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Sandi Jackson

from the [[7th ward, Chicago|7th ward]]"},"term_start":{"wt":"May 21, 2007"},"term_end":{"wt":"January 15, 2013"},"predecessor":{"wt":"Darcel Beavers"},"successor":{"wt":"[[Nata...

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Sandra Lee Jackson (née Stevens;[1] born September 14, 1963) is an American politician. She was elected to the Chicago City Council as an alderman of the 7th ward of the City of Chicago in the 2007 municipal elections held on February 27, 2007. She succeeded Darcel A. Beavers who had been appointed by Chicago MayorRichard M. Daley after the 2006 November elections to succeed her father William Beavers, Jackson's rival, as alderman of the 7th Ward. Jackson resigned from Chicago City Council, effective January 15, 2013. On February 20, 2013, Jackson pleaded guilty to one count of filing false tax returns, and on August 14, 2013, was sentenced to one year in prison.

She is the ex-wife of former U.S. Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. and erstwhile daughter-in-law of Jesse Jackson. Her candidacy for the city council of a major city was part of national news stories in The New York Times,[2][3] and thoughts of her running for a position in the United States House of Representatives were noted in Time.[4]

Jackson has also been a longtime political consultant through her solely owned consulting firm J. Donatella & Associates.[5]

Personal life

Born in Kittery, Maine, Jackson grew up in Akron, Ohio.[6] She is an alumna of Buchtel High School in Akron.[7] Her mother, Sarah Stevens, who is from Atlanta, Georgia,[7] worked three jobs cleaning homes to raise Jackson and two other children. Later Jackson helped her mother clean homes to pay her way through Bowling Green State University, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1985.[8] Jackson's father, Robert Stevens, was from Akron.[7]

Jackson conoció a su futuro esposo mientras aún era estudiante de derecho en el Centro de Derecho de la Universidad de Georgetown . Él la convenció de transferirse para estar con él en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Illinois , donde obtuvo su Doctorado en Jurisprudencia en 1992. [ 1 ] La pareja se casó el 1 de junio de 1991. [ 9 ] La familia Jackson posee dos casas. Tienen una en el área de la comunidad de South Shore, [ 1 ] que está dentro del segundo distrito congresional de Illinois que el congresista Jackson representó en la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos y dentro del séptimo distrito que Sandi Jackson representa en el Consejo Municipal de Chicago. La casa de South Shore sirve como base electoral. [ 1 ] Esta casa fue la renovación destacada en un episodio de HGTV Hidden Potential , emitido por primera vez el 24 de marzo de 2009. [ 10 ] También tienen una casa en Dupont Circle en Washington, DC , que sirvió como hogar familiar y base para su servicio en el Congreso antes de la elección de ella. [ 1 ] Antes de ser elegido, Jackson residía cuatro días a la semana en Chicago y tres días a la semana en Washington D.C. [ 11 ]

Los Jackson tienen dos hijos, Jessica Donatella Jackson (nacida el 13 de marzo de 2000) [ 12 ] y Jesse Louis Jackson, III, apodado "Tre" (nacido el 19 de septiembre de 2003). [ 6 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Sarah Stevens acompaña a la familia en sus viajes entre Chicago y Washington. [ 8 ] Jessica asistió a la escuela en el área metropolitana de Washington antes de que Jackson fuera miembro del consejo municipal. [ 15 ] Después de que Jackson fuera elegido para servir como político de tiempo completo en un órgano legislativo local en Chicago, ella y su esposo decidieron que sus hijos asistieran a la escuela en Chicago a partir del otoño de 2007. [ 16 ] Más tarde, sin embargo, la familia decidió mantener su base en Washington. [ 17 ] La elección de residencia de la familia ha sido un tema de campaña, así como material para un columnista de opinión local . [ 18 ]

Jackson had suffered multiple miscarriages before the birth of her two children.[14] In a highly publicized medical case, she lost a boy who was born four months premature at University of Utah Medical Center in 1998. Complications arose while the couple was attending a youth leadership conference in Deer Valley 20 miles east of Salt Lake City, Utah.[19][20] Jackson survived a three-hour surgical removal of a benign tumor from her neck on May 7, 2008.[21][22] During the 2008 Christmas holidays, the family suffered a fire and was forced to spend the holiday season in a downtown hotel.[23] In 2001, Jackson had a chili recipe published in "The Barking Gourmet," the St. Albans School family cookbook.[24]

On July 14, 2016, Jackson's husband filed for divorce from her in Cook County, Illinois.[25] They reached a settlement in April 2018.[26]

