

Landeck, Silesia (now in Poland

Lauingen

Leipzig

Lentzen

Lindau

Markt Oberdorf

Memmingen

Munich

Nördlingen

Nuremberg

Ohlau

Öttingen

Passau

Pfaffenhausen

Regensburg

Sangershausen

Schönegg

Schongau

Schrobenhausen

Schwabmünchen

Siegburg

Sonthofen

Sponheim

Stuttgart

Thann in Bavaria

Torgau

Ulm

Waal

Wassertüdingen

Weißenhorn

Wittstock

Hans? 1537

Wrietzen

State Executioners (from 1848 and 1871 to 1936/37)

Baden

Bavaria

Bremen

Hannover

Hesse

Prussia

Saxony

Württemberg

Unknown

Executioners from 1936/37 to 1945

Concentration camp executioners (from 1938 to 1945)

Buchenwald

Westerbork

Interim executioners (from 1945 to 1949)

West Germany (1949 to 1951/53)

Except for Western Berlin where the Allied did not validate the new German constitution, West Germany had abolished capital punishment 23 May 1949. For West Berlin, the death penalty would still continue in law until 20 January 1951. Despite at least one executioner continued nominated, no death sentences or executions ordered by German courts in that period have been reported so far.

East Germany (1949 to 1987)

Occupation Executioners (from 1945 to 1992)

Germans

Americans

British

Soviet

Hungary

Until 1868 most of executors employed by one-one bigger cities (who possessed the "pallosjog " [right for execution] e. c. Buda) or travellers(gypsied) did this as temporary job(until the 18th century). Emperor Joseph II introduced a law reform. The separate legislatures of the cities will be abolished, as will the patrimonial tribunal and the "pallos jog" of the estates. Before that, bakó(executioner) belonged to the status of the county, the city, the larger estate, now five executioners will be enough throughout Hungary. Later he abolished even the capital punishment(except in the military cases)but in 1795 Emperor Franz I. reintroduced.[6]

*Schüch Pál executioner of Pest

The list of state executioners[7]

  • Kornberger, Mihály executioner (1850?–1867)[He was executioner of Buda but later became a non official executioner of the whole country in criminal but not political cases][8][9]
  • Kozarek, Ferenc state executioner( 1876–1894)
  • Bali, Mihály state executioner (1894–1925)
  • Gold, Károly state executioner (1925–1928)
  • Kozarek, Antal state executioner (1929–1932)
  • Id.(Senior) Bogár(Kovács), János state executioner (1932–1944)
  • Ifj. (Junior) Bogár, János state executioner (1944–1965?) (He executed: before 1945: some political prisoners, after 1945: Ferenc Szálasi, László Rajk, Imre Nagy and all death sentenced people between this time).
  • Pradlik, György the last state executioner (−1988)

India

Mullick family, Culcutta

Lakshman Ram family, Meerut

(son of Mammu Singh) (Meerut)

Others

Ireland

Ireland consisted of the Kingdom of Ireland between 1534 and 1800; it was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801–1922; after that it was Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State; from 1937 the southern part was the Republic of Ireland.

ISIS

Israel

Libya

Benghazi

Luxembourg

Malaysia

Netherlands

Amsterdam

Groningen

Utrecht

Zutphen

New Caledonia

Monsieur de Nouméa: The Exexcutioners of the French Republic

Monsieur de la Bagne: The Executioners of the Bagne

All executioners of New Caledonia's Bagne were inmates themselves.

New Zealand

Norway

Pakistan

In Pakistan, executioners have obligatorily to be Christians.

Papal States

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia (USSR)

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

South Africa

Cape of Good Hope

South African Republic / Transvaal (colony)

South Africa

Spain

Audiencia de Madrid

Audiencia de Barcelona

Audiencia de Burgos

Audiencia de Sevilla

Audiencia de Valladolid

Audiencia de Zaragoza

Sweden

Switzerland

Aargau

Appenzell Innerrhoden

Basel

Fribourg

Geneva

Glarus

Lucerne

Saint-Gall

Schwyz

Thurgau

Uri

Zug

Zürich

FederalExecutioner for all Swiss Death Penalty Cantons

Thailand

United Kingdom

United States

John C. Woods (1911–1950). Hangman for the Third Army in WWII. He was one of the hangmen who executed Nazi war criminals.

