The Ninewa Operational Command (NOC) is a interagency command of the Iraqi Armed Forces and Iraqi Ministry of the Interior. Up until 2014 it had its headquarters in Mosul.[1] It holds responsibility for all anti-ISIS operations in Ninewa Governorate.[2]
In January 2008, during the Ninewa Province Campaign, Iraq established the Ninewa Operational Command, to coordinate the various Iraqi Armed Forces and police operating in the region, as well as to liaise with U.S. and allied forces there. A Sunni Arab, Major General Riyadh Jalal Tawfiq, previously commander of the 9th Armoured Division, was selected to command the NOC.[3]
There had been long-running and significant disputes about the integration of Kurdish forces into the Iraqi Army. There were publicly revealed plans to establish two Iraqi Army divisions with Peshmerga, Kurdish Regional Guards, manpower. In autumn 2007 Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki ordered the establishment of two divisions with Peshmerga manpower. The 15th Division was to be established in the Kurdish Democratic Party areas of Erbil and Dohuk, and the 16th Division in the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan area in Sulaymaniyah.[4] Each was to have a strength of 14,700 (and transferring soldiers to the main Iraqi Army was planned to shield the remaining Peshmerga from painful personnel cuts.) Recruiting began in 2008 but neither division was active by 2009 (or mid-2014). The two divisions were not established and the Kurdish Peshmerga remained under their own commanders and in their own party-divided command structure.
ISIS assault 2014
During the Fall of Mosul to the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in mid-2014, the NOC was supervising the 2nd Division and the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Division. The 2nd Division,[5] along with the 4th Division and 12th Division in the Tigris Operational Command to the south all collapsed and dissolved in the face of the ISIS assault.

El 4 de junio, la policía iraquí, bajo el mando del teniente general Mahdi Al-Gharrawi , acorraló al líder militar del EIIL, Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi, cerca de Mosul, [ 6 ] en Irak. Al-Bilawi se inmoló, y Gharawi esperaba que esto impidiera un ataque. [ 7 ]
A las 2:30 de la madrugada, convoyes de camionetas del EIIL, cada una con cuatro combatientes a bordo, entraron en Mosul disparando contra los puestos de control de la ciudad. Aunque se creía que la primera línea de defensa de Mosul contaba con 2500 soldados, Al-Gharrawi afirma que "la realidad era más cercana a los 500". Señaló que, dado que todos los tanques de la ciudad estaban siendo utilizados por las fuerzas iraquíes en la gobernación de Al Anbar , la ciudad contaba con pocos recursos para combatir a los combatientes del EIIL. Los insurgentes ahorcaron, quemaron y crucificaron a algunos soldados iraquíes durante su ataque. [ 7 ]
La noche del 9 de junio, los generales Aboud Qanbar y Ali Ghaidan Majid decidieron retirarse cruzando el río, dejando al general Al-Gharrawi, comandante operativo de la gobernación de Nínive, en su puesto de mando sin órdenes. El convoy de retirada de Ghaidan y Qanbar dio la impresión de que las fuerzas de seguridad iraquíes estaban desertando [ 8 ] , por lo que los soldados del ejército iraquí comenzaron a huir de Mosul. [ 9 ] La 2.ª División (Irak) abandonó la ciudad en pocas horas, y tanto Ghaidan como Qanbar llegaron al Kurdistán al día siguiente. [ 8 ]
En la mañana del 10 de junio, Gharawi y 26 de sus hombres, que aún se encontraban en el centro de mando de operaciones en la parte occidental de la ciudad, decidieron abrirse paso a través de un puente hacia el este de Mosul. En la orilla este, incendiaron sus cinco vehículos y, tras un intenso tiroteo en el que murieron tres soldados, se desató la lucha por la supervivencia, como dijo Gharawi. En el este, Gharawi y tres de sus hombres se apoderaron de un vehículo blindado con las ruedas pinchadas y se dirigieron al norte en busca de seguridad. [ 8 ] Los militantes controlaban gran parte de la ciudad al mediodía del 10 de junio. [ 9 ] Los militantes se apoderaron de numerosas instalaciones, incluido el Aeropuerto Internacional de Mosul , que había servido como centro de operaciones para el ejército estadounidense en la región. Se creía que todas las aeronaves allí ubicadas habían sido capturadas, incluidos helicópteros y aviones de combate. Los militantes también afirmaron haber liberado al menos a 2400 prisioneros, tras tomar comisarías y prisiones en toda la ciudad. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Sin embargo, tras la toma de la prisión de Badush , cerca de Mosul, el EI separó y trasladó a los reclusos suníes, mientras que los 670 prisioneros restantes fueron ejecutados. [ 12 ] A finales del 10 de junio, se consideraba que el EI controlaba Mosul. [ 13 ]
La 3.ª División de la Policía Federal ( Policía Federal Iraquí ), bajo los auspicios del Comando Operacional de Ninewa con sede en Mosul , colapsó en la ofensiva del norte de Irak el 9 de junio. [ 14 ] Entre las unidades que también se vieron afectadas estaba la 9.ª Brigada enviada desde la 4.ª División de la Policía Federal. [ 15 ] La deficiente logística y la corrupción de los altos mandos dejaron a la brigada sin suficiente comida ni agua.