Early political experience

Early in Jackson's political career she served as press secretary for United States CongressmanMickey Leland. After the 1988 Democratic National Convention, she began working for Michael Dukakis who had become the Democratic party's nominee for United States President in the 1988 United States presidential election.[9]

Jackson's political career prior to her election as 7th Ward Alderman included the following positions: Deputy Director of Training for the Democratic National Committee, Director of Scheduling Operations for Rev. Jesse Jackson, Vice President of Congressional and External Affairs for the Export-Import Bank of the United States (appointed by Bill Clinton), Director of VIP Relations for the Presidential Inaugural Committee, National Outreach Coordinator for the Clinton/Gore 96 Campaign, and campaign manager and chief political strategist for many other politicians.[6]

Durante las elecciones presidenciales del año 2000 , Jackson figuraba como copresidente estatal de GoreNet en Illinois. [ 27 ] GoreNet era un grupo enfocado en jóvenes estadounidenses que apoyaba la campaña de Al Gore, centrándose en la organización comunitaria y en línea , así como en la organización de eventos para pequeños donantes. [ 28 ]

"Si la esposa de Bill Clinton puede presentarse al Senado de los Estados Unidos, si la esposa de Bob Dole puede presentarse al Senado y a la presidencia, ¿por qué mi esposa no puede ser concejala?"

— Jesse Jackson, Jr. [ 29 ] (diciembre de 2002)

Mientras Jackson ejercía como directora de asuntos legislativos del Banco de Exportación e Importación, cabildeó en contra de la propuesta de su esposo de endurecer las restricciones a las actividades del Banco en África. Tuvo éxito, ya que la enmienda de su esposo no prosperó. [ 30 ]

Jackson consideró postularse para un cargo público durante las elecciones municipales de Chicago de 2003. [ 29 ] En ese momento, Jackson Jr. disuadió a su esposa de postularse para un cargo público. [ 31 ] Sin embargo, creía que su esposa debería ser elegible para postularse como concejal, a pesar de la controversia que rodeaba dicha candidatura. [ 29 ]

Elecciones de 2007

Campaña

In 2006, William Beavers announced that he would resign his 7th ward aldermanic seat to pursue the Cook County Board seat being vacated by John Stroger, after Stroger was forced to resign following a stroke. Beavers requested that Mayor Daley appoint his daughter to replace him, in order for her to have the incumbency advantage in the February 27, 2007 municipal elections.[32][33] The deal also allowed for Todd Stroger to replace his father John as the president of the County Board and Beavers to surrender his ward seat after presiding over Mayor Daley's 2007 City Council budget hearings.[34] In July 2007, when it first became public that Sandi Jackson was considering running for the 7th ward alderman seat, which would disrupt all the backroom dealings between the Strogers and the Beaverses with Daley's approval, Jackson, Jr. encouraged her to run.[31] In the November 2006 elections, William Beavers won the County Board seat while Stroger won the County Board President's office that had been part of the dealings. On December 5, 2006, Jackson officially filed paperwork with state election officials.[35] On December 12, Mayor Daley appointed Darcel Beavers to succeed her father until the Spring municipal elections.[36] Then, on December 18, which is the filing deadline for petitions, Jackson filed 5,000 petition signatures to run for alderman.[37][38][39]

Jackson carried numerous endorsements including The Chicago Tribune[40][41][42] and numerous labor unions.[43][44] Jackson was not endorsed by the Cook County Democratic Party.[45]

The Jackson family (Sandi, Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr., and Congressman Jesse Jackson, Jr.) have occasionally not seen eye to eye with Mayor Daley.[2] In fact, Congressman Jackson was considering contesting Daley for Mayor until the Democratic Party success in the 2006 fall elections made it clear he could be very productive by remaining in Congress because of his party's majority.[3][46] Sandi Jackson, who is credited with encouraging Jackson, Jr. to run for Congress, had been supportive of the idea of him running for mayor.[47] William Beavers had been a longtime Daley ally.[2][3] However, Jackson says she has good relations with the Daleys, especially Bill Daley.[6]

Jackson took leave from her position as deputy political director of training for the Democratic National Committee to run and her husband bought up the billboards in the ward to post an image of the couple.[48] Jackson, Jr. had acquired the rights to 1,800 billboards in the city in preparation for his own possible mayoral candidacy. He relinquished the rights to all but those useful to his wife in her ward and a few candidates that he endorsed.[49] Jackson, Jr. invested US$200,000 in his wife's campaign to pay for billboards, mailers, phone banks, a campaign manager and other professional staffers.[49] William Beavers was unimpressed with the spending and had his employees remind voters that Jackson did not live in the Ward and his daughter did.[49] William Beavers attempted to make Jackson's Washington residence an issue, and there was mudslinging in the public press between the Beaverses and the Jacksons.[33][34] Jackson campaigned for the 7th ward alderman position based on the issues of economy, education, and public safety. She also described the lakefront ward as prime commercial real estate ripe for development.[49]