Joseph Malta (1918–1999) was the hangman who, with John C. Woods, executed the top 10 leaders of the Third Reich in Nuremberg on 16 October 1946, for crimes against humanity.

Phil Hanna (1873–1948) was a wealthy farmer who became a volunteer hangman for humanitarian reasons after witnessing a botched execution, and performed 70 hangings across the nation.

Alabama

Under state law, the warden of the Holman Correctional Facility (previously Kilby Prison) must serve as executioner. The deputy warden serves as an alternate should the warden be unavailable at the time. Should both be unavailable, the commissioner of the Department of Corrections appoints the executioner.[88]

Arkansas

During the first part of the 20th century, operators of the electric chair were known as "State electricians".

Colorado

Indiana

Louisiana

Massachusetts

Mississippi

Missouri

New York

Erie County

New York State Electrician

Ohio

Before Statehood

  • Sheriff John Ludlow on 15 November 1792 (today's Hamilton County)

Adams County

  • Sheriff John Ellison, Jr. on 10 December 1808

Cuyahoga County

  • Sheriff Samuel S. Baldwin and Deputy Sheriff & Coroner Levi Johnson on 26 June 1812
  • Sheriff Miller S. Spangler on 1 June 1855
  • Sheriff Felix Nicola on 9 and 10 February 1866 and 10 August 1866
  • Sheriff John Frazee on 4 or 13 February 1869 and 25 April 1872
  • Sheriff Pardon B. Smith on 29 April 1874
  • Sheriff A. P. Winslow on 22 June 1876
  • Sheriff John Wilcox on 13 February 1879

Fairfield County

  • Sheriff Daniel Kishler and Coroner John Heck on 14 October 1836

Franklin County

  • Sheriff William Domigan and Coroner A. W. Reader on 9 February 1844 (a double execution, including the first reported execution of a woman in Ohio's history)
  • Sheriff Silas W. Park and Coroner Elias Gaver on 17 December 1858

Gallia County

  • Sheriff Samuel Holcomb on 9 September 1817

Ross County

  • Sheriff Jeremiah McLene and Coroner Benjamin Urmston on 3 August 1804

Portage County

  • Sheriff Asa Burroughs on 30 November 1816

State Executioners with the Gallows

  • Warden Isaac Peetry between 1885 and 1886, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden E.G. Coffin between 1886 and 1890, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden B.F. Dyer between 1890 and 1892, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden C.C. James between 1892 and 1896, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden E.G. Coffin between 1896 and 1897, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences

State Executioners with the Electric Chair

  • Warden E.G. Coffin between 1897 and 1900, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden W.N. Darby between 1900 and 1903, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden E. A. Hershey between 1903 and 1904, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden O.B. Gould between 1904 and 1909, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden T.H.B. Jones between 1909 and 1913, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden D.E. Thomas between 1913 and 1935, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden J.C. Woodard between 1935 and 1939, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden F.D. Henderson between 1939 and 1948, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden R.W. Alvis between 1948 and 1959, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden B.C. Sacks between 1959 and 1961, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences
  • Warden E.L. Maxwell between 1961 and 1963, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

  • Zoe Himes in 1911 (a secretary of Clarion County, PA, Court House, she reportedly executed Vincent Voycheck on 1 June 1911)
  • Frank Wilson electrical industry superintendent from Pittsburgh area who served as executioner between 1939 and 1953 at Rockview Prison.[107]

South Carolina

Tench Boozer (1911–1918)[108]

Texas

  • Joe Byrd – Captain of the guard at the Walls Unit who served as executioner between 1936 and 1964.[90] The nearby prison cemetery, where unclaimed remains of executed inmates are buried by the state, is named in his honor.
  • W. James "Jim" Estelle – Director of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) between 1972 and 1983. Was designated executioner under policy developed by the TDCJ in 1976.[109] Was the individual pushing the drugs into the IV lines at the December 1982 execution of Charlie Brooks, the first inmate in the United States to be executed by lethal injection.