Tras la caída de Mosul
El Comando Operacional de Nínive fue disuelto en 2014, pero fue reformado en abril de 2015. [ 16 ]
Two new divisions established and sent north after 2014 to join the Ninewa Operational Command were the 15th Division, formed in 2015, with the 52nd, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and the 92nd Brigades, and the 16th Division with the 75th, 76th, and 91st Brigades.[2] The 15th and 16th Divisions were formed from units and elements of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Divisions that the U.S. and its Operation Inherent Resolve partners reconstituted and retrained. However parts of the 15th Division, raised in central Iraq, were never sent north to fight, as the Baghdad Belts had an ISIS presence and numerous Shite militias. Also part of the command was the 3rd Federal Police Division under Saleh al-Amiri, with the 9th and 10th Brigades (in Ninewa Governorate) and the 11th, 12th, and 21st Brigades (in Salah al-Din Governorate). The division was reportedly compromised by Iranian Popular Mobilization Forces proxies.
Major General Najim Abdullah al-Jabouri was in command in early 2015.[2] By late 2020, and after a series of changes by the government of Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, Maj. Gen. Ismail Shihab al-Mahlawi was transferred to command the NOC, after ten years of combat in Anbar (commanding the 7th Division and the Anbar Operational Command).[17]
References
- ↑Long War Journal, Microsoft Word – OOBpage5-IGFC-M.rtfArchived 2008-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
- 123Dury-Agri, Kassim & Martin 2017, p. 21.
- ↑Hamilton, Eric (29 April 2008). "The Fight For Mosul"(PDF). Backgrounders. Institute for the Study of War. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
- ↑Lieutenant Dennis P Chapman, “Security Forces of the Kurdistan Regional Government” (Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2009), 166.
- ↑"Inside the Collapse of the Iraqi Army's 2nd Division - War on the Rocks". War on the Rocks. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ↑"Revealed: the Islamic State 'cabinet', from finance minister to suicide bomb deployer". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
- 12"Special report - How Mosul fell: An Iraqi general disputes Baghdad's story". Reuters. 14 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- 123"Special report – How Mosul fell: An Iraqi general disputes Baghdad's story". Reuters. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
- 12Fahim, Kareem; Al-Salhy, Suadad (10 June 2014). "Sunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of Mosul". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑Sly, Liz; Ramadan, Ahmed (10 June 2014). "Insurgents seize Iraqi city of Mosul as troops flee". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ↑"Le nord sunnite de l'Irak aux mains de l'EIIL". Le Monde. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ↑"U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings". Reuters. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- ↑Bill Roggio (10 June 2014). "ISIS takes control of Mosul, Iraq's second largest city". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ↑"Security Forces Collapse in Ninawa, Salah al-Din, Kirkuk"(PDF). p. 13. Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 February 2019.
- ↑Chivers, C. J. (2 July 2014). "After Retreat, Iraqi Soldiers Fault Officers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑“Abadi Visits the Headquarters of the Commander of Ninewa Operations,” Sumaria, July 9, 2017, via Duri-Agri, Kassim, and Martin, 2017, 20-21.
- ↑"Kadhimi's Rolling Reshuffle (Part 1): Military Command Changes". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- Dury-Agri, Jessa Rose; Kassim, Omer; Martin, Patrick (1 November 2017). "Iraqi Security Forces and Popular Mobilization Forces: Order of Battle". Institute for the Study of War. Washington DC. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- Military units and formations of Iraq in the Iraq War
- Organizaciones establecidas en 2008