Results

  • Darcel Beavers 4004 (33.50%)
  • Ron David 951 (7.96%)
  • Eric Brown 216 (1.81%)
  • Jackson 6783 (56.74%)[50][51]

Beavers was one of only four incumbents on the 50-member City Council to lose during the municipal elections.[52] Five new alderman supported by organized labor and Jackson Jr. won seats.[53][54][55]

Aldermanic career

The city of Chicago is divided into fifty wards that are each represented by an alderman in the Chicago City Council. The northern portion of Chicago's seventh ward is adjacent to the Lake Michigan lakefront, and the ward includes portions of the South Shore, South Chicago, Calumet Heights, and South Deeringcommunity areas.

Jackson's aldermanic career began inauspiciously when she complained to the Chicago Sun-Times, one of Chicago's major daily newspapers, that she was caught off-guard by the need to pay office start-up expenses up front.[56] This provided fodder for a columnist in the Chicago Tribune, the other major daily,[57] and anonymous on-line commenters on the Chicago Sun-Times web site made light of the issue.[58] At the time, Jackson was considered by one local political writer as the most closely watched of the nine newly elected aldermen that were sworn in on May 21, 2007 and by another as the "star" of the incoming class of nine freshman aldermen.[59][60]

Her first political statement as an alderman was disappointment in Mayor Daley's decision to force his affordable housing ordinance through the council with nine lame duck councilmen during the week before the new class was sworn in because new alderman would be "forced to live by" the new ordinance.[60] Meanwhile, her husband propounded a 10-point ethics reform that would give the city's inspector general power to investigate aldermen; reduce the number of City Council committees to 10; limit municipal campaign contributions for each election cycle; and strip the mayor of the authority to appoint replacements for aldermanic vacancies.[60]

Upon assuming office, she stated that she would emphasize economic development as her primary goal for her ward.[61] One of her goals has been to redevelop the 570-acre (2.31 km2)landfill on the site of the former U.S. Steel mill into a lakefront community.[8]

A local political writer immediately looked for signs that the nine new councilmen who were supported by pro-labor forces would form a block against the pro-business Mayor and old guard members.[60] Five of the new members were among eleven dissenters in a vote on mandatory public art purchase procedures during their first month on the job.[62] In the fall of 2007, Jackson along with several other African-American alderman took issue with the allotment of contracts on the O'Hare Airport runway expansion project because African-American firms were only awarded 8% of the contracts and no general contractor roles.[63][64] (Jackson's husband is a main proponent of the proposed Chicago south suburban airport in Peotone, Illinois).[65][66][67] Jackson voted with the minority in the 29-21 vote approving the Mayor's November 2007 property tax increase.[68] The February 2008 Real Estate Transfer Tax Increase also drew opposition from Jackson and a small minority of aldermen.[69][70]

Jackson was among the co-sponsors of a council resolution in opposition of U.S. military attacks against Iraq.[71]

There has been international press covering the City Council's deliberations regarding Grant Park and the Chicago Children's Museum.[72][73][74] Mayor Daley has propounded a controversial proposal to relocate the Chicago Children's Museum from Navy Pier to a City park, Grant Park that passed 33–16, with Jackson in the minority.[75][76]

Jackson llamó la atención sobre las nuevas tarifas de manejo de equipaje impuestas por American Airlines, incluso para la primera maleta facturada. Alegó que dichas tarifas contravenían la Sección 26-04 del Acuerdo de Uso del Aeropuerto con la Ciudad de Chicago, el cual autoriza a American Airlines a operar en los aeropuertos de Chicago. El plan inicial eximía a los titulares de tarjetas Platinum y Executive, quienes generalmente eran viajeros de negocios, e imponía una carga excesiva de nuevas tarifas al viajero común, en contravención del acuerdo de precios no discriminatorios. Manifestó su interés en un foro del Ayuntamiento sobre el tema. [ 77 ] Escribió directamente a American Airlines y posteriormente publicó un artículo en el Chicago Sun-Times sobre el asunto. [ 78 ]

Jackson se encontraba entre los concejales y ciudadanos que expresaron su indignación por el leve castigo impuesto por la alcaldía en relación con un esquema de contratos municipales multimillonarios. Jackson lo consideró una cuestión moral, ya que el alcalde no condenó adecuadamente la actividad inmoral, que, a su juicio, fomenta comportamientos similares. [ 79 ] Durante una ola de crímenes violentos en el verano de 2008 , fue una de las concejalas que pidió que se reorientara el énfasis hacia un apoyo policial adecuado. [ 80 ] [ 81 ]