Virginia

West Virginia

Jefferson County

Zimbabwe and former Rhodesia

Sources

Books
  • Anderson, Patrick R.: "Expert witnesses: Criminologists in the Courtroom".|Albany: State University of New York, 1987
  • Armand, Frédéric: Les Bourreaux en France: Du Moyen-Âge à l'Abolition de la Peine de Mort. Paris (75): Éditions Perrin, 2012
  • Delarue, Jacques: Le Métier de Bourreau: Du Moyen Âge à Aujourd'hui. Paris (75): Fayard, 1979
  • Evans, Richard J.: Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany, 1600–1987. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; London: Penguin Books, 1997
  • Goulart, José Alípio: Da Palmatória ao Patíbulo: Castigos de Escravos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Conquista, 1971
  • Koch, Tankred: Die Geschichte der Henker: Scharfrichterschicksale aus acht Jahrhunderten. Heidelberg: Kriminalistikverlag, 1988; Herrsching: Manfred-Pawlak-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991
  • Lachance, André: Le Bourreau au Canada sous le Régime Français. Québec, QC: Société historique de Québec, 1966
  • Martschukat, Jürgen: Inszeniertes Töten: Eine Geschichte der Todesstrafe vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Köln: Böhlau, 2000; Hamburg: 2006
  • Nowosadtko, Jutta: Scharfrichter und Abdecker: Der Alltag zweier "unehrlicher Berufe" in der Frühen Neuzeit. Paderborn: 1994
  • Ribeiro, João Luiz: No Meio das Galinhas as Baratas Não Têm Razão: A Lei de 10 de Junho de 1835 – Os Escravos e a Pena de Morte no Império do Brasil 1822–1889. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Renovar, 2005.
  • Rossa, Kurt: Todesstrafen: Von den Anfängen bis heute. Bergisch-Gladbach: Bastei-Lübbe-Verlag, 1979
  • Streib, Victor L.: The Fairer Death: Executing Women in Ohio. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2006
  • Welsh-Huggins, Andrew: No Winners Here Tonight: Race, Politics, and Geography in One of the Country's Busiest Death Penalty States. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2009
Magazine sources
Newspaper Sources

