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Lokalbahn

Electric railcar of the Murnau–Oberammergau Lokalbahn A Lokalbahn or Localbahn ("local line", plural: -en) is a secondary railway line worked by local trains serving rural areas...

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Electric railcar of the Murnau–Oberammergau Lokalbahn

A Lokalbahn or Localbahn ("local line", plural: -en) is a secondary railway line worked by local trains serving rural areas, typically in Austria and the south German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Lokalbahnen appeared at the end of the 19th century before the use of cars became widespread.

Development

Modern operations on the Pinzgauer Lokalbahn

Because the construction and operation of main line railways was not always covered by their income, simpler solutions were sought. As early as 1865 the engineering conference of the Union of German Railway Administrations (Verein Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen) had set out the principles for secondary lines. These were enshrined in law in 1878 with the Railway Act for German Railways of Secondary Importance (Bahnordnung für deutsche Eisenbahnen untergeordneter Bedeutung).

Bavaria

By the 1880s, the Bavarian main line network was largely completed and attention now turned to its expansion into the hinterland. On 21 April 1884 the first Bavarian Lokalbahn (also spelt Localbahn) law was passed. This was based on the premise that funding for land purchase and construction would be a local affair, although earthworks would be paid for by the state. However, the state would also take the profit.

To make them viable, the Lokalbahnen were to be built and operated as simply as possible. Structures too were to be simple. This led to the widespread use of standard buildings and structures; nevertheless branch lines and their stations still retained a lot of individual character based on the region and local material available for construction.

The real boom period for branch line construction in Bavaria was from 1894 to 1910, a time when more than half of all branch lines were completed. The average time to build was four years and the construction cost per kilometre worked out at about one fifth that of main lines.

The Lokalbahnen in Bavaria were built to standard gauge and, initially, an axle load of just 10 tons.

Characteristics

A Lokalbahn line typically began at a station on the main line and ran, as a branch line, to the next largest town. On the lowland plateaus of Bavaria, for example, many market towns and other towns were linked to the railway network by Lokalbahnen.

En consonancia con su estatus secundario y la simplificación de las regulaciones, se realizaron las siguientes simplificaciones para mejorar su economía en comparación con las líneas principales:

Desde la década de 1950, el creciente tráfico de autobuses y automóviles provocó el cierre de ramales ferroviarios, incluyendo numerosas líneas construidas como Lokalbahnen . Varias rutas continúan operando hoy en día como ferrocarriles históricos . En ocasiones, las líneas que aún se denominan Lokalbahnen se han modernizado para convertirse en medios de transporte público locales. En Viena , el Badner Bahn aún conserva su denominación de Lokalbahn , a pesar de ser operativamente una moderna línea de tranvía-tren .

Material rodante

Furgonetas de mercancías

Entre 1884 y 1906, se construyeron más de 250 furgones ligeros de mercancías para la Lokalbahnen . Se les denominó clase GwL y tenían plataformas abiertas en ambos extremos y puertas batientes o correderas en el centro de las paredes laterales. A ambos lados de las puertas laterales había ventanas.

trenes ligeros

Los siguientes vagones y coches estaban destinados a operar con las locomotoras ligeras de doble eje ( Motorlokomotiven ), como la Glaskasten . Los vagones se construyeron entre 1905 y 1911 y no eran aptos para el transporte militar. Tenían plataformas abiertas en los extremos con escalones tipo Lokalbahn y pasillos abiertos. Estaban equipados con un freno de tornillo en la plataforma, frenos Westinghouse, lámparas de parafina y calefacción a vapor.

Notas a pie de página

[ nota 3 ] [ nota 2 ] [ nota 1 ]

  1. 1 2 Números basados ​​en el esquema en uso desde 1893.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 No todos los números; para más detalles, consulte la hoja de diseño del vagón ( Wagenblatt ).
  3. 1 2 3 B = compartimento de cartas / P = compartimento de paquetes

Véase también

Fuentes

  • Walter Ledig, Ferdinand Ulbricht: Die Sekundär-Eisenbahnen des Königreichs Sachsen , Berlín 1887 ( Digitalisat )
  • Th. Sorge: Die Secundärbahnen in Ihrer Bedeutung und Anwendung für das Königreich Sachsen , Dresde 1875 ( Digitalisat )
  • Wolf L. Temming: Nebenbahnen: eine Epoche deutscher Eisenbahngeschichte , Transpress, Berlín 1993
  • Lokalbahnen en la enciclopedia ferroviaria de Rölls
  • Lokalbahn en el léxico para modelistas ferroviarios