Ella sigue promoviendo un plan para remodelar la planta siderúrgica USX como un esfuerzo para revitalizar su distrito. [ 45 ] [ 82 ] Prevé 17 000 nuevas viviendas, un centro comercial de lujo y grandes extensiones de parques, con la construcción comenzando en 2009. [ 83 ] Al comienzo de su segundo año en el consejo municipal de 50 personas, Jackson ya había acumulado el decimoséptimo fondo de campaña más grande. [ 84 ]

Ella se ha manifestado abiertamente en defensa de la transparencia en el tema de si el alcalde Daley debería transferir la supervisión de las contrataciones municipales al inspector general David Hoffman y ha votado en contra de la propuesta del alcalde de crear una Oficina de Cumplimiento separada. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Su historial de votación le valió elogios de la Organización de Distritos Independientes de Votantes de Illinois . [ 87 ] Un año y medio después del inicio del primer mandato de Jackson, el comentarista político local Don Rose, escribiendo en el Chicago Sun-Times, incluyó a Jackson entre los cuatro concejales que, a su juicio, heredaban un legado de reforma. [ 88 ]

In 2001, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Jackson, Jr. could hire his wife on his campaign payroll. The ruling stated that relatives can be employed as long as they were compensated "no more than the fair market value" for their services. At the time, Sandi Jackson was employed by the Democratic National Committee (DNC) as the deputy director of training.[89] Many other lawmakers have made similar arrangements without contacting the FEC for a ruling. When House Majority LeaderTom DeLay was charged with ethical infractions, matters such as these came to light.[90] Jackson remained on the payroll of her husband's main campaign fund, Jesse Jackson Jr. for Congress, in 2006 as she considered a run for public office.[89] She also continued to be employed by Howard Dean of the DNC.[8] Between 2001 and early 2009, Jesse Jackson Jr.'s congressional campaign paid Sandra at least $247,500, including at least $95,000 after Sandra became Alderman.[91]

Jackson received a $4,000 digital radio from Chicago's Office of Emergency Management and Communications (Chicago's 911 Center) to monitor snow removal and emergency operations in her ward. The radio was returned when the controversy that arose led to a personnel reshuffling that included the reassignment of a high ranking Hispanic city employee.[92]

When Congressman Bobby Rush was battling cancer, Time and other publications mentioned Jackson as a potential future candidate for the United States House of Representatives in Illinois's 1st congressional district.[4][93] Responding to resignation requests,[94] Rush noted that he would be returning to his congressional duties following post-operative treatment.[93] When he returned to full health he noted his disappointment in the premature consideration of his replacement.[95][96] The issue led to a public reconciliation initiated by Jackson, Jr. at the 2008 Democratic National Convention, termed a "hugfest" by the press.[97][98][99] While considering the possibility of Jackson, Jr. being appointed to fill Barack Obama's United States Senate seat, the Chicago Sun-Times mentioned her as a possible candidate for Jackson, Jr.'s Illinois's 2nd congressional district seat.[100]

During the Rod Blagojevich corruption scandal, Jackson's name was mentioned in the pay-to-play activities of then-Illinois GovernorRod Blagojevich. Allegedly, the governor had considered her for the state lottery director and then asked for contributions from her husband Congressman Jackson. After the Congressman Jackson did not make a contribution, she was not selected and Blagojevich made the causality of the non-contribution in the matter.[101][102]

In 2008, her second year as alderman, Jackson directed more than $32,000 in payments from her aldermanic expense account to her American Express account. Jackson said she used an AmEx account to launch her office during her freshman term.[103]

Criminal investigation, resignation and conviction

In 2012 federal prosecutors reviewed evidence that Jackson faced potential criminal liability for misuse of her husband's campaign funds; allegedly she and the Congressman used campaign funds to decorate their Washington, DC home.[104][105] Jackson resigned from Chicago City Council, effective January 15, 2013.[106] On February 15, 2013 Jackson agreed to a plea deal.[107][108] On February 20, 2013, Jackson pleaded guilty to one count of filing false tax returns after neglecting to declare nearly $580,000 in income.[109][110]

On August 14, 2013, Jackson was sentenced to 12 months in federal prison, while her husband was sentenced to 30 months in jail. Judge Berman Jackson said she'd let the couple decide who should first serve out their prison term.[111] Court documents also showed she had spent campaign funds on personal items such as vacations, electronics and furs. She was ordered to pay $22,000 in restitution.[112] She entered the Federal Prison Camp, Alderson in Alderson, West Virginia to begin her sentence on October 20, 2015 after her husband was paroled.[113] She completed her prison term on October 18, 2016 and began 12 months of supervised release.[114]