See also

References

  1. Did not carry out any execution; officially nominated that day, he refused the "job" and persisted in his refusal, changing his mind not even when tortured to make him reconsider. The next day, 28 April 1825, two anonymous convicts of whose names have not appeared records so far, if there are any surviving somewhere, refused the "job" either and so persisted when being shown the gallows and in front of them announced they'd be hanged there later; they preferred their own hangings
  2. "Chinese executioner says job not "complicated"". Reuters. 14 November 2011.
  3. "Hexenwesen in Siegburg und in Bonn & die Schicksale der Abtei – lokalgeschichte.de" (in German). Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  4. "Hexenprozesse am Niederrhein"[Witch trials on the Lower Rhine](PDF) (in German). Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 June 2020.
  5. "Buch: Geschichte der Henker [Teil V]". 21 December 2003.
  6. "Szilágyi Sándor: A Magyar Nemzet Története".
  7. Vajna Károly: Hazai régi büntetések, II. kötet, Lőrincz János „Univers" Könyvnyomdája, Budapest, 1907, http://mek.oszk.hu/12700/12701/pdf/12701_02-2.pdf Gábor Ármin Barna: Hóhérlakok Budán és Pesten II., 2019, in: Patibulum blog, https://patibulum.blog.hu/2019/08/21/hoherlakok_budan_es_pesten_ii Tóth Rebeka: A halálbüntetés kronológiája Magyarországon, 2019, in: arsbona.hu, https://arsboni.hu/a-halalbuntetes-kronologiaja-magyarorszagon/
  8. "Schuller szolgálatának vége egybeesik az 1848–1849-es forradalom és szabadságharc bukásával. Nem tudjuk, önként vagy utasításra vonult-e nyugalomba harmincegy év után, de 1849-től új, szintén brünni származású hóhér, Both Ferenc váltotta fel őt. Mintha az elnyomó osztrák hatalom még a büntetés-végrehajtókban sem bízott volna a forradalmi időkből. Tény, hogy míg a budai oldalon Schuller korábbi segédje, a győri születésű Kornberger Mihály kizárólag köztörvényes bűncselekményért elítélteken hajtotta végre a halálbüntetést, addig Both a forradalmi cselekedeteikért halálra ítélt politikai foglyok kivégzését is vállalta. Az állami terror idején Schuller József alakja egy letűnt, reményteli korszak emlékét idézte, amikor még a hóhér vörös megkülönböztető öltözetének szabása is magyaros volt a kivégzéseken..." https://fovarosikeptar.hu/tanulj-velunk-tortenelmet-2021-9-10-evfolyam/a-forradalom-es-a-szabadsagharc/
  9. "Tanulmányok Pest megye múltjából – Pest Megye Múltjából 11. (Budapest, 2006) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana".
  10. View to a kill: Indian hangman prepares for his first execution The Guardian 18 September 2014
  11. "Marwood the Executioner – Ireland's Own".
  12. "How Ireland's only female executioner got the job". www.irishexaminer.com. 18 April 2019.
  13. "Maxime Hauchard". United Nations Security Council. United Nations. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  14. Sage, Adam (20 November 2014). "Second French killer identified from video". The Times. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  15. "Shalom Nagar, hangman of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, dies". BBC News. 28 November 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  16. Meo, Nick (6 March 2011). "'Huda the executioner' – Libya's devil in female form". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  17. "Descendance de Hans Gaspard Back". www.carnifex.lu. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  18. "Old Penang: Suzuki, the "Hippy" Executioner: October 2013". Anilnetto.com. 6 October 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  19. murmurs (29 December 2011). "murmurs: December 2011". Kharleezzubin.blogspot.com. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  20. "Saudi executioner tells all". BBC News. 5 June 2003.
  21. "MEMRI TV". MEMRI. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006.
  22. "Singapore executioner 'sacked'". BBC News Online. 28 November 2005.
  23. Levett, Connie; Butcher, Steve (30 November 2005). "Hangman ignites outrage". Melbourne: Reuters.
  24. Darshan didn't do it, The Age, 3 December 2005
  25. "Arthur X: Des Henkers Fall". Der Schweizerische Beobachter Online. 17 September 1999.
  26. เปิดภาพหาชมยาก ดาบของเพชฌฆาตคนสุดท้าย-ปืนประหารชีวิต
  27. เรื่องเล่า "ดาบ" กับ "เพชฌฆาต" และการประหารชีวิตตั้งแต่โบราณ
  28. 12Donald Rumbelow (1982). The Triple Tree: Newgate, Tyburn, and Old Bailey. Harrap. p. 176. ISBN 0245538771.
