clan Oda

El clan Oda ( en japonés :織田氏, Hepburn : Oda-shi ) fue una familia samurái japonesa que ostentó el título de daimyo y desempeñó un papel político importante en la unificación de Japón a mediados del siglo XVI. Si bien alcanzaron la cima de su poder bajo el reinado de Oda Nobunaga y cayeron poco después, varias ramas de la familia continuaron como casas daimyo hasta la Restauración Meiji . Tras la Restauración Meiji, los cuatro jefes de las casas del clan fueron nombrados vizcondes en el nuevo sistema de nobleza hereditaria.

Oda Nobunaga afirmó inicialmente que el clan Oda descendía del clan Fujiwara , y posteriormente afirmó descender de Taira no Sukemori del clan Taira . Según la genealogía oficial del clan Oda, tras la muerte de Taira no Sukemori en la batalla de Dannoura en 1185, Taira no Chikazane , hijo de Sukemori y concubina, fue confiado a un sacerdote sintoísta en un santuario sintoísta en Otanosho, en la provincia de Echizen . Este Chikazane se convirtió en el fundador del clan Oda. ^{[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]}

According to modern theories, there is no evidence that the Oda clan was descended from the Taira clan, and there is a theory that they were actually descended from the Inbe clan, who were Shinto priests in Otanosho. Fujiwara no Nobumasa, an ancestor of Nobunaga, is believed to have been adopted from the Inbe clan by the Fujiwara.^[4] One theory as to why Nobunaga came to claim descent from the Taira clan is that he justified his own seizure of power by exploiting the belief at the time that the Minamoto and Taira clans were destined to alternate in power (源平交替思想, Genpei kōtai shisō). In other words, the idea was that the Minamoto clan, the shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, the Hōjō clan, descended from the Taira clan (Shikken of the Kamakura shogunate), the Ashikaga clan, descended from the Minamoto clan (shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate), and the Oda clan, descended from the Taira clan, were destined to seize power in that order.^[1][2][3]

However, there are theories that question whether the people of that time really believed in this idea,^[3] and whether the Hojo clan was really descended from the Taira clan.^[5][6][7]

In the middle of the Muromachi period, the Oda clan served the Shiba clan, Shugo (守護) of Echizen province, and when Shiba Yoshishige was appointed Shugo of Owari province and moved to Owari, the Oda clan followed suit, and Oda Jōshō became a Shugodai (守護代) serving the Shiba clan.^[1]

After the Onin War, the Shiba clan split into two factions and began warring, and from around 1466, the Oda clan also split into two factions and began warring, with Iwakura Castle and Kiyosu Castle as their respective strongholds.^[1]

After the Onin War, the power of the Shiba clan declined, and in 1513, Oda Tatsusada rebelled against the Shiba clan, but the rebellion failed and he was killed. then, Oda Nobutomo increased his power and made the Shiba clan his puppets. During the Tenbun period, Oda Nobuhide overtook the main family and increased his power. In 1538, Nobuhide captured Nagoya Castle and became the most powerful sengoku daimyo in Owari Province.^[8][9]

Oda Nobuhide took Nagoya Castle in 1538 (it was given to Nobunaga in 1542), and built Furuwatari Castle. Oda Nobutomo held Kiyosu Castle, but he was besieged and killed in 1555 by his nephew Oda Nobunaga who operated from Nagoya Castle. This led to the family being divided into several branches, until the branch led by Oda Nobunaga eclipsed the others and unified its control over Owari.

Then turning to neighboring rivals, it, one by one achieved dominance over the Imagawa, Saitō, Azai, Asakura, Takeda and other clans, until Nobunaga held control over central Japan. However, Nobunaga's plans for national domination were thwarted when he fell victim to the treachery of his vassal Akechi Mitsuhide who forced Nobunaga into suicide during the Incident at Honnō-ji in the summer of 1582. The Oda remained titular overlords of central Japan for a short time, before being surpassed by the family of one of Nobunaga's chief generals, Hashiba Hideyoshi.

Though the Oda were effectively eclipsed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi following Nobunaga's death, it is not often known that the Oda continued to be a presence in Japanese politics. One branch of the family became hatamoto retainers to the Tokugawa shōgun, while other branches became minor daimyō lords. As of the end of the Edo period, these included Tendō Domain (also known as Takahata Domain, Dewa Province, 20,000 koku), Yanagimoto han (Yamato Province, 10,000 koku), Kaiju han (also known as Shibamura han; Yamato Province, 10,000 koku), and Kaibara han (Tanba Province, 20,000 koku).

During the reign of the daimyō Nobutoshi, the Oda of Tendō Domain were signatories to the pact that created the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei.

Tras la Restauración Meiji en 1871, se abolieron los dominios feudales y las cuatro casas del clan Oda fueron designadas vizcondes en la nueva nobleza hereditaria ( kazoku ). ^{[ 10 ]}

Los descendientes del clan Oda se pueden encontrar por todo Japón, principalmente en el sur y el suroeste.

• Oda Chikazane (ca. siglo XIII)
• Oda Nobuhide (1510-1551)
• Oda Nobuhiro (fallecido en 1574)
• Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582)
• Oda Nobuyuki (1536-1557)
• Oda Nobukane (1548-1614)
• Oda Nagamasu (1548–1622)
• Oda Nobuharu (1549-1570)
• Oda Nobuzumi (1555-1583)
• Oda Nobutada (1557-1582)
• Oda Nobutaka (1558-1583)
• Oda Nobukatsu (1558-1630)
• Hashiba Hidekatsu (羽柴 秀勝, 1567-1593)
• Oda Katsunaga (1568-1582)
• Oda Hidekatsu (織田 秀雄, 1583-1610)
• Oda Hidenobu (1580-1605)
• Oda Nobutoshi (1853-1901)
• Oda Nobunari (1987–)

• Ōichi (1547-1583)
• Señora Otsuya
• Tokuhime
• Kitsuno
• Nōhime
• Dota Gozen

• Información sobre los antecedentes del clan Oda (en japonés)

Este artículo incorpora texto de OpenHistory.