Non-Aldermanic work

In October 2007, Jackson filed to pursue William Beavers' 7th ward Democratic Committeeman post.[115] Among other duties, committeemen determine appointments for vacated political posts in and including their ward. Two days later, Beavers filed to run to retain his position.[116] In the race for the local post, her husband requested permission from the Federal Election Commission to use his campaign funds in support of her local race.[116] The commission voted in favor of allowing unlimited contributions to his wife's candidacy from his $827,000 fund.[117] On February 5, 2008, Sandi Jackson defeated rival William Beavers in the election for 7th Ward Democratic Committeemen by 77.5%–22.5%.,[118][119] a 3–1 margin over Beavers.[120][121]

Jackson has also been a long-time political consultant through her solely owned consulting firm J. Donatella & Associates. She has run and advised on several Democratic campaigns including her husband's Congressional races. She continued to be active in this arena while serving as an alderman.[5] She has served as a campaign manager and chief political strategist for Robin Kelly, David Miller, William Davis and James Meeks.[6]

Notes

  1. 12345Rhodes, Steve (May 2005). "What Does Junior Want?". Chicago Magazine. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
  2. 123Saulny, Susan (February 28, 2006). "Daley Easily Wins Re-election in Chicago". New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2007.
  3. 123Saulny, Susan (February 18, 2007). "With Eye on Post-Daley Era, 2 Powerful Families Battle for a Chicago Council Seat". The New York Times. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  4. 12Trygstad, Kyle (June 2, 2008). "If Rush Retires, Many Are Ready". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
  5. 12Dardick, Hal & Dan Mihalopoulos (May 3, 2008). "Council members list their side jobs - Many aldermen worked as consultants, lawyers". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
  6. 12345Zimmermann, Stephanie (December 19, 2006). "Jesse Jr.'s wife running for alderman: 'Change is in the air' says 7th Ward hopeful". Chicago Sun-Times. Digital Chicago, Inc. Archived from the original on January 16, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  7. 123Hoffman, Steve (November 27, 1997). "Casual Talk Paves Way For Forum U.S. Information Agency Official To Discuss Events With Small Group In Akron". Akron Beacon Journal. Newsbank. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Pallasch, Abdon M. (4 de marzo de 2007). "Jackson obtiene su turno: Su esperanza más audaz: transformar el antiguo sitio de US Steel" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . Recuperado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  9. 1 2 Jackson y Watkins, págs. 36-7
  10. ↑ "Brandie y Barry ayudan a una pareja política a decidir cómo votar sobre la renovación: Episodio HHDPO-809" . HGTV.com . Scripps Networks, LLC. Archivado del original el 2 de mayo de 2010. Consultado el 25 de marzo de 2009 .
  11. ↑ "¡Tomemos el poder en nuestras propias manos!" . runsandirun.com. 20 de diciembre de 2006. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2008 .
  12. ↑ "Hospital de Naperville modifica su propuesta en la licitación para centro cardíaco" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . 14 de marzo de 2000. Consultado el 13 de noviembre de 2008 .
  13. ↑ "Y ahora Jackson tiene dos homónimos" . Chicago Tribune . Newsbank . 21 de septiembre de 2003. Consultado el 15 de noviembre de 2008 .
  14. 1 2 "Nombres y rostros" . Washington Post . Newsbank . 4 de octubre de 2003. Recuperado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  15. ↑ Kadner, Phil (13 de julio de 2006). "Phil Kadner : Cuando el negocio familiar se convierte en política de la gran ciudad" . Daily Southtown . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 . 
  16. ↑ Spielman, Fran (22 de mayo de 2007). "La fan número 1 de Sandi Jackson sonríe: el nuevo trabajo de su madre tiene a su hermana de 3 años 'muy emocionada'"." . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  17. ↑ "The Daily Rant" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . 21 de diciembre de 2007. Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  18. ↑ "The Daily Rant" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . 14 de enero de 2008. Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  19. ↑"Jackson's Premature Baby Dies". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. August 24, 1998. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  20. ↑"Son of Jesse Jackson Jr. dies after early delivery". The Deseret News. Newsbank. August 24, 1998. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  21. ↑"Alderman recovers after neck surgery". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. May 8, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  22. ↑"News in Brief". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. May 8, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  23. ↑Sneed, Michael (January 7, 2009). "Passing on cash". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
  24. ↑Grove, Lloyd (November 29, 2001). "The Reliable Source". Washington Post. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  25. ↑"Ex-Rep. Jesse Jackson divorce trial date set after 'mediation was not successful'". Chicago Tribune. July 25, 2017.