  29. Richard Grafton (1809). Grafton's chronicle, or history of England: to which is added his table of the bailiffs, sheriffs and mayors of the city of London from the year 1189, to 1558, inclusive: in two volumes. Vol. 2. Johnson. p. 463.
  30. Andrew Barrett; Christopher Harrison, eds. (1999). Crime and punishment in England: a sourcebook. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 1857288718.
  31. "A discovery of the person who beheaded King Charles I". The Scots Magazine. 1 January 1776. p. 16.
  32. Frederic George Stephens; Mary Dorothy George, eds. (1870). Catalogue of prints and drawings in the British Museum: Division I. Political and personal satires. Vol. 1. Trustees of the British Museum. p. 421.
  33. Bleakley (1929) p. 4
  34. William Thomas Lowndes (1834). The bibliographer's manual of English literature containing an account of rare, curious, and useful books, published in or relating to Great Britain and Ireland, from the invention of printing: with bibliographical and critical notices, collations of the rarer articles, and the prices at which they have been sold in the present century. W. Pickering. p. 628.
  35. "John Crossland". Chester Chronicle. 10 May 1793. p. 4.
  36. 12Bleakley (1929) p. 39
  37. Gerald Howson (1985). Thief-Taker General: Jonathan Wild and the emergence of crime and corruption as a way of life in eighteenth-century England. Transaction Publishers. pp. 132, 276. ISBN 0887380328.
  38. 12Bleakley (1929) p. 55
  39. John Brown (1820). Memoirs of George the Third, late king of Great Britain: including characters and anecdotes of the British court. H. Fisher. p. 129.
  40. Pat Rogers (1980). Hacks and dunces: Pope, Swift and Grub Street. University paperbacks. Vol. 704. Taylor & Francis. p. 92. ISBN 0416742408.
  41. Lloyd Bradley; Thomas Eaton (2005). Book of Secrets. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 138. ISBN 0740755617.
  42. "On Monday". Manchester Mercury - Tuesday 19 May 1752. p. 3.
  43. "Country News". Derby Mercury. 31 October 1746. p. 2.
  44. "Country News". Derby Mercury. 3 February 1749. p. 3.
  45. "On Thursday last". Stamford Mercury – Thursday 18 June 1767. p. 3.
  46. Timothy Vance Kaufman-Osborn (2002). From noose to needle: capital punishment and the late liberal state. Law, meaning, and violence. University of Michigan Press. p. 77. ISBN 0472088904.
  47. "Dublin". Pue's Occurrences. 6 April 1756. p. 1.
  48. "Dublin". Pue's Occurrences. 27 April 1756. p. 2.
  49. "Oxford". Oxford Journal. 26 April 1760. p. 2.
  50. "Worcester, April 30". Oxford Journal. 2 May 1767. p. 3.
  51. "Extract of a letter from Stirling". Caledonian Mercury. 9 April 1768. p. 2.
  52. "Extract of a letter from Sterling". Oxford Journal. 16 April 1768.
  53. 12Jeremy Beadle; Ian Harrison (2008). Firsts, Lasts & Onlys: Crime. Anova Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-1905798049.
  54. John Laurence (1971). A history of capital punishment: with special reference to capital punishment in Great Britain. Kennikat Press. p. 104. ISBN 0804611149.
  55. "9". The Ipswich Journal. 24 June 1780. p. 1.
  56. "Trials of the Rioters". Chester Courant – Tuesday 11 July 1780. p. 1.
  57. "Ireland". Leeds Intelligencer. 5 October 1773. p. 2.
  58. "Yesterday". Caledonian Mercury. 13 September 1775. p. 3.
  59. "Edinburgh". Caledonian Mercury – Wednesday 28 February 1776. p. 2.
  60. "On Friday". Derby Mercury. 25 July 1777. p. 4.
  61. "on the 13th". Oxford Journal. 23 November 1782. p. 1.
  62. "Keenan". Saunders's News-Letter. 18 June 1784. p. 1.
  63. "Ilchester". Hereford Journal. 18 August 1785. p. 5.
  64. Bleakley (1929) p. 135
  65. "Oxford". Reading Mercury. 5 March 1787. p. 3.
  66. "John Howes". Stamford Mercury. 10 February 1792. p. 3.
  67. "Death". Chester Chronicle – Friday 11 July 1794. p. 3.
  68. "Thursday". The Ipswich Journal. 6 February 1802. p. 3.
  69. "Sunday". The Ipswich Journal. 18 December 1802. p. 2.
  70. "Winchester". Hampshire Telegraph – Monday 26 December 1803. p. 3.
  71. "Old Ned". Manchester Mercury. 7 January 1806. p. 4.
  72. "At the Lancaster Assizes". Sun (London). 25 March 1806. p. 4.
  73. "The Dumfries Hangman". The Scots Magazine – Wednesday 1 July 1807. p. 46.
  74. "Died". Saunders's News-Letter. 18 February 1809. p. 2.
  75. "A sinecure abolished". Durham Chronicle – Friday 17 January 1834. p. 4.
  76. Bleakley (1929) p. 151