  26. ↑O'Connell, Patrick M. (April 13, 2018). "Jesse Jackson Jr., Sandi Jackson Reach Settlement in Contentious Divorce Case". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  27. ↑"GoreNet State Co-Chairs". Gore 2000. August 15, 2000. Archived from the original on August 15, 2000. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  28. ↑"GoreNet: A Network of Young Americans Dedicated to Al Gore President". Gore 2000. August 15, 2000. Archived from the original on August 15, 2000. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  29. 123Miller, Sabrina L. (December 5, 2002). "Jackson son has own city hopefuls - He joins Meeks in backing some for council races". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  30. ↑Dorning, Mike & Mark Stricherz (July 18, 1999). "Fitzgerald Only A Little Rebellious On HMOs". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  31. 12Brown, Mark (July 12, 2006). "Rep. Jackson's wife could throw Beavers a curve". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  32. ↑Bellandi, Deanna (December 21, 2006). "The Chicago Way: Families rule politics in the Windy City". The Southern Illinoisan. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  33. 12Washburn, Gary (July 13, 2006). "Beavers bares knuckles in feud with Rep. Jackson". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  34. 12Spielman, Fran (July 13, 2006). "'He can run Mickey Mouse, if he wants to': Beavers says he isn't worried about Jackson's wife". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  35. ↑Mihalopoulos, Dan (December 9, 2006). "Jackson's wife eyes council race - Beavers' daughter likely aldermanic foe". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  36. ↑Mihalopoulos, Dan & Mickey Ciokajlo (December 13, 2006). "Daley fills 3 vacancies on City Council". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  37. ↑Marin, Carol (December 17, 2006). "Obama's future might depend on his past". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  38. ↑Zimmermann, Stephanie (December 19, 2006). "Jesse Jr.'s wife running for alderman: 'Change is in the air' says 7th Ward hopeful". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  39. ↑Mihalopoulos, Dan & Mickey Ciokajlo (December 19, 2006). "245 to vie for council, but 1 race in spotlight - Beavers, Jackson families facing off in 7th Ward battle". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  40. ↑"For the Chicago City Council". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 12, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  41. ↑"The Tribune endorsements". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 25, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  42. ↑"The Tribune endorsements". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 27, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  43. ↑Mihalopoulos, Dan (January 16, 2007). "Election heightens Daley-labor strain - Unions are backing council hopefuls who will stand up to him". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  44. ↑"THE DALEY SHOWDOWN - Mayor is the man to beat as he tries to win a record 6th term". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 27, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  45. 12Klein, Sarah A. (May 5, 2008). "Focus: Women to Watch: Sandi Jackson". ChicagoBusiness. Crain Communications, Inc. p. 31.
  46. ↑Fornek, Scott (November 10, 2006). "Jackson: I could've won: Gutierrez also bows out of race vs. Mayor Daley". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  47. ↑Mihalopoulos, Dan (September 7, 2006). "Rep. Jackson getting closer to mayoral run". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  48. ↑Toomey, Shamus (February 9, 2007). "Beavers takes on Jackson, newcomers: 'Am I running against the congressman or ... his wife?'". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  49. 1 2 3 4 Mihalopoulos, Dan (23 de febrero de 2007). "Juguemos a la disputa familiar: William Beavers y el representante Jesse Jackson compiten por la supremacía del lado sur a través de la carrera de concejales de sus parientes" . Chicago Tribune . Newsbank . Recuperado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  50. ↑ "Febrero de 2007 Municipal - Concejal del 7.º distrito" . Comisión de la Junta Electoral de Chicago. 2007. Archivado del original el 15 de enero de 2009. Consultado el 9 de marzo de 2007 .
  51. ↑ Lipman, Jonathan (28 de febrero de 2007). "Elecciones de 2007: Chicago: La corrupción perjudica a Troutman, pero Daley sale ileso" . Daily Southtown . Newsbank . Consultado el 16 de febrero de 2009 .
  52. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan y Gary Washburn (27 de febrero de 2007). "Daley busca superar el récord de su padre: marca de permanencia a la vista; concejales veteranos enfrentan desafío laboral" . Chicago Tribune . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  53. ↑ Marin, Carol (22 de abril de 2007). "¿Cambiará de opinión el Ayuntamiento?" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  54. ↑ Spielman, Fran (19 de abril de 2007). "Resultados de las elecciones de 2007: Chicago: Jackson Jr. usa su influencia para ayudar a los aliados de su esposa" . Daily Southtown . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  55. ↑ Washington, Laura (23 de abril de 2007). "Las elecciones envían un mensaje: los funcionarios negros deben cumplir: el Partido Laborista y Jackson Jr. pusieron trabas al sistema, y ​​los afroamericanos demostraron que quieren resultados" . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  56. ↑ Spielman, Fran (16 de mayo de 2007). "Jackson: Los gastos de los concejales son demasiado bajos: falta de dinero para amueblar y la oficina del personal es 'terrible'"." . Chicago Sun-Times . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  57. ↑ Kass, John (16 de mayo de 2007). "Algunos consejos amistosos de un veterano: La escuela Kass para el éxito como concejal: consejos invaluables para los novatos" . Chicago Tribune . Newsbank . Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2008 .
  58. ↑"Talk Back: Government spends too much time trying to regulate private lives, habits". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. May 23, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  59. ↑Flannery, Mike (May 21, 2007). "Chicago City Council Swears In 50 Aldermen". CBS Broadcasting, Inc. Archived from the original on January 3, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
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  61. ↑Brown, Mark (May 22, 2007). "I, state your name, won't make waves - Don't expect dramatic changes from City Council's new aldermen". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  62. ↑Spielman, Fran (June 14, 2007). "Council reduces public say-so in city's art - Artists, 11 aldermen opposed the new ordinance". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  63. ↑Spielman, Fran (October 21, 2007). "Black aldermen blast Daley aide over O'Hare project - Angry only 8% of contracts given to African Americans". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  64. ↑"Lack of black-owned firms in O'Hare work criticized". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. October 20, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  65. ↑Johnson, Dirk (March 3, 1998). "Jesse Jackson Jr. Is His Father's Son, But He Reaches Beyond the Rainbow". The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  66. ↑Keily, Kathy (December 7, 2006). "Hyde leaving Congress with mixed feelings". USA TODAY. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  67. ↑Johnson, Dirk (July 28, 1998). "Democrats Cast Wary Eye on One of Their Own". The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  68. ↑Spielman, Fran (November 14, 2007). "'Do you think I want to raise taxes?' - Property tax hike of $83.4 million OKd, but not before Daley blasts aldermen who voted 'no'". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  69. ↑Washburn, Gary (February 7, 2008). "City tax hike puts cap on CTA bailout". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  70. ↑Spielman, Fran (February 7, 2008). "Realty transfer tax hike gives seniors a break - Deal also grants GIs, disabled vets free CTA rides". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  71. ↑Huntley, Steve (May 13, 2008). "U.S. doesn't need Council's advice on Iran". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  72. ↑"In a fight over Grant Park, Chicago's mayor faces a small revolt". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. October 4, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
  73. ↑Spielman, Fran (June 12, 2008). "Mayor gets what he wants—Council OKs move 33–16 despite opposition". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  74. ↑"The taking of Grant Park". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. June 8, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  75. ↑Kass, John (June 13, 2008). "Rezko's letter should put Obama, governor on alert". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  76. ↑Kass, John (June 12, 2008). "Like 'Braveheart,' Reilly was betrayed by peers". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  77. ↑Sneed, Michael (May 25, 2008). "Bag the fee". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  78. ↑Jackson, Sandi (June 4, 2008). "Charging for first checked bag is unfair to fliers in coach". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  79. ↑Cohen, Laurie & Todd Lighty (March 21, 2008). "3 in Duff contract case out for keeps - Chicago now says work ban permanent". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  80. ↑Stampfl, Karl & Angela Rozas (July 1, 2008). "Violence stuns South Shore - Residents of the usually quiet neighborhood worry about their safety after a rash of shootings, killings". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  81. ↑Dardick, Hal & Angela Rozas (July 16, 2008). "Weis doesn't wilt under heat - Chicago's top cop says he's walking a fine line but working on solutions to combat crime spike". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  82. ↑Roeder, David (September 5, 2007). "Old Colony tenants grin and bear it - Those who haven't bolted say building's condition is deplorable, but owner says it up to code". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  83. ↑"Option 10: Ride with Sandi". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. June 1, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  84. ↑Mckinney, Dave & Tim Novak (July 31, 2008). "Gov: I'm still not a target of feds - Court filing seems to argue otherwise". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  85. ↑Washburn, Gary (September 6, 2007). "City leaders greenlight compliance office - Aldermen vote 43-6 for hiring monitor despite objections". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  86. ↑"The Chicago City Sheep". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. September 7, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  87. ↑Simpson, Dick (October 3, 2008). "Tough times call for a strong City Council". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  88. ↑Rose, Don (December 17, 2008). "To bookmark this article, right-click on the link below, and copy the link location: Gov scandal cloaks state's tradition of reform". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