  77. Notes and Queries. 2nd ser. Vol. XI. 20 April 1861. p. 315.{{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  78. Bleakley (1929) pp. 192–202
  79. Westmorland Gazette. 18 September 1826. p. 3.{{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  80. "Ralph Fleming". Durham Chronicle. 13 May 1826. p. 4.
  81. "Ralph Fleming". Durham Chronicle. 17 January 1829. p. 3.
  82. "Escape of three prisoners". Durham Chronicle – Saturday 7 December 1839. p. 3.
  83. Chambers's encyclopaedia: a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. Vol. 4. W. & R. Chambers. 1862. p. 190.
  84. "At the High Court". Durham Chronicle. 19 November 1847. p. 6.
  85. "Execution of Patrick Reid for the murders at Mirfield". Durham Chronicle. 14 January 1848. p. 6.
  86. Kenneth Fields (1998). Lancashire magic & mystery: secrets of the Red Rose County. Sigma. p. 115. ISBN 1850586063.
  87. David James Smith (2010). Supper with the Crippens. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-1409134138.
  88. Ala. Code s. 15-18-82(c)
  89. Russell Tate (3 December 1967). "Kilby electric chair – will anyone else ride lightning?". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  90. 12"Applications for executioner posts run high". Wilmington Morning Star. 11 May 1976. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  91. United Press International (21 May 1986). "Warden Transfers to Fulfill Promise". Florence Times-Daily. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  92. "Mother Relieved After Execution". Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. 21 May 1986. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  93. Stan Bailey (4 August 2002). "Retired executioner has no regrets". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  94. Tom Gordon (14 March 2010). "After 20 executions, Grantt Culliver has a serene outlook". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  95. Michael Radelet. "History- Capital Punishment in Colorado, 1859–1972". Office of the Colorado State Public Defender. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  96. Terje Langeland (18 July 2002). "The Executioner's Song – Job is Not All That It's Cracked Up to Be". Colorado Springs Independent. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  97. "Judy Is Getting Something He Wants". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. 8 March 1981. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  98. "Will Accept $100 Less for Executions". The Boston Globe. 9 November 1914. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  99. "Mississippi: Death on Wheels". Time. 18 January 1943. Archived from the original on 14 December 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  100. "Mississippi's executioner leaves job after 30 years". The Advocate. 15 May 1987. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  101. Executions is the U.S. 1608–2002: The ESPY File Executions by State. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  102. "CBC News: Reports from abroad: Neil Macdonald". Cbc.ca. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  103. "Former state executioner dies". Associated PressWAFF. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  104. "When Grover Cleveland Acted As Hangman"(PDF). The New York Times. 7 July 1912.
  105. Gene Curtis (10 July 2007). "Only in Oklahoma: Executing criminals just another job". Tulsa World. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  106. "Executioner plugs electric chair". Lawrence Journal-World. Associated Press. 16 May 1977. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  107. "Executioner Resigns Post". Gettysburg Times. 23 May 1953. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  108. "South Carolina Develops A New Method of Execution … Again". Charleston City Paper. 14 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  109. Communications, Emmis (October 1976). Bad News on Death Row. Retrieved 15 July 2010.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

Sources

  • Bleakley, Horace (1929). The Hangmen of England: How They Hanged and Whom They Hanged, The Life Story of "Jack Ketch" through two Centuries. London: Chapman and Hall.
  • British Hangmen 1800 to 1964 by Richard Clark.
  • The English Hangmen from 1850 to 1964 by Richard Clark.
  • Histoires de Bourreaux
  • Liste des Bourreaux de France by Jean-Louis Garret.