  89. 12Sweet, Lynn (August 4, 2005). "Obama's got golden fund-raising touch". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  90. ↑Drinkard, Jim & Kathy Kiely (April 26, 2005). "DeLay has company in ethical gray areas". USA TODAY. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  91. ↑Burger, Timothy J. (May 21, 2009). "Jesse Jackson Jr. Pays Campaign Funds to Chicago Alderman Wife". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
  92. ↑Spielman, Fran (March 29, 2008). "911 center boss is reassigned - Kicked upstairs amid complaints from employees about promotions, excessive overtime". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  93. 12Sneed, Michael (May 15, 2008). "In a Rush". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  94. ↑Washington, Laura (June 2, 2008). "Rush says he'll be back -- but sharks are circling - Let's hope voters smoke this one out before it's too late". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  95. ↑Pallasch, Abdon M. (August 5, 2008). "Rush rallies for health care - Cancer-free congressman urges Obama to make universal coverage a priority". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  96. ↑Ahmed, Azam (August 5, 2008). "Recovering Rush seeks care for all - Congressman declares himself cancer-free". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  97. ↑Sneed, Michael (August 28, 2008). "Feuding Dems hugging it out". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  98. ↑Pearson, Rick (August 27, 2008). "Illinois Democratic hug fest at convention (with video)". Clout Street. Chicagotribune.com. Retrieved August 31, 2008.
  99. ↑FitzPatrick, Lauren (August 27, 2008). "Slideshow update: Jesse Jackson Jr.'s morning hugfest (with video and slideshow)". Southtown Star. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  100. ↑Sneed, Michael (October 17, 2008). "Who will it be?". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  101. ↑Babwin, Don (December 17, 2008). "Source: Governor sought donation to fill lottery job - Jackson is said to have refused giving $25,000 to get wife appointed". Houston Chronicle. Newsbank. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
  102. ↑Fusco, Chris, Tim Novak and Natasha Korecki (December 22, 2008). "What really happened with Jackson Jr., feds - Congressman talked with authorities about Blagojevich but never met them face-to-face". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved February 22, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  103. ↑Dardick, Hal (August 15, 2009). "What's in Chicago aldermanic expense accounts?". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
  104. ↑"Rep. Jesse Jackson leaves Mayo Clinic". UPI. November 13, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  105. ↑Barrett, Devlin (November 12, 2012). "Inquiry Expands to Lawmaker's Wife". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  106. ↑"Ald. Sandi Jackson has resigned from City Council". myfoxchicago.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  107. ↑"Jesse Jackson Jr., wife agree to plead guilty to federal charges". Washington Times. February 15, 2013.
  108. ↑Schmidt, Michael S. (February 15, 2013). "Lavish Lifestyle of a Lawmaker Yields Federal Charges".
  109. ↑Southall, Ashley (August 15, 2013). "Jesse Jackson Jr. Gets 30 Months, and His Wife 12, to Be Served at Separate Times". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  110. ↑Skiba, Katherine; Coen, Jeff; Venteicher, Wes (February 20, 2013). "Jacksons' guilt a tale of excess". Chicago Tribune.
  111. ↑"Both Jacksons Going To Prison For Misusing Campaign Funds". CBS Chicago. CBS Local Media. August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  112. ↑"Both Jacksons Going To Prison For Misusing Campaign Funds". CBS Chicago. CBS Local Media. August 14, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  113. ↑Skiba, Katherine (October 18, 2016). "Ex-Chicago Ald. Sandi Jackson starts prison term in corruption case". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  114. ↑Skiba, Katherine (October 18, 2016). "Ex-Ald. Sandi Jackson completes prison term, joins husband on parole". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  115. ↑Pallasch, Abdon M. & Steve Patterson (October 30, 2007). "Obama, Clinton try for top spot on state ballot - 7 candidates file to run for Cook County state's attorney". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  116. 12Mckinney, Dave (November 1, 2007). "Jackson, Beavers clans prepare for another fight - At stake is coveted post of committeeman". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  117. ↑"Jackson gets OK to fund wife's bid". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. December 7, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  118. ↑"Results". Chicago Board of Election Commissioners. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
  119. ↑Patterson, Steve (February 26, 2008). "'Wow!' Sandi Jackson scores another big win". Chicago Sun-Times. Digital Chicago, Inc. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
  120. ↑Patterson, Steve (February 6, 2008). "'Wow!' Sandi Jackson scores another big win - Congressman's wife 2-0 vs. Beavers family". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  121. ↑"Chicago Ward Committeemen". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 7, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2008.

References

  • Jackson, Jesse L., Jr., with Frank E. Watkins, A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, ISBN 1-56649-186-X, Welcome Rain Publishers: New York, 2001.
  • City of Chicago 7th Ward
  • Video remarks on husbands December 2008 controversy